红木花色素的微波提取与特性研究

对红木花色素的理化性质及微波提取方法进行了研究.结果表明红木红色素可能属醇溶性黄酮类,其耐酸、耐氧化性很好,耐光氧化和耐热处理性极佳,而耐碱性和耐Fe2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Pb2+盐离子性较差.微波提取工艺研究表明微波提取时间在设定的提取工艺三因素中居主要影响,其次是乙醇用量和浓度;只需一次微波处理便可将花瓣中红色素提完.进一步研究该色素的光照和热处理降解特性,结果表明在设定的各处理温度下,该红色素降解均很缓慢,但其降解速度随设定处理温度升高呈加快趋势.在90℃～100℃的热处理下,其降解速度与热处理时间有A(最大光吸收)～t及lnA～t线性相关关系;当低于90℃时,仅80℃的设定热处理下有lnA～t直线相关,而A～t间都不呈线性关系.连续光照处理中,随处理时间延长其降解幅度极小,降解速度与光照时间不存在A～t及lnA～t线性相关.     

红(木继)木花色素的微波提取与特性研究

对红木花色素的理化性质及微波提取方法进行了研究.结果表明:红木红色素可能属醇溶性黄酮类,其耐酸、耐氧化性很好,耐光氧化和耐热处理性极佳,而耐碱性和耐Fe2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Pb2+盐离子性较差.微波提取工艺研究表明:微波提取时间在设定的提取工艺三因素中居主要影响,其次是乙醇用量和浓度;只需一次微波处理便可将花瓣中红色素提完.进一步研究该色素的光照和热处理降解特性,结果表明:在设定的各处理温度下,该红色素降解均很缓慢,但其降解速度随设定处理温度升高呈加快趋势.在90℃～100℃的热处理下,其降解速度与热处理时间有A(最大光吸收)～t及lnA～t线性相关关系;当低于90℃时,仅80℃的设定热处理下有lnA～t直线相关,而A～t间都不呈线性关系.连续光照处理中,随处理时间延长其降解幅度极小,降解速度与光照时间不存在A～t及lnA～t线性相关.     

红檵木花色素的微波提取与特性研究

对红檵木花色素的理化性质及微波提取方法进行了研究。结果表明：红檵木红色素可能属醇溶性黄酮类、其耐酸、耐轼化性很好,耐光氧化和耐热处理性极佳,而耐碱性和耐Fe^2 、Fe^2 、Cu、Pb^2 盐离子性较差。微波提取工艺研究表明：微波提取时间在设定的提取工艺三因素中居主要影响,其次是乙醇用量和浓度;只需一次微波处理便可将花瓣中红色素提完。进一步研究该色素的光照和热处理降解特性,结果表明：在设定的各处理温度下,该红色素降解均很缓慢,但其降解速度随设定处理温度升高呈加快趋势。在90C～100C的热处理下,其降解速度与热处理时间有A(最大光吸收)～t及lnA～t线性相关关系;当低于90C时,仅80C的设定热处理下有lnA～t直线相关,而A～t间都不呈线性关系。连续光照处理中,随处理时间延长其降解幅度极小,降解速度与光照时间不存在A～t及lnA～t线性相关。     

少花龙葵种子萌发特性及其果汁对小白菜种子萌发的影响

对少花龙葵的成熟果实采用3种采种方式,于室内测定水分、温度、光照条件对不同采种方式所得种子的发芽影响,并就少花龙葵的果汁对小白菜种子萌发的影响进行分析.结果表明:(1)少花龙葵种子于25℃恒温下浸种8 h后吸水达到饱和,其适宜发芽温度为20℃～25℃,萌发受黑暗抑制;(2)3种采种方式中以捣烂果实后种子不从果实取出并不清洗而直接晾干的采留种方式最佳;(3)少花龙葵果汁原液和其5～10倍稀释液抑制广东小白菜种子发芽,20～50倍稀释液则促进其萌发,表明少花龙葵果汁具有化感效应.     

超声波辅助提取盐地碱蓬红色素的工艺研究

为了探讨超声波对盐地碱蓬红色素提取效果的影响,为进一步提取纯化盐地碱蓬红色素提供一定的理论依据,通过单因素和正交实验,研究了不同提取时间、温度、液固比和功率下超声波辅助对盐地碱蓬红色素提取的影响.结果表明:各因素对红色素提取效果的影响程度依次为液田比>温度>功率>时间;最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间50 min,提取温度50℃,液固比15 mL/g,超声功率800 W.超声波对盐地碱蓬红色素的提取具有一定的促进作用.     

斯氏油脂酵母降解百草枯的效率及影响因素

本文研究了温度、pH值、葡萄糖浓度对斯氏油脂酵母降解百草枯的影响。结果表明在温度为30℃,pH值6~7,葡萄糖浓度大于6%的培养条件下,斯氏油脂酵母降解百草枯的效率最高。斯氏油脂酵母在无氮培养基中的生长速度与百草枯的降解效率呈正相关。     

唐古特白刺红色素的提取工艺及稳定性研究

通过正交实验探讨了唐古特白刺红色素的最佳提取工艺并对其稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：在85℃下用1％盐酸．60％乙醇溶液,以1：40的料液比,回流提取2次,每次40min,提取效果最好;白剌红色素对热、光照、碳水化合物、大部分金属离子的稳定性较好,在酸性条件下稳定。本实验为白刺红色素的开发,白刺果实的综合利用提供了理论依据和实用技术。     

真菌DWL-C010的鉴定及其可溶性红色素热稳定性分析

从广西大王岭自然保护区内原始森林土壤中分离得到一株能够产可溶性红色素真菌 DWL-C010,通过形态特征和多基因位点系统发育分析对其进行了鉴定,并分析了该菌红色素的热稳定性,同时还测定了其纤维素半纤维酶和糖化酶酶活。结果表明,菌株 DWL-C010 形态特征与白二轮蓝状菌基本一致,且其 ITS、RBP2、RBP1 和 Ben A 序列与白二轮篮状菌 CBS133440T相应序列的一致性均高达 99%,Ca M 序列相似性为 96%,并且在系统发育树中二者均聚在了一起,故将其鉴定为白二轮篮状菌。菌株DWL-C010 红色素具有较好的热稳定性,其不同温度下的热解常数与时间具有良好的线性关系,符合一级动力学模型 ;依赖温度的热降解常数也符合 Arrhenius 模型,其活化能为 51.82 k J·mol-1。此外,菌株 DWL-C010 第 6 天的木聚糖酶、纤维素内切酶及糖化酶酶活依次为 33.098、1.880 和 0.976 U/m L。     

真菌DWL-C010的鉴定及其可溶性红色素热稳定性分析

从广西大王岭自然保护区内原始森林土壤中分离得到一株能够产可溶性红色素真菌DWL-C010,通过形态特征和多基因位点系统发育分析对其进行了鉴定,并分析了该菌红色素的热稳定性,同时还测定了其纤维素半纤维酶和糖化酶酶活。结果表明,菌株DWL-C010形态特征与白二轮蓝状菌基本一致,且其ITS、RBP2、RBP1和Ben A序列与白二轮篮状菌CBS133440T相应序列的一致性均高达99%,Ca M序列一致性为96%,并且在系统发育树中二者均聚在了一起,故将其鉴定为白二轮篮状菌。菌株DWL-C010红色素具有较好的热稳定性,其不同温度下的热解常数与时间具有良好的线性关系,符合一级动力学模型;依赖温度的热降解常数也符合Arrhenius模型,其活化能为51.82 k J·mol-1。此外,菌株DWL-C010第6天的木聚糖酶、纤维素内切酶及糖化酶酶活依次为33.098、1.880和0.976 U/m L。     

紫外线诱变选育聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）高降解活性菌株

以PBS降解菌HJ03（Alternariasp．）为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变,透明圈初筛及PBS薄膜复筛,获得一株降解能力增强且对温度和pH耐受力均得到提高的突变株HJ10。与出发菌株相比,HJ10在培养初期气生菌丝少,而培养7d时菌落致密且生长速度较快。经过连续继代培养7代后发现,突变株的降解活力保持了良好的遗传稳定性,其降解率较出发菌株提高百分比达14．4％以上;在最适降解温度范围内（25℃～30℃）和不适宜降解的温度条件下突变菌株Ⅻ10的降解率均高于出发菌株;各pH条件下,突变株对PBS的降解能力明显优于出发菌株,尤其在pH5．0时降解率提高了22．80％。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细