腹腔镜联合内镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜联合内镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的手术方式及年龄的关系。方法利用腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜,碎石网篮来治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石。结果207例术前诊断胆总管结石先行十二指肠乳头切开取石再行LC;23例LC术后发现胆总管结石行EST。全部病例治愈。无严重并发症。结论胆囊结石合并胆总管结石先行十二指肠乳头切开取石再行LC,具有明显的优势,无明显年龄限制。     

腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床观察

目的探讨腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析95例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人行腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗的临床资料。结果本组63例先行十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)治疗,其中59例成功行EST+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC),但术中并发十二指肠乳头少量出血2例,术后发生胆道感染1例,出现可疑十二指肠漏1例;4例EST取石失败后1周内改开腹手术,术后并发腹腔感染1例,胆漏1例。23例顺利行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术,其中腹腔镜胆囊管探查取石5例,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石18例。9例因疑诊胆总管结石而先行LC,术后2~4 d再行EST。术后随访6~12个月,均未出现反流性胆管炎、乳头狭窄等并发症,无胆管结石残留。结论腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石效果满意。     

十二指肠镜、腹腔镜同期治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石

目的 探讨十二指肠镜、腹腔镜同期治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石的疗效. 方法 对58例胆囊结石合并胆管结石先行十二指肠镜乳头切开(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)取石,取石成功后同期完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC). 结果 58例中成功56例(96.6%),另2例1例结石不能完全取净、1例插管失败均改为LC联合术中电子胆道镜取石成功.56例成功者中EST出血1例,急性水肿性胰腺炎2例,腹腔穿刺孔感染1例,总的并发症发生率为7.1%(4/56).1例胆总管结石残余经十二指肠镜再次取石成功. 结论 十二指肠镜、腹腔镜同期治疗胆囊结石合并胆管结石是一种安全可靠、疗效确切的微创治疗方法.     

十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗老年胆囊结石伴胆总管结石

目的探讨经内镜乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗老年人胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法回顾分析我院采用EST联合LC序贯治疗66例老年胆囊结石并胆总管结石患者的临床资料。结果十二指肠镜下胆总管结石取石成功率92.4%(61/66)。LC成功率93.2%(55/59)。EST+LC成功病例总住院时间8~27 d,平均13.5 d。本组18例EST后出现轻型胰腺炎,经保守治疗后好转,未出现其他严重并发症。结论 EST联合LC治疗老年人胆囊结石合并胆总管结石具有创伤小、恢复快、术后生活质量高等优点,是一种安全、有效、可行的微创手术方式。     

“三镜”联合治疗胆囊合并胆总管结石75例临床分析

目的探讨经十二指肠镜胆管逆行造影/Oddis括约肌切开取石(ERCP/EST)+腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石(LCBDE)联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果和应用价值。方法采用ERCP/EST+LC+LCBDE联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石75例,ERCP/EST术后2~5天行LC或LC+LCBDE。结果成功实施ERCP/EST+ENBD+LC 57例,实施ERCP+ENBD+LCBDE+LC 14例,实施LC+LCBDE+T管引流术3例,LC中转开腹1例,ERCP+EST+ENBD术后高淀粉酶血症8例,经内科保守治疗,未发现胰腺炎及十二指肠乳头出血病例,随访6~24个月,均未见明显反流性胆管炎症状及结石复发,未发现胆管狭窄表现。结论 ERCP/EST+LC+LCBDE联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石能达到与开腹手术相同的效果,而且具有微创的特点。     

三镜联合在治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石中的应用

目的 总结十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜及胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的经验.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月~2012年12月应用三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石56例的临床资料.胆囊结石均多发,直径0.6~3.5 cm.胆总管结石1~3枚,直径0.5~2.6 cm.先行内镜乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）取尽结石,2~3天行LC.如EST取石失败,立即改行LC联合腹腔镜胆总管探查术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE）.结果 56例手术均获得成功,其中行EST联合LC 37例,LC联合LCBDE 19例（经胆囊管探查取石8例,经胆总管探查取石并置T管引流11例）.无中转开腹及严重并发症发生.随访6~12个月,无结石复发.结论 三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全可靠,创伤小,恢复快,可作为首选方式.     

胆总管结石的微创治疗

目的探讨微创治疗胆总管结石的效果。方法 2007年1月～2009年1月,对126例胆总管结石采用微创治疗方法。对胆总管结石直径1.0cm,结石数目1～3枚的胆囊结石合并胆总管结石、胆总管结石以及腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)术后胆总管结石患者先行ERCP,证实胆总管结石后行EST,网篮取石,球囊清理胆管,造影证实无残留结石。对操作次数多、胆汁黏稠、有残渣、乳头术后水肿可能性大的病例放置鼻胆管引流(ENBD)。对胆总管结石直径≥1.0cm且≤2.0cm的单发或多发结石或经EST取石失败者行LC,腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石,联合使用胆道镜行网篮取石,胆总管置T管引流。结石2～3cm者腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石,T管引流。结果 83例先行ERCP、EST者中,76例取石成功,4例网篮取石困难,未能取出结石,1例有结石残留(这5例于EST后4～6d行LC、腹腔镜胆总管切开胆道镜网篮取石、T管引流术成功),1例ERCP时十二指肠穿孔,1例网篮嵌顿于十二指肠乳头,急诊开腹。43例直接行LC、腹腔镜胆总管切开胆道镜网篮取石、T管引流术,均获成功。91例随访6～12个月,失访35例,无胆道感染、胆道狭窄、残余结石等并发症,未发现结石复发。结论 EST后LC是理想的治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的方法 ,但要严格掌握适应证。     

十二指肠镜腹腔镜联合应用治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石168例体会

胆囊结石是临床上最常见的疾病之一,有10%～20%合并胆总管结石[1].经十二指肠镜乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)或十二指肠乳头括约肌球囊扩张(endoscopic papillary ballon sphincteroplastry dilatation,EPBD)及腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic cholecystecromy,LC)联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,可以发挥微创的优势,使大多数胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的患者避免了开腹手术.我院对2008年1月至2012年3月收治的168例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的患者,均先行EST或EPBD取石,再行LC切除胆囊,取得满意疗效,报道如下.     

腹腔镜十二指肠镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜十二指肠镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果和安全性。方法1998年5月～2008年7月,应用内镜下十二指肠乳头切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）与腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）联合成功治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石459例。首先行ERCP,证实胆总管结石后行EST,网篮或气囊导管取石,必要时放置鼻胆管引流,血、尿淀粉酶正常,无发热、腹痛后l～5天内在全麻下行LC。结果成功完成内镜胆管取石及LC共438例,成功率95.4%;19例内镜取石未成功而行开腹手术;2例因无法耐受改为保守治疗。术后并发高淀粉酶血症73例,轻型胰腺炎32例,上消化道出血4例。252例术后随访3～6个月,无逆行胆管炎、EST后乳头狭窄等并发症,无胆管结石残留。结论腹腔镜十二指肠镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全可行,创伤小。     

三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的探讨三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2015年5月三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石75例的临床资料。38例行十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜手术,37例行腹腔镜联合胆道镜手术。结果 38例十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜治疗中,34例乳头括约肌切开(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)或球囊扩张(endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation,EPBD)取石成功,术后3~5天行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC),其中1例中转开腹;3例EST取石失败,行内镜鼻胆管引流(endoscopic nasobilliary drainage,ENBD),术后3~7天行腹腔镜联合胆道镜手术;1例因结石嵌顿于十二指肠大乳头中转开腹手术。40例腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗(包括3例EST取石失败行ENBD者)中,38例手术成功,其中5例胆总管一期缝合,33例T管引流,术后胆漏2例,胆总管残余结石3例;2例中转开腹。71例随访1~3年,平均1.5年,无胆总管狭窄,1例结石复发。结论三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全有效,能够在基层医院推广。     

同期腹腔镜、胆管镜、十二指肠镜多入路治疗胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石71例

目的总结运用同期三镜（腹腔镜、胆管镜、十二指肠镜）多入路手术治疗胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石的临床经验。方法回顾性分析我院2001年2月至2013年12月期间施行腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）＋术中胆管镜下取石术及液电碎石术＋术中十二指肠镜下乳头切开术治疗71例胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石患者的临床资料。首先完成LC后,经胆囊管残端切口插入输尿管导管或斑马导丝并经胆总管下端进入十二指肠腔。在输尿管导管指引下,经胆囊管残端扩张、经汇合处切口、经胆囊管与胆总管联合切口或经胆总管直接切口,插入胆管镜进入胆总管腔内用取石网取石或液电碎石。然后,经口插入十二指肠镜至十二指肠乳头,针刀在输尿管导管指引下对乳头施行切开术,继续用十二指肠镜取石网取石。结果同期三镜治疗胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石71例,胆总管内径为4～8 mm。经胆囊管途径延长切口放置导管59例,经胆总管切口途径放置导管22例（其中10例因经胆囊管途径插入输尿管导管能够成功进入胆总管末端或十二指肠腔,但不能引导进入十二指肠上段胆总管腔内而失败,从而改为从十二指肠上段胆总管前壁另做一条纵行切口进入胆总管腔内）。经胆管镜下取净胆总管结石64例,联合十二指肠镜下取净胆总管结石7例。71例均取净胆总管结石。无中转开腹。术后发生胆汁漏5例,轻症胰腺炎1例。无胆管残留结石,无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、大出血、重症胰腺炎等并发症,无死亡。结论只要病例选择合适,同期三镜多入路手术治疗胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石可行、有效和安全。     

经皮胆总管探查内置管内引流术治疗胆道多发结石

目的 探讨经皮胆总管探查、内置管内引流手术治疗胆道多发结石的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2002年3月至2010年9月解放军第四五一医院收治的962例胆总管结石患者的临床资料.全组患者均行LC,采用自制器械行胆总管探查,将内置管放置在胆总管和十二指肠内以内引流胆汁,通过十二指肠注水的膨抽试验确认内置管放入十二指肠,术后30 d经十二指肠镜拔出内置管.结果 全组患者中成功完成经皮胆总管探查、内置管内引流手术864例,中转开腹42例,中转腹腔镜胆总管T管外引流56例.864例患者手术时间为20～72 min,平均手术时间为(36±18)min;术后住院时间为(6.6±2.1)d;术后出现腹膜后腔脓肿经局部引流治疗痊愈2例,出现胆汁漏经保守治疗痊愈32例;术后30 d 862例患者通过B超检查随访,其中603例发现胆总管内置管影像,经十二指肠镜拔出内置管,1例内置管回缩胆总管经EST取出,258例内置管自然脱落.864例患者术后随访1～3年无胆管狭窄,26例胆总管复发结石经EST取出.结论 经皮胆总管探查、内置管内引流手术是治疗胆道多发结石的一种安全而简便的微创方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic percutaneous common bile duct exploration (LPCBDE) with internal draining tube placement for the treatment of cholelithiasis. Methods The clinical data of 962 patients with choledocholithiasis who were admitted to the No. 451 Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. A self-made internal draining tube was placed in the common bile duct and duodenum to drain bile internally. The correct position of the internal draining tube was comfirmed by injecting water into and draining water from duodenum. The internal draining tube was pulled out with the help of duodenoscope at 30 days after the operation. Results LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement was successfully performed on 864 patients. Forty-two patients were transferred to open surgery, and 56 patients were transferred to receive LPCBDE with T-tube drainage. The mean operation time was (36 ± 18) minutes (range, 20-72 minutes), and the length of postoperative hospital stay was (6.6 ±2.1)days. Two patients were complicated with retroperitoneal abscess and they were cured by puncture and drainage, 32 patients were complicated with bile leakage and they were cured by conservative treatment. A total of 862 patients were followed up by B ultrasound at 30 days after the operation. The internal draining tube which was confirmed in the common bile duct was extracted with duodenoscope in 603 patients; the internal draining tube which was drawn back in 1 patient was removed with endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST); the internal draining tube was removed naturally in 258 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3 years, 26 patients had recurrent cholelithiasis and they were treated by EST. Conclusions LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement is a safe and minimally invasive method for the treatment of cholelithiasis.     

腹腔镜钬激光治疗高龄胆石病的体会

目的：总结分析腹腔镜、纤维胆道镜联合钬激光治疗高龄胆石病患者的临床经验。方法2011年1月－2013年12月,对38例高龄胆石病患者行腹腔镜、纤维胆道镜联合钬激光碎石治疗。其中胆囊结石9例,原发性胆总管结石7例,胆囊结石并继发性胆总管结石12例,肝内外胆管结石10例。结果38例手术均成功完成,无中转开腹,无死亡。术后并发症7例：切口感染2例,肺部感染3例,胆漏2例,均治愈。术后随访6个月～3年,平均18个月,其中26例＞12个月,无胆道残余结石。结论腹腔镜、纤维胆道镜联合钬激光碎石对于高龄胆石病患者的治疗是安全、有效的、创伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快,拓展了外科手术患者的年龄,扩大了手术人群。     

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目的探讨胆道镜、十二指肠镜治疗胆道术后残余结石及再生结石的疗效、方法回顾性分析1995-2003年，经T管窦道胆道镜治疗763例，经皮下盲袢胆道镜治疗25例，经皮经肝胆道镜治疗33例，经十二指肠镜治疗504例的经验。结果经T管窦道胆道镜结石取净率94．2％，经皮下盲袢胆道镜结石取净率92％，经皮经肝胆道镜成功率87.9％、结石取净率81．8％，经十二指肠镜胆道造影成功率94．4％，其中取石成功率89．2％，一次结石取净率82．3％，两次结石取净率86．6％。结论胆道镜、十二指肠镜治疗胆道术后残余结石及再生结石、有效、安全、微创可作为临床首选的方法。     

壶腹周围憩室和胆道结石的关系探讨

目的 探讨壶腹周围憩室（PAD）与胆道结石的关系以及内镜诊断PAD的应用价值。方法选择284例经内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）检查确诊合并有PAD的患者（PAD组）与同期经ERCP检查无PAD的患者（对照组）作为对照研究。胆道疾病根据病史、体征、给合实验室检查上超、CT以及ERCP等确诊。结果PAD组合并胆囊结石、胆总管结石、胆总管下端括约肌功能不良患者明显多于对照组,尤以胆总管结石增多为主（P<0.01）。结论PAD与胆道结石有着密切关系,PAD可能是胆道结石发生或复发的一个重要因素。     

Laparoscopic antegrade sphincterotomy. A new technique for the management of complex choledocholithiasis.

OBJECTIVE: Laparoscopic antegrade sphincterotomy represents a new technique that expands the ability of the surgeon to manage complex choledocholithiasis at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The authors describe their experience with six patients with cholelithiasis and complex common bile duct stone disease who underwent successful laparoscopic cholecystectomy and antegrade sphincterotomies. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Patients with complex choledocholithiasis have represented a technical challenge to the minimally invasive surgeon. Recently, a laparoscopic technique of antegrade biliary sphincterotomy has been reported by DePaulo in Brazil. This technique has been successful at clearing the common bile duct at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Laparoscopic antegrade sphincterotomy was performed in six patients with multiple common bile duct stones. A standard endoscopic sphincterotome was introduced antegrade via the cystic duct or common bile duct and guided through the ampulla. A side-viewing duodenoscope was used to confirm proper positioning of the sphincterotome. Then a blended current was applied until the sphincterotomy was complete. RESULTS: There was no mortality or morbidity associated with laparoscopic antegrade sphincterotomy. The mean additional operative time to complete laparoscopic antegrade sphincterotomy was 19 minutes. Three of the six patients were noted to have transient, asymptomatic elevation in serum amylase levels immediately after surgery (average 252 international units/L; normal < 115), which normalized within 72 hours. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.9 days. At a mean follow-up of 5 months (range 1 to 10 months), five patients remain asymptomatic. One individual with acquired immune deficiency syndrome had persistent symptoms, and a diagnosis of cytomegalovirus pancreatitis was eventually made. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic antegrade sphincterotomy appears to be a safe and effective technique for the management of complex biliary tract disease.     

"Sequential" treatment: is it the best alternative in cholecysto-choledochal lithiasis?

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. About 10-20% of patients with gallbladder stones may also present associated common bile duct stones. The management of the latter remains controversial because many different surgical strategies are available: laparoscopic treatment (laparoscopic common bile duct exploration), sequential endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic sphincterotomy [ERCP/ES] prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy), inverted sequential endoscopic-laparoscopic treatment (laparoscopic cholecystectomy followed by ERCP/ES), and combined endoscopic-laparoscopic treatment (laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative ERCP/ES). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sequential endoscopic-laparoscopic treatment in patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, biochemical and radiological features of 552 patients operated on for cholelithiasis from 1991 to 2001. Common bile duct stones were suspected on the basis of increased serum levels of bilirubin, GOT, GPT, GGT, alkaline phosphatase; presence of jaundice; history of pancreatitis or cholangitis; dilated common bile duct (diameter > 8 mm) or common bile duct stones at hepatobiliary ultrasonography; presence of common bile duct stones at MR-cholangiography or at i.v. cholangiography. In patients with suspected common bile duct stones, preoperative ERCP was performed; if common bile duct stones were confirmed, ES was performed. When common bile duct stones were not suspected preoperatively, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed directly. Overall morbidity, mortality and conversion rates in the two groups were evaluated. Of 552 patients admitted for cholelithiasis, 62 (11.3%) underwent preoperative ERCP for suspected common bile duct stones. In 41 patients (66.1%) common bile duct stones were identified and ES with common bile duct stone extraction was performed in 40 patients (clearance: 97.5%). The overall morbidity was 16% (10 cases of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis); no mortality occurred. The conversion rate during subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 4.8%. In the group of patients with no suspicion of common bile duct stones, the conversion rate was 4.9%. Sequential treatment cannot be considered the best approach for patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis because of its morbidity rate and the high rate of negative preoperative ERCP findings. Combined endoscopic-laparoscopic treatment seems to present more advantages, especially in term of morbidity, hospital stay and patient compliance and may, in future, be considered the treatment of choice for patients with cholecystocholedocholithiasis.     

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目的：探讨应用腹腔镜技术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎的可行性、有效性和手术方法。方法：1996～2002年收治急性胆源性胰腺炎39例，对20例有急性胆道梗阻者，行急诊或早期腹腔镜胆囊切除术．胆总管切开取石T管引流、小网膜囊腔胰腺区清创引流，术后予腹腔灌洗。对19例无胆道梗阻或经36h保守治疗胆道梗阻缓解者，待胰腺炎缓解后行延期腹腔镜确定性胆道手术。结果：急诊或早期手术的20例，18例胆总管结石取石顺利，2例探查阴性。延期手术19例，腹腔镜手术均予术中胆道造影。5例合并胆总管结石者行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石T管引流。14例胆囊结石行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。39例均治愈。结论：腹腔镜手术治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎，体现了微创手术的优点，可在一定程度上替代外科剖腹手术治疗。     

腹腔镜保胆取石并胆总管切开取石一期缝合术20例报告

目的:探讨完全腹腔镜保胆取石并胆总管切开取石一期缝合术的手术方法和应用价值。方法:总结2006年3月至2009年1月我院20例中完全腹腔镜保胆取石同时行胆总管切开取石一期缝合术的经验,胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者20例,于胆囊切开取石后缝合胆囊;切开胆总管,用胆道镜取净结石后用4-0可吸收线胆总管一期缝合。结果:2例因结石较大且嵌顿于胆总管下端,难以取出,中转开腹。18例手术获成功,均一期缝合,术后发生胆漏2例,引流10～60ml/d,持续1～4d,术后3～7d拔除腹腔引流管。手术时间120～240min,平均(180±31)min。术后住院7～10d,平均(7.0±1.3)d。患者均治愈。随访1～32个月,无结石复发,胆囊收缩功能检测为20%～30%。结论:完全腹腔镜保胆取石术同时行胆总管切开取石一期缝合术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石切实可行。     

联合应用LC与EST治疗胆囊胆总管结石

目的: 探讨联合应用腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)治疗胆囊和胆总管结石的疗效. 方法: 对18例病人术前按常规行B超或CT检查,证实为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石.11例先行LC,一个月后行ERCP检查并做EST治疗;7例先行B超、ERCP检查及EST,一周后行LC. 结果: 全组18例均获成功,无中转开腹及严重并发症. 结论: 联合应用LC和EST治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的方法切实可行,具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少、恢复快等优点.