重磁反演中的Backus-Gilbert方法

本文讨论了重磁反演中的Backus-Gilbert方法的应用.由于重磁位场公式中核函数的奇异性和观测数据有误差,给广义线性反演带来了很大的困难.为此,本文采用了正则化方法,其效果与谱展开法完全相同.而且,其法计算速度快,使用也方便.为了提高解的分辨力和降低方差,同时加快反演迭代的收敛速度,本文采用了约束条件下反演的方法.文中最后对山西运城二条剖面作了具体分析,反演了莫霍面和居里面.      

竖向地震作用对高柔结构的影响

对烟囱的震害规律进行了分析.认为地震时烟囱的破坏,竖向地震力起了很重要的作用.提出了用冲量法来计算烟囱的竖向地震作用,并以190 m 高的钢筋砼烟囱为例进行了计算.对计算结果进行了分析,并指出了烟囱设计中应注意的问题.进一步阐明了计算高柔结构和特定条件下某些结构的竖向地震作用的必要性.     

一种可操作的区域尺度地表通量定量遥感二层模型的物理基础

以修正的二层模型耦合机制,提出了PCACA算法以及理论定位算法,结合干点和湿点定标场的参数测定值,推算到4个极端的混合像元真实温度.提高了干线和湿线的定位的可靠性.并且提出了二层分层能量切割算法,算法简捷明了,具有物理基础.摆脱了难以逐个像元获取的通量阻力网参数.对平流的影响提出了新的思考.又以PCACA算法分解了混合像元的反照率.联合二层分层能量切割算法,分解了混合像元的净辐射通量.克服了传统以Beer定律分解净辐射通量的不确定性.通过反演结果的验证分析,方法是可行的也是易于操作的.在论述上述算法可操作性的同时也客观地指出了不确定性.     

受压剪应力作用闭合裂纹的光弹性研究

文中给出了受压剪应力作用闭合裂纹端部应力场的断裂力学解.提出了一种预制闭合裂纹的新方法.对闭合裂纹做了新的光弹性研究.分析了应力强度因子(SIF)及闭合裂纹表面摩擦力的变化.探讨了压剪闭合共线双裂纹之间奇异应力场的相互作用.用有限元法对压剪闭合裂纹SIF所做的计算说明,本文实验结果合理.最后,讨论了本文结果在震源研究中的某些应用.      

地磁总场测量阵列对磁性目标定位的方法

提出了用地磁总场对磁性目标定位的方法.以远场磁偶极子原理构建了地磁总场的测量阵列,设计了阵列对目标的定位算法,求解中采用二重梯度算法消除了地磁总场随时间变化和空间分布不均匀对目标定位的影响.实验验证了这种二重梯度算法的有效性.利用MATHCAD对定位算法中的非线性方程组进行了仿真,采用LINGO软件求解了阵列方程组.在松花江沿岸某地,用光泵磁传感器阵列对航行中的目标船进行了定位实验,所测磁场数据曲线与理论曲线完全吻合,证明了定位算法物理模型的正确性.提出了改进的磁场梯度偏置定位算法,进一步提高了目标定位精度.实验证明了这种地磁总场目标定位方法的可行性.     

基于．Net的WebGIS城市防震减灾服务系统

GIS在大中城市防震减灾系统中得到了广泛的应用,而建立透明开发、服务于社会公众的WebGIS服务平台尚在探索阶段.将.Net技术引入WebGIS的开发,利用SuperMap IS .Net + ASP.Net服务器组件开发技术实现了WebGIS城市防震减灾服务系统.并以西安市阎良区为例,给出了该系统的功能模块组成、各模块的设计方法及其使用效果.该系统实现了预期的设计目标,能够满足公众对防震减灾及事件应急的新需求.     

由TOPEX/Poseidon和Jason-1/2探测的1993—2012中国海海平面时空变化

海平面变化是社会经济发展和科学研究的重要内容.利用1993年1月至2012年12月共20年的TOPEX/Poseidon、Jason-1和Jason-2卫星测高数据,研究中国海海平面的时空变化.首先通过三颗卫星伴飞阶段数据得到三颗卫星之间的逐点海面高系统偏差,进行逐点海面高改正,建立了20年的中国海海面高异常时间序列.分析了中国海海面高异常空间分布,给出了1月到12月月均平均海平面异常的空间变化规律.分析了中国海海面高异常的时变规律,分别给出了年、季度和月的海面上升速率.利用小波分析研究了中国海海面高异常周期变化规律,分别给出了渤海、黄海、东海和南海的海面高变化周期.讨论了ENSO对海面高异常的影响.     

云南元谋盆地含古猿化石层古地磁年龄及古生物学意义

云南元谋盆地含古猿化石剖面磁性地层学研究表明, 小河剖面记录了Cande-Kent95古地磁年表中的C3Br.1n, C3Br.1r, C3Br.2n, C3Br.2r, C4n.1n, C4n.1r, C4n.2n和C4n.2r 8个极性段, 地层应当归属中新世晚期. 该剖面有两个主要含古猿化石层, 下层(剖面第1层)记录了C4n.2r下部, 古地磁年龄约8.2~8.1 Ma; 上层(剖面第16层)记录了C3Br.1n, 古地磁年龄约7.2~7.15 Ma. 该剖面古猿化石古地磁年龄约为8.2~7.15 Ma. 雷老剖面记录了Cande-Kent95古地磁年表中的C3Br, C3Br.1n, C3Br.1r, C3Br.2n, C3Br.2r, C4n.1n, C4n.1r, C4n.2n, C4n.2r, C4n.3n和C4n.3r 11个极性段, 地层应当归属中新世晚期. 该剖面也有两个主要含古猿化石层, 下层(剖面第3层)记录了C4n.2r, 古地磁年龄约8.2~8.1 Ma; 上层(剖面第19层)记录了C3Br中部, 古地磁年龄约7.15~7.1 Ma, 雷老剖面古猿化石古地磁年龄约为8.2~7.1 Ma. 小河剖面与雷老剖面记录的沉积环境极为相似, 两个剖面的古猿化石年龄相当, 下古猿化石层古地磁年龄约8.1~8.2 Ma, 上化石层古地磁年龄约7.2~7.1 Ma. 这可能反映了在雷老盆地与小河盆地生活的古猿有统一的活动范围. 该区域大约在8.00~7.00 MaBP间始终有古猿活动.     

岩石分形断裂的统计理论

本文研究了岩石分形断裂的统计理论.认为岩石断裂是岩石内部微裂缝成核、形成和传播的非平衡过程,导出了描述这个过程的微分方程.运用位错塞积成核机理,得到了岩石发生分形断裂的微裂缝大小的统计分布函数和平均长大速率.从理论上得出了岩石非弹性体积应变与微裂缝数目成正比,从而解释了实验室研究的结果.另外发现岩石的分维是决定岩石脆性的一个重要因素,分维值愈小,岩石愈脆.但岩石的分维值与岩石强度无明显关系.最后,从微裂缝大小的统计分布函数出发,导出了b值与岩石分维值的关系.     

藏南乌郁盆地晚新生代沉积序列的时代及其区域构造意义

青藏高原的古高度及其时代迄今仍是青藏高原研究的重大课题. 通过对乌郁剖面近 145 m水平地层的磁性地层学研究和下伏火山岩定年, 建立了乌郁盆地15~2.5 Ma时段的年代地层学框架和盆地发育历史. 研究表明, 15 Ma以来乌郁经历了3个重要的构造发展阶段. 15~8.1 Ma 期间, 乌郁盆地发生了强烈的火山构造作用, 其中包括至少3期强烈的火山喷发并使地层倾斜、 褶皱. 其后, 盆地进入较长的构造平静期, 发育了8~2.5 Ma湖相沉积序列. 2.5 Ma期间, 乌郁盆地经历了一次较强的东西向拉张, 产生了南北向断裂, 结束了湖泊沉积, 沿断裂发育了河流. 与吉隆盆地对比结果表明, 8 Ma以来喜马拉雅造山带和冈底斯造山带经历的构造作用有高度的一致性. 因此, 上述3个不同的构造阶段具有区域性意义. 研究结果为深入探讨中新世以来藏南地区古气候环境演化和高原隆升历史提供了重要的年代学依据.     

降雨对地电阻率干扰的分析

在一些地电阻率观测台站受本身台址条件的限制，观测深度较浅，因此，观测值受到降雨等气象因素的影响。本文选取昌黎台ＥＷ向１９８３－１９９４年观测资料月均值，用褶积滤波和多元回归方法对ρｓ进行了降雨校正，将将之作为一个灰箱系统，将资料外推至１９９５４上，然后与原始观测值作残差分析，取得了一定效果。     

On love waves in inhomogeneous anisotropic elastic solids

Summary This paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the existence of Love waves in non-homogeneous and transversely-isotropic elastic layer over-lying a semi-infinite isotropic elastic solid has been investigated. The frequency equation for such waves has been derived. Numerical calculations giving the velocity of such waves has been made for different layer thicknesses. In the second part, a characteristic frequency equation has been calculated considering the lower boundary of the layer to be rigid. A numerical calculations has been made in this case also to represent the variation of wave number with velocity for different mode number.     

Modeling of vertical sounding ionograms for nonmonotonous ionospheric layers

The problem of radiosignal reflection from a plane layered isotropic ionosphere has been considered. The vertical sounding ionograms for ionospheric layers with a complicated structure have been modeled. It has been demonstrated that the structure of reflected signals depends on the degree of ionospheric irregularities. Diffuse reflection of radiosignals, caused by the vertical irregularity of the ionosphere, has been detected.     

Coupled gravity dam-foundation analysis using a simplified direct method of soil-structure interaction

A time domain transient analysis of a concrete gravity dam and its foundation has been carried out in a coupled manner using finite element technique and the effect of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) has been incorporated using a simplified direct method. A two dimensional plane strain dam-foundation model has been used for the time history analysis to compute the stresses and displacements against earthquake loading considering the effect of soil-structure interaction. An effective boundary condition has been implemented by attaching dashpots to the vertical boundaries. The material damping effects have also been considered and the dam and foundation have both been modeled as linear, elastic materials. To achieve a greater degree of accuracy, the displacements and stresses calculated in the free-field analysis have also been added to those developed in the complete dam-foundation analysis. The proposed algorithm has been simulated for the case of two published problems and in both the cases the results have been found to be in close agreement. The proposed technique is quite simple and easy to implement in the computer code. The outcomes of the results show the efficacy of the developed method.     

利用积分方程法计算双侧向测井仪的井眼校正曲线

对电测井积分方程中的各积分项进行了理论推导，利用任意闭合曲面对曲面外一点所张立体角为零的特点将电势积分项由对柱体侧面的积分转化为对柱体底面的积分，从而使在纵向采用线性插值条件下给出了电势积分项的解析解．对电流积分项进行了化简，使之由曲面积分化为一维数值积分．利用所得结果计算了双侧向测井仪的井眼校正曲线．     

大型地下厂房围岩三维粘弹塑性数值模拟

目前,地下工程围岩尤其是大型岩石地下工程围岩的粘弹塑性分析研究少见报道。针对这种情况,本文根据西原粘弹塑性流变模型相关理论开发了hhu-vp流变计算软件,以用于大型岩石地下工程围岩粘弹塑性流变数值模拟分析;并以一简单算例与软件FLAC-3D比较,结果偏差在容许范围内。将其应用于水布垭大型地下洞室围岩流变研究中,对该地下洞室的施工开挖及支护处理过程进行了模拟,提出了支护处理意见,并对其运营期的长期稳定性作出了评价。     

PDR—2台网的群延迟

本文以PDR—2记录仪构成的小型数字化地震观测系统为基础,从理论上对该系统的群延迟进行了分析,同时还进行了实际测算,发现在这种具有不太复杂电子线路的短周期地震观测系统中,群延迟的数值也是可观的。文章分析了它的特性及从中发现的信息还谈到了有关测试方法。     

Seismic risk analysis for Northern Iraq

In this study the seismic risks of northern Iraq have been evaluated by a probabilistic method. The data contain about 500 earthquakes which occurred between 1840 and 1978. The epicentral locations and magnitudes of the included earthquakes have been presented. A linear relationship between magnitude and frequency has been assumed. The attenuation of intensities has been presented as a function of magnitude and epicentral distance. The seismic risk has been calculated for 225 points of the analysed area. The equiseismal maps related to a certain risk level have been plotted by using these point values of intensities, and assuming a linear variation between the points. The significance of the standard deviation of the attenuation law and the strict lower bound intensity has been investigated by sensitivity analyses. The intensity contours related to the annual return period of 50, 100 and 200 years have been presented, and also the intensity contours with an occurrence probability of 10 per cent during 50, 100 and 200 years have been drawn.     

Synthetic Model for Prediction Seismic Risk in About 10 Years

In this paper, the relation that strong earthquakes and seismo-geological conditions bear with precursory phenomena has been analyzed. The information content concerning the long-term (i.e., a decade) seismic risk that various precursors can provide has been estimated by using the quantitative judgment method. On such a basis, a synthetic probability model for predicting the strong earthquake risk in about 10 years has been suggested. With the northern part of North China used as the test region, the feasibility of the model which is used for medium-term to long-term prediction has been proved.     

Groundwater modelling to quantify the effect of water harvesting structures in Wagarwadi watershed,Parbhani district,Maharashtra, India

Marathwada Agricultural University, Pharbani, has developed about 560 hectares of Wagarwadi watershed in Pharbani district since 1987. Groundwater monitoring on 16 observations wells at weekly intervals commenced in January 1992, and rainfall and pan evaporation has been measured daily at a hydrometeorological station situated in the nearby university campus. Aquifer parameters, namely, transmissivity and specific yield, have been estimated by carrying out a pumping test on a large diameter well. Groundwater recharge resulting from rainfall has been estimated using a water balance model of the soil moisture zone considering soil zone thickness and crops grown. The SCS (Soil Conservation Service) curve number method was used for surface runoff estimation. The groundwater flow model has been constructed using the nested squares, finite difference method. Nested square meshes of sizes 160 m×160 m and 80 m×80 m have been used and the steady-state condition of aquifer system was simulated in the model assuming the June 1992 water level configuration under equilibrium conditions. The model has been calibrated for transient conditions incorporating additional seepage from the water harvesting structures and their contribution to the groundwater regime has been assessed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.