油品腐蚀性阻抗谱检测技术及仪器研究

设计了一种金属叉指电容传感器,以腐蚀产物在传感器上沉积对叉指传感器阻抗特性的影响,建立了基于阻抗谱技术的油品腐蚀性能检测技术及仪器。通过对喷气燃料铜片腐蚀试验的应用研究,证明新的检测技术优于目前常规油品腐蚀性能检测方法。     

海洋金属腐蚀监检测电化学传感器的研制

研制了一种适用于材料海水腐蚀试验站网金属挂片腐蚀检测的电化学传感器,设计了弹性固定装置,并应用所研制的传感器,对于碳钢试片在35%NaCl溶液中进行了测试,结果表明,传感器能够如实地反映试     

阶梯型Fe-C膜光纤腐蚀传感器的传感规律

为了增大金属敏感膜光纤腐蚀传感器的检测范围,提高传感器的检测能力,本文采用磁控溅射的方法在除去包层的多模光纤纤芯上制备了导电层,然后通过电镀的方法,制备了具有单层和阶梯型结构的Fe-C膜光纤腐蚀传感器,通过SEM、XRD等方法对Fe-C膜的微观结构进行了分析。通过光学测试,研究了光纤腐蚀传感器输出光强度的变化规律。结果表明,当Fe-C膜的厚度大于一个临界值时,膜腐蚀的初期光输出强度无明显变化,而小于临界值时,随腐蚀的发展,输出光强度逐渐增大。所考察的二层阶梯型Fe-C膜光纤腐蚀传感器在腐蚀检测时,具有两个光输出强度逐渐增大的过程。     

用于大气环境的电化学传感器的腐蚀性能研究

构造了一种用于监测大气腐蚀的金属材料的电化学传感器,分别选用低合金钢和铜导电漆两种具有不同电位的金属材料,基于电偶腐蚀原理组成传感器的两个电极,两个电极之间以薄的有机硅绝缘膜相隔,传感器与大气薄液膜介质形成一个电化学腐蚀系统。在两个金属电极之间有液膜产成时,就会形成一个腐蚀电池,并产生电偶腐蚀电流,通过监测这种电偶电流以反映环境中材料的腐蚀状态。本文采用新型电化学传感器,同时借助电化学工作站和高精度电子天平,研究了绝缘膜厚度、液膜厚度、温度、相对湿度及阴阳极面积比等因素对电偶电流的影响规律,并证实了新型电化学传感器具有很高的灵敏度,可用于薄液膜下大气腐蚀的监测。     

水环境中焊接件腐蚀电化学传感器的研制

研制了一种可用于检测水环境中焊接件焊缝与母材不同部位腐蚀状况的电化学传感器,分别设计了适合对接和角接焊缝腐蚀检测的两种传感器.运用局部封闭原理,测试时传感器与待测构件表面形成临时封闭的电解池.利用磁铁将传感器固定在待测件表面.实验验证了封闭电流的能力.并应用所研制的传感器对3.5%NaCl溶液中模拟焊接试样的焊缝及母材不同部位进行了测试.结果表明,焊缝和母材的极化阻力随时间呈现出不同的变化规律,EIS测试结果也存在明显的区别.结果表明,研制的传感器可以很好地区分出焊接件不同部位的腐蚀状况.     

大气腐蚀监测传感器的研究与应用

通过实验室盐雾试验和沈阳地区户外大气环境中的现场试验研究了电极间绝缘膜厚度对双电极原电池传感器可靠性及测量敏感性的影响,及其在户外大气环境中的实用性。结果表明:适用于长期户外现场监测的传感器的最佳绝缘膜厚度为0.3～0.5mm;传感器监测结果与腐蚀挂片测试结果具有很好的线性相关性;传感器可以很好地应用于户外大气环境的腐蚀监测和研究。     

重金属钒腐蚀的研究进展

以含V渣油为燃料的高温设备的灰份能引起金属材料 的加速腐蚀而遭破坏.腐蚀的发生与油灰中含有的杂质有关.对这种钒腐蚀已进行了大量的研 究工作,并取得了相当的进展.但到目前,关于钒腐蚀机理还没有统一的认识,并且也没有找到 一种经济有效的防护方法.本文总结了以往的研究成果,希望能加深对钒腐蚀问题的认识,为 以后的研究工作做参考.     

第14届国际腐蚀会议（ICC）的学术论文综述

1999年9月27日～10月1日,在南非开普顿(Cape Town)举行的第14届国际腐蚀会议,共有40多个国家和地区的330多位科技工作者参加.有5篇论文在大会上作报告;290篇论文分别在5个分会场上报告;47篇论文以墙报形式交流.现分别作如下介绍.1 大会报告1.1 日本东京大学Tadashi Shinohara教授的报告Tadashi Shinohara教授报告的题目为《应用大气腐蚀监测器(ACM)型的腐蚀传感器评价海洋大气的腐蚀性).这种传感器由Fe-Ag电偶组成,其输出电流I随时间的变化;以及相对湿度(RH)及温度随时间的变化,均自动记录.依据这些数据以及其它校正曲线,可导出雨期T_(rain)、干期T_(dry),及露期T_(dew),沉积盐量W_s,从而导出不同钢材在不同地点的“腐蚀性”(Corrosivity).此传感器每月更换一次.     

混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀智能监测技术

对混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀监测技术的研究成果进行了综述，同时指出传统监测手段的不足之处，并提出了智能监测技术的要求；着重分析了钢筋腐蚀监测光纤传感器和无线传感器的研究进展，并展望了混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀智能监测技术的发展方向.     

腐蚀监测技术在长岭气田高含CO2气井中的应用

就长岭气田气井高腐蚀环境的特点,结合现场实践,有针对性地进行了气井腐蚀规律监测技术研究,多手段结合,进一步评价了目前的防腐蚀技术措施。腐蚀监测为气田长期安全高效开发起到积极作用。     

Corrosion monitoring and materials selection for automotive environments by using Atmospheric Corrosion Monitor (ACM) sensor

Severity of corrosion damage in automobiles depends on use environments and parts. Corrosion life prediction is a key technology for the optimum selection of materials. The Fe–Ag type Atmospheric Corrosion Monitor (ACM) sensor has been the object of many studies from this viewpoint. In the present study, ACMs were installed on various parts of a monitoring test vehicle and the corrosivity of the environments of those parts was evaluated. To simulate different use environments, pure water and salt water were sprayed on the right and left halves of the vehicle body. The corrosion behavior in each part was characterized by the output of the ACM sensor against atmospheric parameters and driving history. Corrosion of test coupons (cold-rolled steel, Zn-coated steel) was also measured at the same positions. The corrosion rates of these exposure test specimens showed a good correlation with the average daily charge calculated from the sensor output. These results demonstrated the possibility of corrosion life prediction and materials selection based on ACM monitoring results. It was concluded that ACM monitoring is applicable to corrosivity evaluation of automotive environments, including both specific parts of automobiles and automobile use environments.     

Comparative investigation on copper atmospheric corrosion by electrochemical impedance and electrical resistance sensors

Electrochemical impedance (EIS) and thin electrical resistance (ER) sensors were invented for atmospheric corrosion measurement of copper (Cu) during cyclic wetting–drying/high–low temperature tests and field exposure tests. Three-month field exposure results showed that average corrosion rate of Cu measured by ER sensor was well in accordance with that by weight loss method. During cyclic wetting–drying test, EIS was proven to reflect sensitively time of wetting and drying on the surface of sensor. Although corrosion rate obtained from EIS had a similar tendency to that obtained from ER sensors, the former was more dependent on environmental humidity than the latter. When relative humidity was low than 60%, corrosion rate of Cu measured by EIS was much lower than that by weight loss method, mainly attributing to the fact that impedance sensor failed to detect corrosion current of interlaced Cu electrodes due to the breakdown of conductive passage composed of absorbed thin liquid film under low humidity condition. Promisingly, ER sensor was proven to be more suitable for atmospheric corrosion monitoring than electrochemical techniques because it could sensitively monitor thickness loss of Cu foil according to the Ohmic law, no matter how dry or wet the sensor surface is.     

The formation of pure aluminium corrosion sensing film on fiber and its electrochemical performance

Recently, more and more attention has been put on the research of taking advantages of a fiber sensor on corrosion monitoring, because of its small volume, low weight, quick response, and excellent electromagnetism disturbing resistance etc. But a report about the application of fiber optical sensor is hardly found. In this paper, with the technology of vacuum sputter, pure aluminum corrosion sensing film was directly deposited on the core of fiber corroded away clad. Metallographic Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the structure of the film. It shows that the thickness of the pure aluminum corrosion sensing film is about 14.65 μm, and the film is distributed even and firm. Galvanostatic step were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance in NaCl solution with different concentrations (0.001–0.1 mol/L). The result shows that the corrosion resistance of the sensing film is similar to that of industrial pure aluminum in NaCl solution with the concentration less than 0.1 mol/L. The work in this paper contributes to the research of fiber optical corrosion sensor for monitoring corrosion of aluminum.     

环境因素诱导入井管具的腐蚀

对于同一口油井来说,腐蚀介质基本一致,但是井下油井管各部位的腐蚀差异却较大,这主要是环境因素造成的.本文讨论环境因素引起的杂散电流腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀、电偶腐蚀和应力腐蚀.这些腐蚀现象在油气田开发过程普遍存在.入井管具较多,因材质存在一定的差异,电位差较大的局部区域出现较严重的电偶腐蚀.在其连接处可能发生缝隙腐蚀,钻杆加厚过渡带的残余应力将诱发应力腐蚀.希望本文的讨论为油田开发的相关设计和决策提供一定的参考依据.     

基于云平台的管道腐蚀远程在线监测系统

为实现油气井口装置管道腐蚀情况的远程在线监测,针对压电超声耦合、传感器安装、信号传输存储分析等关键问题,提出了基于云平台的管道腐蚀远程在线监测方法。研发了可进行液-固转变的干耦合剂,保证了良好的耦合效果。针对管道结构与长程监测需求,研究了压电传感网络布点、定位与固定方法。针对复数信号传输、存储、分析等问题,提出了基于云平台的B/S(浏览器/服务器)架构。最后结合现场实际工况,开发出了多通道管道腐蚀在线远程监测系统。现场近1a的户外测试表明,该系统稳定可靠,各项指标均满足管道腐蚀监测需求,为油气井口装置的安全生产奠定了智能运维基础。     

The monitoring of galvanic corrosion behaviour caused by mineral deposit in pipeline working conditions using ring form electronic resistance sensor system

In this paper, a ring form electronic resistance (ER) sensor system was developed for the study of under-deposit corrosion (UDC) caused by mineral deposit in pipeline conditions. The corrosion status of different locations along the pipeline circle direction and the galvanic current between the deposit-covered area and the bare steel area were monitored by the conjunction of the ER method and electrochemical noise technique. The performance of inhibitor ethylene diamine tetra methylene phosphonic acid sodium (EDTMPS) on UDC was studied by both the electrochemical method and the ring form ER sensor system. The measurement results demonstrated that the inhomogeneous distribution of the rust layer will cause heterogeneous corrosion patterns in the pipeline. Though EDTMPS showed an excellent inhibition effect for the corrosion of both deposit-covered steel and bare steel in electrochemical tests, it failed for the inhibition of UDC in the pipeline working conditions and serious localised corrosion beneath the sand particle was monitored by the sensor system.     

Critical chloride content and its influence on service life predictions

In service life predictions of concrete structures in marine environment, the critical chloride content is a crucial parameter. However, there is a lack of reliable data for this parameter. This paper presents a statistical model for the critical chloride content derived from measurements based on corrosion sensors installed in a 37 years old jetty. For each corrosion sensor location, the chloride content at different sensor rings is found from the chloride profile obtained from detailed profile grinding of the concrete core drilled out before installation of each sensor. The critical chloride content for each sensor location is then obtained by comparing the chloride profile with the sensor reading at the depth of depassivation. Further, the influence of the critical chloride content on the calculated service life is studied. From the probabilistic service life calculations, it is found that the service life increases from 50 to 100 years if the characteristic value of the critical chloride content increases from 0.34 to 0.67% (by weight of cement).     

气相防锈材料的开发与应用

阐述了以气相缓蚀剂为基础的气相防锈材料的开发现状,讨论气相防锈塑料、气相防锈干燥剂、气相防锈涂料、迁移型钢筋阻锈剂等几种气相防锈新材料的特点和应用前景,展望了气相防锈材料应用开发的方向。