颅内动脉瘤介入治疗围术期处理的研究

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤栓塞治疗的围手术期处理措施。方法 2002年12月~2013年5月对210例颅内动脉瘤行弹簧圈栓塞,围手术期行脱水、解痉、脑复苏、控制输液、抗血小板等治疗。结果 195例急性蛛网膜下腔出血和脑出血行全脑血管造影发现颅内动脉瘤并行急诊栓塞治疗(1例首次造影未发现动脉瘤,2 d后再次造影发现动脉瘤并成功栓塞)。围手术期死亡8例,致伤残4例,3例入院时昏迷,出院时基本恢复正常。190例平均随访43.5月(6~116个月),其中36个月130例,60个月90例:12例术后6~12个月复查发现新发及栓塞处动脉瘤扩大,行再次栓塞,复发率6.3%(12/190);GOS平均4.6分(4~5分);格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)均为15分,术前平均13分(5~15分)。结论对于蛛网膜下腔出血者,应尽快行全脑血管造影术,可明确颅内动脉瘤的诊断和栓塞治疗;加强围术期的各种管理,如脱水、腰穿、抗痉挛、抗血小板治疗等措施可以加快患者康复并减少各种并发症的发生。     

3D-CTA对颅内动脉瘤诊断的临床应用

目的 探讨3D-CTA对颅内动脉瘤诊断的临床应用.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年11月,本院49例凝是颅内动脉瘤破裂的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血病人临床资料.结果 急诊行3D-CTA检查后30例检出动脉瘤.结论 可利用3D-CTA对颅内动脉瘤作出快速诊断.     

16排螺旋CT在颅内动脉瘤术前诊断中的应用

CT血管造影（computed tomographic angiography，CTA）是螺旋CT问世后逐渐发展起来的一种无创性血管检查方法，其适应证及应用范围越来越广。近年来，随着多排螺旋CT的问世，其应用前景更为乐观，应用范围也进一步扩大。我院2002年7月～2004年12月对24例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的患者术前进行了16排螺旋CT的CTA检查，发现17例存在明确的颅内动脉瘤，2例无法确定，5例为阴性。17例诊断明确的动脉瘤，后均经手术证实。现报告如下。     

数字减影血管造影在蛛网膜下腔出血病因诊断中的应用

目的 探讨数字减影血管造影术(DSA)对自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)病因诊断的价值。方法 对120例经临床和CT诊断为SAH的患者经股动脉穿刺插管进行选择性的全脑血管DSA检查，部分病因明确病例进行栓塞治疗。回顾性对所有造影结果进行分析。结果 正常者8例(6．7％)，阳性者112例(93．3％)，其中颅内动脉瘤79例(70．5％)、血管畸形17例(15．2％)和脑动脉狭窄及闭塞16例(14．3％)，为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的主要原因。结论 DSA全脑血管造影是蛛网膜下腔出血病因的最直接和最可靠的检查方法，并能为血管内栓塞治疗或外科手术治疗提供可靠解剖形态。     

颅脑损伤合并颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的临床分析

目的探讨颅脑损伤合并颅内动脉瘤破裂出血的诊断及治疗策略。方法回顾性分析收治的3个病例,其中1例手术治疗后清醒,2例保守治疗后病情恶化自动出院。结果术后CTA检查提示动脉瘤夹闭满意,载瘤动脉通畅。结论颅脑损伤后出现与外伤不符合的颅内血肿、蛛网膜下腔出血的患者,建议尽早行头颅CTA等检查以明确是否合并颅内动脉瘤,并注意动脉瘤破裂的可能。     

多层螺旋CT血管造影对于外科处理脑动脉瘤蛛网膜下腔出血的指导作用和临床经验

目的研究多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)诊断脑动脉瘤的临床应用。方法选择我院2014年10月~2017年1月收治的60例蛛网膜下腔出血疑似脑动脉瘤患者进行的MSCTA检查的临床资料,其中15例行保守治疗;其余45例行MSCTA患者经过外科处理,包括41例经DSA血管内处理,4例经开颅手术治疗。分析CTA的诊断准确性、应用价值和作者的使用经验。结果CTA:所有患者中45例MSCTA诊断脑动脉瘤共47个,DSA及开颅术发现脑动脉瘤49个,诊断符合率为95.9%;CTA与DSA对瘤体长轴、瘤体短轴与瘤颈进行分析显示,两种检测方法的检测数据均无明显差异,P0.05。结论对于颅内动脉瘤患者采取MSCTA检测的临床意义重要,有利于显示出患者颅内动脉瘤的瘤体大小与瘤颈,诊断方法安全、可靠。     

胸腹主动脉闭塞合并多发性脑动脉瘤一例

患者男,28岁。胸腹主动脉闭塞2个月,出现"蛛网膜下腔出血"于2011年8月入院,急诊行介入治疗术中发现腹主动脉上端闭塞,进一步行主动脉CT血管造影(CTA)示:胸腹部交界处主动脉狭窄、闭塞,后改道经左颈总动脉入路行前交通动脉瘤血管栓塞术止血治疗。2011年10月中旬出现左     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血首次CTA假阴性患者28例临床分析

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血首次CTA假阴性患者的可能原因及处理方法。方法对2011-03—2015-03收治28例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血首次CTA假阴性患者的资料进行回顾分析。结果 28例患者均行头颅CT检查明确有蛛网膜下腔出血行16层CTA检查,全部阴性患者均行DSA复查。首次复查阴性患者给予抗血管痉挛药物并在三周后复查DSA,DSA结果首次检查发现动脉瘤26个,其中1例复查DSA检出2个动脉瘤。本组26例动脉瘤中,位于大脑中动脉6例,前交通动脉4例,颈内动脉-后交通动脉7例,眼动脉动脉瘤2例,后循环动脉瘤7例。26例假阴性动脉瘤最大直径3 mm。其中2例DSA检查仍为阴性,于1~3个月后再复查CTA或DSA,仍为阴性。结论对于高度怀疑动脉瘤出血的弥漫性蛛网膜下腔出血患者,及时行CTA检查,如CTA为阴性又不能完全排除动脉瘤者,等脑血管痉挛期结束后行DSA,能降低CTA假阴性率。     

自发性蛛网膜下腔出血诊断与治疗探讨

本文报告３１７例蛛网膜下腔出血，全部行血管造影。其中颅内动脉瘤７２例，４０例行动脉瘤夹闭，１８例行血管内治疗，脑血管畴形１９６例，２９例手术切除，１１０例地血管内治疗，烟雾病４９例，５例行脑室穿刺外引流，其中４例颞肌贴敷，１例颅内外动脉吻合，其余对症处理。     

脑动脉瘤手术前后的观察及护理

颅内动脉瘤是颅内动脉内腔局部的扩张动脉壁的局部脆弱,内部压力增加而引起的一种瘤状突出。颅内动脉瘤是蛛网膜下腔出血最主要、最常见的原因,许多原来认为原因不明的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血的病例中。现已查明半数以上(51％)是由于颅内动脉瘤破裂所引起的。其死亡率高达64％,近年来,由于脑血管造影技术和神经外科的不断普及和发展,颅内动脉瘤的诊断率逐渐增加,     

以蛛网膜下腔出血起病的颅内多发动脉瘤的诊治

【摘要】〓随着脑血管成像技术的广泛应用及不断提高,动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者中多发动脉瘤检出率越来越高。研究表明既往有蛛网膜下腔出血病史患者的未破裂动脉瘤破裂风险要高于无蛛网膜下腔出血病史者,对于发生动脉瘤破裂的多发动脉瘤患者除明确责任动脉瘤并首先处理外,其未破裂动脉瘤也应尽量检出并积极治疗,因此多发动脉瘤的诊断和治疗均要比单发动脉瘤复杂。     

Electrothrombosis of saccular aneurysms via endovascular approach. Part 2: Preliminary clinical experience

Fifteen patients with high-risk intracranial saccular aneurysms were treated using electrolytically detachable coils introduced via an endovascular approach. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 69 years. The most frequent clinical presentation was subarachnoid hemorrhage (eight cases). Considerable thrombosis of the aneurysm (70% to 100%) was achieved in all 15 patients, and preservation of the parent artery was obtained in 14. Although temporary neurological deterioration due to the technique was recorded in one patient, no permanent neurological deficit was observed in this series and there were no deaths. It is believed that this new technology is a viable alternative in the management of patients with high-risk intracranial saccular aneurysms. It may also play an important role in the occlusion of aneurysms in the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage.     

The role of 3D-computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) in investigation of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: comparison with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and surgical findings

Spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage is a clinical condition that may be attributed to various underlying causes, such as rupture of intracranial aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Suspected cerebrovascular abnormalities can be detected either with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or with computed tomography angiography (CTA) combined with postprocessing tools, namely multiplanar reformation, maximum intensity projection, shaded surface display, virtual endoscopy and direct volume rendering. We prospectively studied a group of 205 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. One-hundred-ninety-eight patients underwent both DSA and CTA, and formed our study group. Patients with intracranial aneurysms underwent surgical or endovascualar treatment. DSA was negative for 35 patients, detected 178/179 aneurysms and 15 AVMs. CTA correctly detected 176/179 aneurysms and all 15 cases of AVMs, whereas it was negative in 35 cases. After 3D reconstruction the size, location and the relationship to the parent vessel of the aneurysms, the extent of the AVMs with the main feeding vessel(s), nidus and draining veins were reliably shown by CTA, although DSA provided more anatomic details related to the anatomy of the adjacent vessels. The accuracy, sensitivity, positive predictive accuracy and negative predictive accuracy for CTA was 98, 97.9, 100 and 94.3% and for DSA was 99, 99.3, 100 and 98%, respectively. It is suggested that CTA is a reliable alternative to DSA in detecting intracranial aneurysms. The role of CTA in demonstrating AVMs can be considered complementary to that of DSA.     

X-ray computed tomography in a series of aneurysms of the circle of Willis

During four years, 80 patients with intracranial aneurysms were examined by a CT scanner. The CT was helpful for: The rapid and easy diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Direct visualization of intracranial aneurysms. Detecting intracerebral or intraventricular hematoma and distribution of subarachnoid clots. The limitations and pitfalls of CT were: No abnormality was seen on 16 scans (20%). The identification of the source of bleeding in multiple intracranial aneurysms.     

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of hemorrhage secondary to intracranial aneurysm. (author's transl)

In 168 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms, the pathology of intracranial hemorrhage visualized on CT was analyzed. Blood in the subarachnoid space could be visualized in 95% of cases within three days after SAH and 75% of 106 cases within two weeks after SAH. In one case blood clot in the subarachnoid space visible up to 13 days after SAH. Concerning the cases within two weeks after the bleeding, intracerebral hematomas were observed in 36% of anterior cerebral aneurysms and middle cerebral aneurysms, 16% of internal carotid aneurysms and none of vetebro-basilar aneurysms. The incidence of the intraventricular hemorrhage was as follows; vertebro-basilar, 44%; anterior cerebral, 38%; internal carotid, 28%; middle cerebral, 12%. On the basis of the pattern of distribution of extravasated blood the location of the ruptured aneurysm was properly predicted in 58% of anterior cerebral, 81% of middle cerebral, 58% of internal carotid and 30% of vertebro-basilar. Especially CT could contribute to predict which aneurysm has ruptured in patients with multiple aneurysms. It was possible to localize the site of bleeding in 11 out of 12 CT positive cases. The development of intracranial hemorrhage demonstrated by CT well correlated with the clinical grading of the patients and the clinical outcome. Patients merely showing subarachnoid hemorrhage were more likely to have good neurological grades, but ones showing complicated intracerebral hematomas and intraventricular hemorrhage had poor neurological grades at the time of the scan. The findings of extensive subarachnoid clot, which were followed by severe vasospasm, and marked intraventricular hemorrhage, usually correlated with poor prognosis. These pathology recognizable on CT was very helpful in determination of the timing of surgery and management of such patients. In conclusion CT is of great value in the examination of SAH when performed in the acute stage and should be the initial examination followed by angiography.     

The surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms based on computer tomographic angiography alone--streamlining the acute mananagement of symptomatic aneurysms

BACKGROUND: We aimed to prospectively assess the usefulness of computer tomographic angiography (CTA) in streamlining the management of symptomatic intracranial aneurysms in a tertiary neurosurgical unit, from admission to surgery. METHODS: We performed a prospective evaluation over a 2-year period of all symptomatic intracranial aneurysms managed according to a standardized departmental protocol, to assess how CTA has impacted the decision-making process pertaining to the suitability of this investigation to proceed directly to surgery. FINDINGS: A total of 90 patients with intracranial aneurysms were treated over the 2-year period. 23 (26%) underwent endovascular occlusion while 67 (74%) patients underwent a surgical clipping procedure. In the surgical group, 22 (33%) patients had their aneurysms clipped based on CTA alone, while 45 (67%) required additional conventional angiography prior to surgery. Thus around one quarter of all patients treated for symptomatic intracranial aneurysms in our unit had their aneurysm secured surgically based solely on CTA. INTERPRETATION: CTA significantly influences the acute management of symptomatic intracranial aneurysms by streamlining the decision-making process during the early and acute management of these lesions.     

Aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Most unruptured intracranial aneurysms that produce neuro-ophthalmologic signs arise from the junction of the internal carotid and posterior communicating arteries. These aneurysms typically compress the third nerve in the subarachnoid space. Compression of cranial nerves within the cavernous sinus is less common, resulting in single or multiple and often painful ocular motor nerve pareses. Unruptured aneurysms of the proximal and distal segments of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery can compress the anterior visual pathways and cause visual loss. Ocular symptoms and signs may be the presenting manifestations of intracranial aneurysms. Prompt recognition of an aneurysm prior to rupture can prevent devastating intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Moreover, visual complications are a not infrequent source of morbidity in those patients surviving acute intracranial bleeding. Recent advances in noninvasive neuroimaging and endovascular therapies facilitate early diagnosis and treatment and therefore may limit such complications.     

Anesthesia for intracranial aneurysm surgery.

Aneurysmal rupture represents the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Approximately two-thirds of persons who experience a subarachnoid hemorrhage will die or become disabled. Although advances in neurosurgical techniques, neuroanesthetic management, and neuroradiology have resulted in great progress in reducing the operative risk for patients with intracranial aneurysms, the overall outcome following subarachnoid hemorrhage remains disappointing. This article provides an overview of some current concepts related to the perioperative management of patients with intracranial aneurysms, such as the risk and management of rebleeding and vasospasm, and considerations related to the timing of surgery. The anesthetic management of these patients is reviewed, emphasizing principles relating to the facilitation of surgery--by optimizing operative conditions and minimizing the risks of intraoperative aneurysmal rupture or the aggravation of neurologic deficits--and to the provision of a smooth, stable recovery. Despite the disappointing overall prognosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage, adherence to these principles can optimize the outcome for those patients who reach the operating room.