非小细胞肺癌组织中COX-2和HIF-1α的表达及其与肿瘤血管生成的研究

目的探讨环氧化酶-2（COX-2）和缺氧诱导因子（HIF-1）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中的表达及其与肿瘤生物学特征和肿瘤血管生成的关系。方法免疫组化法检测NSCLC组织COX-2和HIF-1α的表达,并测定肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）。结果NSCLC组织中COX-2及HIF-1α阳性表达率分别为55.55%,71.11%,显著高于正常肺组织（P均〈0.05）;有淋巴结转移组COX-2阳性表达率高于无淋巴结转移组;病理分级中Ⅱ-Ⅲ级组COX-2阳性表达率高于Ⅰ级组;肺腺癌组COX-2的阳性表达率高于肺鳞癌组,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;HIF-1α的表达与淋巴结转移及临床分期有关（P均〈0.05）,与肿瘤的大小和肿瘤的分化程度无明显关系（P〉0.05）;COX-2与HIF-1α、MVD,HIF-1α与MVD的表达之间均呈正相关（r=0.417,0.673,0.448,P均〈0.01）。结论COX-2和HIF-1α的增强表达与非小细胞肺癌的浸润性发展和肿瘤血管生成有密切关系,联合检测COX-2和HIF-1α可作为判断肺癌转移潜能的重要指标。     

低氧诱导因子-1α和环氧合酶-2及血管生成素-2蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床病理意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中低氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）、环氧合酶-2（Cox-2）与血管生成素-2（Ang-2）蛋白表达的相关性及临床病理意义。方法免疫组化SP法检测NSCLC中HIF-1α、Cox-2、Ang-2表达情况。结果46例NSCLC组织中HIF-1α、COX-2、Ang-2的阳性表达率明显高于癌旁肺组织（P〈0．05），与患者的年龄、性别、吸烟史、分化程度及组织学类型无明显关系（P〉0．05）；HIF-1α和Ang-2表达与淋巴结转移无明显关系（P〉0．05），但COX-2的表达与淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）；HIF-1α的表达与COX-2、Ang-2的表达呈正相关。结论HIF-1α、Cox-2、Ang-2在NSCLC中呈过表达，HIF-1α的表达与COX-2、Ang-2的表达呈正相关，HIF-1α可能通过调控Cox-2、Ang-2的表达，与NSCLC肿瘤血管的生成及预后有关。     

COX-2、HIF-1α在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与微血管生成的关系

目的探讨环氧合酶-2（COX-2）和缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与微血管密度（MVD）的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测50例乳腺癌、20例癌旁组织中COX-2、HIF-1α蛋白的表达情况，用CD34抗体标记乳腺癌血管内皮细胞，计算MVD。结果乳腺癌组织中COX-2的阳性表达率为66％（33／50），HIF-1α的阳性表达率为60％（30／50），显著高于癌旁组织（P〈0．01），在乳腺癌组织中COX-2、HIF-1α蛋白表达之间存在显著正相关（r=0．630，P〈0．01）。COX-2、HIF-1α表达与淋巴结转移、临床分期显著相关（P〈0．05），与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小无明显相关性（P〉0．05），COX-2、HIF-1α阳性的乳腺癌组织MVD高于阴性者，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 乳腺癌组织中存在COX-2、HIF-1α的高表达。COX-2蛋白可通过诱导HIF-1α蛋白的表达上调，增强乳腺癌细胞的侵袭力，促进乳腺癌浸润、转移。     

血管内皮生长因子和基质金属蛋白酶-9在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）及基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）的表达情况,探讨VEGF及MMP-9在NSCLC侵袭和转移中的作用。方法应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测23例肺良性病变组织、30例NSCLC癌旁正常肺组织及111例NSCLC组织中VEGF及MMP-9的表达水平。结果NSCLC组织中VEGF及MMP-9的阳性表达率均高于肺良性病变组织和NSCLC癌旁正常肺组织（P〈0.05）。VEGF和MMP-9的表达随组织分化程度的降低而升高（P〈0.05）;在腺癌中MMP-9的阳性表达率高于鳞癌（P〈0.05）。VEGF和MMP-9的阳性表达率随TNM分期增高而升高（P〈0.05）,VEGF的阳性表达率随肿瘤增大而升高（P〈0.05）。有淋巴结转移者VEGF和MMP-9的阳性表达率高于无淋巴结转移者（P〈0.05）;存活1 a以内、1-3 a的患者VEGF和MMP-9的阳性表达率均高于存活3-5 a者（P〈0.05）。结论VEGF和MMP-9可能在NSCLC的侵袭和转移中发挥重要作用,可作为评估NSCLC的侵袭、转移和预后的参考指标。     

5-脂氧合酶在子宫内膜异位症中的表达及与血管生成的关系

目的探讨5-脂氧合酶（5-LOX）在子宫内膜异位症（EMs）组织中的表达情况，分析5-LOX与EMs血管生成的关系。方法采用免疫组织SABC法检测32例EMs患者在位内膜和异位内膜组织中5-LOX、VEGF的表达和MVD值，并与25例正常子宫内膜进行比较。结果5-LOX、VEGF的表达及MVD值在异位内膜组高于在位内膜组和对照组（P〈0．05），三者在在位内膜组高于对照组（P〈0．05）。在异位内膜组中，5-LOX、VEGF的表达和MVD值在Ⅲ/Ⅳ期均高于Ⅰ/Ⅱ期（P〈0．05）；5-LOX、VEGF的表达及MVD值与病情严重程度呈正相关（P〈0．05）。在异位内膜组和在位内膜组中，5-LOX与VEGF的表达、MVD值均呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论5-LOX在EMs组织中的高表达可能与EMs的发病有关，并可通过上调VEGF的表达促进EMs的新生血管的形成。     

COX-2和FHIT在非小细胞肺癌中的表达和相关性的研究

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌（non—smallcelllungcancer,NSCLC）中FHIT和COX-2蛋白的表达相关性及其与肺癌发展之间的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学sP法榆测57例NSCLC组织及6例良性病变肺组织中FHIT和COX-2蛋白的表达。结果NSCLC组织FHIT和COX-2蛋白的阳性表达率分别为22．80％和82．46％。FHIT在NSCLC组织中表达缺失,与肿瘤的组织分型、TNM分期和淋巴结转移关系密切（P〈0．05）,与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小及分化程度无关（P〉0．05）。COX-2在NSCLC组织中高表达与肿瘤的组织分型、TNM分期、肿瘤大小及分化程度和淋巴结转移关系密切（P〈0．05）,与患者的性别、年龄无关（P〉0．05）。癌组织中FHIT和COX-2蛋白的表达呈显著负相关（r=0．342,P=0．004）。结论FHIT和COX-2蛋白在非小细胞肺癌中表达成显著负相关,提示两者在非小细胞肺癌的发生发展中可能存在重要的防同作用。     

非小细胞肺癌中VEGF、PCNA及P53的表达

目的：探讨VEGF、PCNA和P53在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的表达及其生物学行为的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法，对病理确诊的62例非小细胞肺癌组织进行VEGF、PCNA和P53表达的检测。结果：62例非小细胞肺癌VEGF阳性表达率58．1％（36／62），其表达与NSCLC的组织分化程度、生存期有相关性（P〈0．05），与组织学类型、有无淋巴结转移、临床病理分期无关。P53阳性表达率46．8％（29／62），表达与肿瘤组织类型、TNM分期、有无淋巴结转移无关（P〈0．05）。PCNA阳性表达率61．0％（36／59），表达与肿瘤组织类型、TNM分期、有无淋巴结转移无关，与组织分化程度及生存期有关（P〈0．05）。结论：VEGF、PCNA和P53可作为评价非小细胞肺癌预后的重要指标。     

CD44v6在非小细胞肺癌中表达及其临床意义

目的探讨CD44v6蛋白在非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学SABC法检测65例原发性NSCLC和20例正常肺组织中CD44v6蛋白的表达水平。结果正常肺组织未见阳性表达，NSCLE组阳性表达率为69．2％，两组比较差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。其中鳞癌和腺癌的阳性表达率分别为78．1％和60．6％，差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。在NSCLC中，CD44v6在病理分级Ⅰ＋Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级的阳性表达率分别为63．6％和75．0％，两组间无显著差异（P＞0．05）。在TNM分期Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期和Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期阳性表达率分别为57．1％和83，3％；有无淋巴结转移组的阳性表达率分别为78．9％和55．6％。以上两组间比较差异均有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论CD44v6阳性表达与NSCLC的发生，临床进展及淋巴结转移密切相关，高表达者提示伴有淋巴结转移，临床已进入晚期。     

DDH与VEGF在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的研究二氢二醇脱氢酶（DDH）与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的表达情况，探讨两者与NSCLC的关系。方法运用免疫组化方法检测42例NSCLC手术标本中DDH与VEGF的表达。结果DDH与VEGF在NSCLC组织中的阳性表达率（83．3％、81．1％）较癌旁组织（34．4％、31．2％）与良性肿瘤（12．5％、18．7％）明显增强（P〈0.05）；且与淋巴结转移和临床分期有关（P〈0．05）。结论DDH与VEGF高表达可能与NSCLC发生发展有关。     

细胞凋亡、血管内皮生长因子与胃癌淋巴结转移及预后的关系

目的研究胃癌组织中细胞凋亡、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达与临床病理及预后的关系。方法采用原位DNA末端标记（TUNEL法）、免疫组化（S—P法）及组织病理学等方法,检测84例胃癌组织中细胞凋亡、VEGF的表达情况。计算出凋亡指数（AI）及VEGF阳性细胞的表达率,进行单因素和多因素COX分析。结果AI和VEGF阳性细胞的表达率与肿瘤的分化程度、TNM分期有关。低分化程度组和高TNM分期组VEGF阳性细胞的表达率明显高于高分化程度组和低TNM分期组（P〈0．01）,而其AI值明显低于高分化程度组和低TNM分期组（P〈0．01）。浸润深度超过肌层组及有淋巴结转移组VEGF阳性细胞的表达率明显高于浸润深度未超过肌层组及无淋巴结转移组（P〈0．01）,AI与浸润深度有关（P〈0．05）。单因素分析结果显示患者生存率降低与AI、VEGF、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、分化程度和浸润深度有关。将上述指标进行多因素COX分析,结果显示AI、VEGF是独立的预后因素。结论细胞凋亡和血管形成参与了胃癌的形成;VEGF与胃癌的血管形成密切相关,其阳性表达增高与胃癌的浸润及淋巴结转移有关;AI、VEGF是胃癌独立的预后因素。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

骨钙素与儿童生长发育

骨钙素是成骨细胞分泌的骨蛋白 ,骨钙素水平与成骨细胞活性成正相关 ,是一项很好的反映骨形成与骨转化的生化指标。小儿骨生长发育有自身特点 ,骨钙素水平的改变类似儿童身高生长曲线 ,可以很好地应用于评价儿童生长发育及监测生长障碍患儿对治疗的反应     

Cholesterol and Egg Intakes with Cardiometabolic and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese and Low-Income Black and White Americans

We examined the associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality among Chinese and low-income Black and White Americans. Included were 47,789 Blacks, 20,360 Whites, and 134,280 Chinese aged 40–79 years at enrollment. Multivariable Cox models with restricted cubic splines were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality outcomes using intakes of 150 mg cholesterol/day and 1 egg/week as the references. Cholesterol intake showed a nonlinear association with increased all-cause mortality and a linear association with increased cardiometabolic mortality among Black Americans: HRs (95% CIs) associated with 300 and 600 mg/day vs. 150 mg/day were 1.07 (1.03–1.11) and 1.13 (1.05–1.21) for all-cause mortality (P-linearity = 0.04, P-nonlinearity = 0.002, and P-overall < 0.001) and 1.10 (1.03–1.16) and 1.21 (1.08–1.36) for cardiometabolic mortality (P-linearity = 0.007, P-nonlinearity = 0.07, and P-overall = 0.005). Null associations with all-cause or cardiometabolic mortality were noted for White Americans (P-linearity ≥ 0.13, P-nonlinearity ≥ 0.06, and P-overall ≥ 0.05 for both). Nonlinear inverse associations were observed among Chinese: HR (95% CI) for 300 vs. 150 mg/day was 0.94 (0.92–0.97) for all-cause mortality and 0.91 (0.87–0.95) for cardiometabolic mortality, but the inverse associations disappeared with cholesterol intake > 500 mg/day (P-linearity ≥ 0.12; P-nonlinearity ≤ 0.001; P-overall < 0.001 for both). Similarly, we observed a positive association of egg intake with all-cause mortality in Black Americans, but a null association in White Americans and a nonlinear inverse association in Chinese. In conclusion, the associations of cholesterol and egg intakes with cardiometabolic and all-cause mortality may differ across ethnicities who have different dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, residual confounding remains possible.