温度对高速电弧喷涂FeNiBSi/Cr_3C_2复合涂层热腐蚀性能的影响

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备出Fe Ni BSi/Cr3C2复合涂层.采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析涂层的显微结构,以及X射线衍射分析涂层相组成.试验选用摩尔比为7∶3的Na2SO4+K2SO4饱和水溶液为腐蚀介质涂刷于试样表面,并以20G钢作对比材料,在550~750℃下研究了涂层的抗热腐蚀性能.结果表明,涂层具有典型的层状结构特征,致密且连续.涂层的抗热腐蚀性能明显优于20G钢.在550和650℃下涂层表面形成了致密的氧化膜(Fe2O3,Cr2O3和Fe Cr2O4)阻碍了熔盐的侵入,提高了涂层抗热腐蚀性能.在750℃下涂层氧化膜变得不完整,不能有效地阻隔熔盐,此时涂层的抗热腐蚀性能较差.     

高速电弧喷涂FeCrNiB/Cr3C2涂层的热腐蚀行为

采用高速电弧喷涂工艺在45钢基体上制备FeCrNiB/Cr3C2涂层。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段分析了涂层微观组织和相组成。在650℃下研究了涂层的涂盐热腐蚀行为,腐蚀介质选用质量比为75∶25的Na2SO4+NaCl混合盐,并与20G钢作对比研究。结果表明,涂层具有典型的层状结构特征,致密且连续,涂层的抗热腐蚀性能都要优于20G钢。在650℃下涂层表面形成了Fe2O3、Cr2O3和FeCr2O4等致密的氧化膜,阻碍了熔盐的侵入,提高了涂层抗热腐蚀性能。     

Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的高温抗氧化和热耐腐蚀性

采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备Cr3C2-NiCr复合涂层,并对制备的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层试样进行800 ℃×100 h氧化和熔盐（Na2SO4+25 wt%NaCl）热腐蚀试验。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)分析氧化、腐蚀涂层表面和截面的成分及结构变化,探讨其高温氧化、腐蚀机理。结果表明：等离子喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层具有层状组织结构,喷涂过程中无明显相分解或氧化。高温氧化后的Cr3C2-NiCr涂层表面及层片界面形成了连续、致密的Cr2O3保护膜,涂层表现出优异的抗高温氧化性能。在热腐蚀过程中,腐蚀盐破坏了涂层表面及层片界面形成的氧化膜,腐蚀性元素沿着涂层中的孔洞及层片界面扩散到涂层内部,涂层发生“活化氧化”,耐腐蚀性较差。     

高速电弧喷涂FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层的组织及抗高温氧化性能

使用高速电弧喷涂技术在20钢样品表面制备了FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层,采用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法,对FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层的显微组织和抗高温氧化性能进行了研究,并与电弧喷涂FeMnCr/Cr3C2涂层、316L不锈钢涂层和20 钢做了对比试验.研究结果表明:三种涂层增重均明显低于20 钢;FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层氧化增重约为FeMnCr/Cr3C2涂层的1/3,略高于316L不锈钢涂层,FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层氧化后表面生成具有保护性的、致密的含Al氧化膜和Cr与Fe的复合氧化物,阻碍了涂层进一步氧化,但存在不均匀性,原因是电弧喷涂层成分的微观不均匀性和涂层中存在孔隙.     

高速电弧喷涂FeMnCrAl/Cr3 C2涂层热腐蚀行为

用高速电弧喷涂技术和自行研发的FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2粉芯丝材,在20钢样品表面制备了FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层,采用光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法,对FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层的显微组织和热腐蚀行为进行了研究,并与20钢做了对比试验研究.结果表明:FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层主要由固溶相的凝片叠加组成,中间夹杂着氧化物相、未熔颗粒相和孔隙;FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2涂层抗热腐蚀性能明显优于20钢基体,热腐蚀增重约为20钢的1/3-1/4,涂层抗腐蚀性能提高的原因主要是:涂层热腐蚀后表面生成具有保护性的、致密的含Al、Cr氧化物和Cr与Fe的复合氧化物,阻碍了涂层进一步腐蚀.     

Cr元素含量对镍基合金涂层抗热腐蚀行为的影响

采用高速电弧喷涂技术在20G钢基体表面制备三种铬含量不同的镍基合金涂层.光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等技术对涂层微观组织结构、相组成及成分进行分析.选用摩尔比为7:3的Na₂SO₄+K₂SO₄水溶液涂敷刷在涂层表面,分析涂层在650℃下的抗热腐蚀性能.结果表明,涂层的腐蚀动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律;四种涂层表面均形成了致密连续的NiO和Cr₂O₃保护膜.随着铬含量升高,涂层表面氧化膜中Cr₂O₃含量升高,NiO逐渐减少,涂层抗热腐蚀性能明显提高.Ni-30Cr,Ni-45Cr,Ni-50Cr涂层抗热腐蚀性能分别为20G钢基体的10,15和20倍;Ni-50Cr涂层抗腐蚀性能是美国Tafa 45CT材料的1.4倍.     

Al/Cr复合涂层对Ti2AlNb合金抗热腐蚀性能的影响

目的改善Ti2AlNb合金在高温腐蚀盐环境中的耐热腐蚀性能。方法在Ti2AlNb合金表面通过双层辉光等离子渗铬及磁控溅射镀铝技术制备Al/Cr复合涂层,分析涂层热腐蚀前后的微观形貌和物相组成,并探究涂覆Na2SO4盐膜的试样在不同温度下(750、850、950℃)的热腐蚀行为。结果Al/Cr复合涂层组织均匀致密,且与基体结合良好,厚度约73μm,由表及里依次由Al沉积层、Al/Cr合金层、Cr沉积层、Cr扩散层四部分组成。经不同温度Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后,Al/Cr复合涂层腐蚀程度均显著小于合金基体。涂层试样经750~850℃Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后质量变化较小,850℃腐蚀增重仅0.525 mg/cm^2,而经历950℃、40 h熔盐热腐蚀后失重达到73.571 mg/cm^2,且试样截面出现剥离、脱落现象,Al/Cr复合涂层抵抗热腐蚀能力减弱。结论具有涂层保护的试样抗热腐蚀性能明显优于合金基体。Al/Cr复合涂层在750~850℃Na2SO4盐环境中具有良好的热腐蚀抗力,而更高温度段(850~950℃)的热腐蚀抗力下降。Al/Cr复合涂层在Na2SO4盐环境中良好的抗热腐蚀性得益于涂层中Al、Cr元素氧化形成以Al2O3、Cr2O3为主的混合氧化膜,有效阻碍外界氧气及腐蚀性介质侵入基体。     

纳米TiC对高速电弧喷涂FeNiTi/Cr3C2涂层组织与性能的影响

研制适用于火电厂超临界锅炉管道抗高温冲蚀的FeNiTi/Cr3C2高速电弧喷涂材料,研究了纳米TiC对于高速电弧喷涂层组织与性能的影响。结果表明:FeNiTi/Cr3C2涂层基体相结构为含Cr、Ti元素的Fe-Ni基固溶体;添加纳米TiC可以明显提高涂层的硬度、内聚强度和结合强度;涂层表现出了良好的抗热腐蚀性能,腐蚀时间超过50h,达到20钢的15倍;添加纳米TiC的FeNiTi/Cr3C2涂层具有优良的抗高温冲蚀性能。     

高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al复合涂层高温腐蚀研究

研究了高速电弧喷涂（HVAS）的几种Fe-Al复合涂层的耐高温腐蚀行为,用SEM观察分析了腐蚀表面的形貌和成分、涂层截面的组织结构.结果表明：随温度升高,4种Fe-Al涂层的腐蚀增重都增加,添加Cr3C2比添加WC或不添加任何增强的Fe-Al涂层有更高的耐腐蚀性. Fe-Al/Cr3C2涂层外表面形成了铝和铬的氧化物,阻止了氧化的进一步进行. 关键词：高速电弧喷涂;高温腐蚀;Fe-Al涂层     

Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层的高温抗氧化和耐热腐蚀性能

采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备Cr_3C_2-NiCr复合涂层,并对制备的Cr_3C_2-Ni Cr涂层试样进行800℃×100 h氧化和熔盐(Na_2SO_4+25wt%NaCl)热腐蚀试验。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)分析氧化、腐蚀涂层表面和截面的成分及结构变化,探讨其高温氧化、腐蚀机理。结果表明:等离子喷涂Cr_3C_2-Ni Cr涂层具有层状组织结构,喷涂过程中无明显相分解或氧化。高温氧化后的Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层表面及层片界面形成了连续、致密的Cr_2O_3保护膜,涂层表现出优异的抗高温氧化性能。在热腐蚀过程中,腐蚀盐破坏了涂层表面及层片界面形成的氧化膜,腐蚀性元素沿着涂层中的孔洞及层片界面扩散到涂层内部,涂层发生"活化氧化",耐腐蚀性较差。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.