Effect of calcination temperature on characteristics of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode for lithium ion batteries

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was synthesized by sol-gel method and effect of calcination temperature on characteristics of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode was investigated. The structure and characteristics of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 were determined by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the compound LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 has layered structure with hexagonal lattice. With the increase of calcination temperature, the basicity of the material decreases, and the size of primary particle rises. The LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 calcined at 900 ℃ for 12 h shows excellent electrochemical performances with large reversible specific capacity of 157.5 mA-h/g in the voltage range of 2.75-4.30 V and good capacity retention of 94.03% after 20 charge/discharge cycles. Capacity of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 increases with enhancement of charge voltage limit, and specific discharge capacities of 179.4 mA.h/g, 203.1 mA.h/g are observed when the charge voltages limit are fixed at 4.50 V and 4.70 V, respectively.     

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2和LiNi3/8Co1/4Mn3/8O2纳米纤维的合成与电化学性能

以溶胶前驱体为纺丝液,通过静电纺丝法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2和LiNi3/8Co1/4Mn3/8O2纳米纤维.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、充放电实验对纳米纤维的形貌、结构和电化学性能进行研究.结果表明,纳米纤维的直径在150～200 nm之间,且具有典型的α-NaFeO2层状结构.LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2和LiNi3/8Co1/4Mn3/8O2纳米纤维的首次放电容量均超过170 mAh·g-1,50次循环后容量保持率在90%以上.     

AlF3对γ→α-Al2O3相变及α-Al2O3显微结构的影响

以Al(OH)3为原料,采用烧结法,运用SEM、XRD、DSC等分析技术,研究了AlF3对γ→α-Al2O3 的相变过程及α-Al2O3显微结构的影响.结果表明:AlF3 可以显著促进亚稳相氧化铝到α-Al2O3的物相转变,在没有添加剂的情况下,γ→α-Al2O3 的相变温度为1 300 ℃,在AlF3的作用下,其相变温度只有1 150 ℃.在没有添加剂的作用下,生成的α-Al2O3是蠕虫状空间网状结晶,固相传质是主要的传质形式,在AlF3的作用下,α-Al2O3是典型的片状结晶,气相传质占主导地位.     

球形LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的合成及其电化学性能

以化学共沉淀法制备的球形Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3CO3为前驱体合成了球形LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,研究LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2合成工艺对产物形貌的影响.结果表明直接以前驱体Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3CO3与Li2CO3反应合成的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的一次颗粒较大,以前驱体分解后的氧化物与Li2CO3反应合成的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的一次颗粒相对细小;合成的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2均为具有层状结构的纯相物质;球形正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2充放电过程中存在一个材料活化的过程,在前10周期充放电时,电池容量处于增加的状态;在2.7～4.3 V的电压范围内1 C倍率下电池的放电比容量达到149 mA·h/g,0.2 C倍率下为158 mA·h/g,经50次循环后容量无衰减.     

Si4+和F-掺杂对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2结构和电化学性能的影响

以Li2CO3、NiO、Co2O3、MnO2、LiF和SiO2为原料,采用机械力活化固相法制备了Si4+和F-掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co 1/3Mn1/3O2.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学性能测试等技术研究了LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的结构特征、形貌及电化学性能等.结...     

掺杂MgAl2O4的Al2O3陶瓷材料研究

将MgO以MgAl2O4的形式掺杂到Al2O3中,研究MgAl2O4的掺杂量及其在不同烧结工艺条件下,对Al2O3陶瓷烧结性能和显微结构的影响.结果显示在氧化气氛1 640℃下烧结,掺杂MgAl2O4的Al2O3陶瓷烧结性能较掺杂MgO的Al2O3陶瓷差.而在氢气氛1 640℃下烧结,掺杂MgAl2O4的Al2O3陶瓷烧结性能优于掺杂MgO的Al2O3陶瓷,Al2O3陶瓷的相对密度可达99.1%,但晶粒尺寸分布不均匀,在3 μm～7 μm之间.当采用先在氧化气氛1 450℃下一次烧结后,再在氢气氛1 640℃下进行二次烧结时,发现不仅可以获得致密掺杂MgAl2O4的Al2O3陶瓷材料,而且还可以制备出存在大量长柱状晶粒的Al2O3陶瓷.     

Fe3Ai纳米粒子增强A12O3陶瓷的制备及性能

用热压烧结法制备了纳米Fe3Al粒子增强Al2O3基复合材料.研究了1 450～1 600 ℃不同烧结温度下纳米Fe3Al的加入量与材料的致密度、力学性能及显微结构的关系.结果表明纳米Fe3Al的加入可使Al2O3晶粒的生长受到抑制, 使复合材料的烧结温度提高.Fe3Al/Al2O3纳米复合材料有良好的力学性能, 其抗弯强度最高可达832 MPa, 断裂韧性最高可达7.96 MPa*m1/2.     

Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)复合材料断裂过程中的相变及力学性能

用真空烧结方法制备了Al2O3/ZrO2(Y2O3)复合材料,分析了ZrO2(3Y)和ZrO2(2Y)含量对Al2O3基陶瓷抗弯强度、断裂韧性的影响.用XRD定量分析了含摩尔分数2%与3%Y2O3的ZrO2(2Y)与ZrO2(BY)在断裂过程中四方相转变成单斜相的相变量,用以阐明增韧机制.结果表明,在ZrO2含量为15%(体积分数)时,Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y)和Al2O3/ZrO2(2Y)复合材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧性分别达到825MPa,7.8MPa·m1/2和738MPa,6.7MPa·m1/2,两者的性能差异主要来自不同的增韧机制.     

Al2O3对CaO-B2O3-SiO2系玻璃陶瓷材料介电性能和微观结构的影响

Al2O3具有优异的电性能和物理性能,将Al2O3作为CaO-B2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃陶瓷材料的烧结助剂,能够起到良好的助烧作用.用X-Ray,SEM,TG-DTA和介电频谱测试等方法系统研究了Al2O3含量对CaO-B2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃陶瓷材料烧结性能、介电性能和微观结构等的影响.结果表明,有适量的Al2O3添加的该体系陶瓷材料能够在低温(＜900℃)烧结.烧结体在高频下具有低介电常数和低介电损耗(ε＜5,tg＜0.0013;1MHz～1.8GHz).Al2O3含量的增加使得CaO-B2O3-SiO2系玻璃陶瓷材料的烧结温度发生变化,而对烧结体的介电性能影响不大.     

低温碳热还原法合成Li3V2（PO4）3及其电化学性能

利用V2O5-nH2O湿凝胶,LiOH.H2O、NH4H2PO4和C为原料,通过低温碳热还原法合成了锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3.考察了不同合成温度、时间对产物晶形结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,当合成温度和时间分别为550℃和12 h时,所合成的Lj3V2(PO4)3样品属于纯的单斜晶系,且颗粒分布均匀.该样品以O.2 C充放电,首次放电容量为130 mAh.g-1,循环30次后容量为124 mAh.g-1.     

复相添加剂／3Y-TZP复合增韧氧化铝陶瓷的研究

利用复相添加剂和3Y-TZP的叠加作用，对氧化铝陶瓷的增韧机制和途径进行了研究。结果表明：复相添加剂有助于Al2O3／3Y-TZP复合材料中氧化铝晶粒的异向生长，其增韧效果与3Y-TZP产生了叠加效应。实验材料密度接近理论密度；抗弯强度556．35MPa；断裂韧性6．73MPa．m^1/2；综合力学性能明显提高。     

凝胶注模成型工艺制备SiCw/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的性能研究

对SiC2/Al2O3陶瓷的低粘度、高固相体积分数浓悬浮体的制备以及凝胶注模成型后坯体的性能和显微结构进行了研究,着重分析了长径比不同的2种SiC晶须及其添加量对坯体性能的影响.结果表明,坯体的相对密度、抗弯强度与SiC晶须的长径比和添加量有关,浆料的粘度随着晶须长径比和添加量的增大而增加.坯体的抗弯强度随着晶须添加量的增加呈现一种先上升后下降的趋势.凝胶注模成型后坯体结构均匀、致密,相对密度为60%,抗弯曲强度达38.5 MPa.通过显微结构观察,裂纹偏转、晶须拔出和晶须桥连是晶须增强的主要机制.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of Fe-Al/Al_2O_3 composite with Cr,Mo and Ti

1　INTRODUCTIONTheFe Alintermetalliccompoundhasaseriesofmerits[1,2 ] ,suchashighstrength ,lowdensity ,goodwearablityandlowcosts ,andithasbeenusedinsomefields .Butitshightemperaturestrengthislow er.Al2 O3ceramicsisoneofthestructuralmaterialswithwideapplication ,butboththehigherbrittlenessandlowertoughnesslimiteditsapplicationfields .Inordertogetonematerialwithbothhighstrengthandhightoughness,onenovelFe Al/Al2 O3compositewasfabricatedbytheauthors[3] .Ithasverywideap plicationprospectfori…     

Mechanical and dielectric properties of Ni/Al2O3 composites

Ni/Al2O3 composites were prepared by hot pressing approach. The relationship between their microstructure, mechanical, dielectric and magnetic properties with Ni particle content was studied. By increasing the amount of metal in the composite, the relative density and the bending strength decrease gradually. The possible reason is that non-wetting between Ni and alumina in the preparation results in weak adhesion of the Ni/A; interface. For the composites, the maximum fracture toughness is 6.4 MPa. m^1/2, which is about 25% higher than that of pure alumina ceramic. The increase in toughness of the Ni/Al2O3 composites is due to the deformation of nickel particles. The complex dielectric constant measurements indicate that the real part and the imaginary part increase greatly with the Ni content in the frequency range of 8.2-12.4 GHz. The real part and the imaginary part of complex permeability of the composites also increase with increasing Ni content.     

Al2O3—TiC—Co改性陶瓷的性能及其耐磨性

以化学沉积的方法,在陶瓷体Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＣ的表面均匀包覆一层Ｃｏ膜。混合球磨后经热压烧结的Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｔｉｃ－Ｃｏ（ＡＴＣ）改性陶瓷的强度和断裂韧性比Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ提高约４０％。并对Ａｌ２Ｏ－ＴｉＣ－Ｃｏ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ陶瓷的磨粒磨损行为、磨损机理和磨粒磨损耐磨性进行了比较。结果表明,Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ－Ｃｏ陶瓷的耐磨性明显好于Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＣ陶瓷,磨损表面呈现较多的塑性变形。     

The influence of powder characteristics on mechanical properties of Al2O3–TiC–Co ceramic materials prepared by Co‐coated Al2O3/TiC powders

Ultrafine Al₂O₃–TiC–Co (ATC) ceramic is prepared in order to improve the bending strength and fracture toughness of ceramic materials. The ultrafine Co‐coated Al₂O₃ and TiC powders have been synthesized by electroless plating at room temperature, and the composite powders were sintered by hot‐pressing to compact ATC samples. The average bending strength, average hardness and average fracture toughness values of ATC ceramic with different particle sizes and Co contents were investigated. The toughening mechanism of the ultrafine ATC ceramic was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ceramic performance testing methods. The results show that the relative density, bending strength and fracture toughness values increase remarkably with the increase of Co content. The ultrafine grain of original powders is beneficial to improve the relative density, strength and toughness values of ATC ceramic. The Co phase hinders the growth of ATC ceramic grains during sintering. The Co phase forms a three‐dimensional mesh skeleton structure during sintering, improving the fracture toughness and strength of the composite ceramic.     

Effect of rod-like grain on properties and toughening mechanism of 3Y-TZP/Al2O3 ceramics

In-situ rod-like A1203 grain was prepared by adding CAS multiphase additives under the sintering condition of 30 MPa, 1 550℃ and 1 h. The sintering behaviors, microstructure, toughening mechanism and access of Al2O3 ceramics were investigated by SEM, EDS and WDW omnipotent electronic mechanical testing machine, etc, and the crack propagating model of cylindrical crystal/3Y-TZP composite toughening Al2O3 ceramics was established. The results show that the composite additives prompt the anisotropic growth of Al2O3 grain, which strengthens toughening effect of 3Y-TZP in 3Y-TZP/Al2O3 composite ceramics. Moreover, the experimental material density is near to theoretical density, bending strength is 556.35 MPa, and fracture toughness is 6.73 MPa.m1/2. The mechanical properties of the materials are obviously improved.     

攀枝花钛精矿制取高品位氯化渣探讨

采用SPS烧结方法，通过测定密度、气孔率、硬度、抗弯强度以及组织观察，系统地研究了Al2O3对Ti3SiC2／Al2O3复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，在Ti3SiC2中添加适量Al2O3可以在强度及断裂韧性略有增加的前提下，大幅度提高材料的硬度，维氏硬度最高可达10．28GPa。当Al2O3含量过高时，材料强度、断裂韧性的下降是由于Al2O3的团聚所致。     

Al2O3对等离子喷涂Cr2O3/TiO2/Al2O3/SiO2复合陶瓷涂层性能影响研究

目的研究Al_2O_3添加量对Cr_2O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3/SiO_2四元复合陶瓷涂层性能的影响。方法采用等离子喷涂技术在油气管道X80管线钢基体表面制备出具有不同Al_2O_3含量的四元复合陶瓷涂层。另外,为探究基体温度对涂层性能的影响,所有涂层均在等离子喷枪预热及室温的两种基体上制备。所制涂层的气孔率、硬度、结合力及电化学腐蚀性能分别采用煮沸称重法、维氏硬度计、划痕仪、电化学工作站进行检测,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析不同Al_2O_3含量涂层的物相组成和形貌特征,研究Al_2O_3含量对涂层各性能的影响。结果随着Al_2O_3含量的增加,Cr_2O_3/TiO_2/Al_2O_3/SiO_2四元复合陶瓷涂层的气孔率呈现先降低后增加的趋势,相对应的四元复合陶瓷涂层的结合力、维氏硬度则先增加后降低。当Al_2O_3质量分数为60%时,四元复合陶瓷涂层的性能最优,气孔率为3.6%,硬度为824.6HV,结合力为53.8N。电化学腐蚀测试表明,Al_2O_3能增强涂层的耐腐蚀性能,Al_2O_3质量分数为60%时,涂层自腐蚀电位最高,为-0.28 V。另外,在基体预热和不预热条件下,所制涂层性能随Al_2O_3含量的变化一致,但是基体预热比不预热更有利于涂层性能的提高。结论 Al_2O_3的添加不仅能够有效降低涂层Cr含量,还能显著提升四元复合陶瓷涂层的各项性能,特别是耐腐蚀性。此外,等离子喷涂前对基体进行预热,有利于涂层性能提高。