工艺参数对钴纳米线的结构和磁性能的影响

通过调节沉积电流密度动态地控制钴纳米线择优生长方向,调节沉积液pH值观察其磁各向异性特点,并比较它们的磁性能。利用氧化铝模板直流恒电流电化学沉积方法,调节电流密度和pH值的大小,制备出一系列钴纳米线阵列,并利用XRD衍射仪和VSM振动磁强计测量其磁性能,包括矫顽力、剩磁比和各向异性的特点。通过调节电流制备出了包括[101]择优取向、[100]择优取向及非晶态等结构的一维钴纳米线阵列,重点分析了具有[101]择优取向纳米线阵列的特点;通过调节溶液pH值得出了纳米线磁各向异性的特点,实现了工艺参数对纳米线的结构和性能的控制,总结出了钴纳米线对于[101]择优晶向的易磁化规律。     

Fe-Cr纤维提取工艺与磁性研究

为解决Fe-Cr纤维提取过程中容易造成空气污染的问题,使得到的纤维具有较高的磁学性能,采用化学萃取法腐蚀掉Cu-13Fe-2Cr原位复合材料中的铜基体,制备了Fe-Cr金属纤维;通过调整硝酸与双氧水比例抑制NO2的产生;通过改变清洗方式使纤维具有较高的磁性。用SEM进行了形貌观察和成分能谱分析,用振动样品磁强计VSM作出了纤维的磁滞回线。结果表明,NO2被成功抑制,纤维的比饱和磁化强度保持在150 A.m2.kg-1左右。     

SCOR template—A simulation based dynamic supply chain analysis tool

The supply chain operations reference model model (SCOR) is developed and maintained by the Supply Chain Council (SCC). The SCOR model is a reference model that can be used to map, benchmark, and improve supply chain operations. SCOR template is a simulation based analysis tool, developed to capture the dynamics of supply chain operations. The first version of the SCOR template was presented in a previous article by Persson and Araldi (2009). Since the finalisation of the first article concerning the SCOR template, a second version of the SCOR template has been constructed and tested in at a case company; Alfa Laval at Ronneby, Sweden—a manufacturer of heat exchangers. Version 2 of the SCOR template is more complete than the previous version. More metrics were introduced and the return processes included. Emphasis has been on making supply chain analysis simple with the introduction of a new building block—the metric module. The case study at Alfa Laval has been based on data from a value stream mapping (VSM) and aimed at comparing different scenarios in the production networks for one specific product. The results of the comparison are one of the pieces of data that the company managers will use when deciding where to allocate production resources in the international production network.     

Supply chain management in the luxury industry: A first classification of companies and their strategies

This paper aims at analysing the supply management strategies in the luxury industry in order to find out (1) whether different clusters of companies could be identified within the luxury industry, on the base of a set of contingent variables derived from previous research, and (2) which supply chain strategy is currently applied within each cluster. Case study methodology is used. A sample of 15 Italian luxury companies, belonging to different industrial sectors, was taken into account.On the basis of five classification variables (company size, selling volume, product complexity, product fashionableness and brand reputation) four clusters are identified; these clusters present differences in terms of Supply Chain strategy, as well as in terms of practices for managing manufacturing, sourcing and distribution processes.     

Comparing U.S. and Japanese corporate-level operating performance using financial statement data

This study uses financial statement data restated to a similar reporting basis to compare the operating performance of U.S. and Japanese companies, identifying possible strategic and environmental explanations for the differences observed. Comparisons are made for U.S. and Japanese samples as a whole, for groups of Japanese firms (keiretsu v. nonkeiretsu), and for 11 industries. The results show that neither country appears to generate systematically higher profit margins, but that U.S. firms turnover assets other than inventory more quickly and therefore have higher rates of return on assets. More intensive examination of these results suggests that environmental factors, such as cultural or structural differences, are the primary causes of the observed differences in the data analyzed.     

Environmental scanning and organizational strategy

The purpose of this study was to test empirically the relationships between the environmental scanning activities of upper-level executives and their organizations' strategies, on the premise that executives would scan to reinforce their organization's particular basis for competing. Among the three industries studied, there were differences in the strategy–scanning link. These differences may have been attributable to different dominant environmental requirements existing in each industry.     

品牌忠诚驱动因素的区域差异分析

本文实证研究中国不同区域间消费者品牌忠诚驱动因素的差异。先根据社会经济发展水平将中国市场分为时尚之都、相对成熟区、新兴区和老少边穷区四个细分市场．然后研究不同区域间消费者品牌忠诚驱动因素的差异。研究结果显示，在现代性水平较高的区域．象征性和体验性价值对促成品牌忠诚起主要作用；而在现代性水平较低区域．功能性价值成为品牌忠诚的主要驱动因素。这一研究结论有助于深入理解中国这个新兴大市场的多样化消费行为．对企业制定差异化品牌策略具有重要参考价值。     

论生态伦理视角下的企业生态工程决策

比较系统分析了西方生态伦理思想的演变,剖析了国外生态伦理的智慧,从中寻找工业企业与生态环境兼容的决策思想依据。分析了基于生态伦理观的决策与传统决策的区别与联系,探讨了基于生态伦理的企业决策的影响因素与决策过程等。     

中国产业生态化水平的静态与动态分析——基于省际数据的实证研究

本文通过构建产业生态化水平评价指标体系,运用多种分析方法,对我国各省(直辖市、自治区)的产业生态化水平进行了静态分析与动态分析,并探讨了各地区产业生态化水平的特点、形成原因及其影响。结果表明,我国各省(直辖市、自治区)的产业生态化水平可以划分成领先区、发达区、中等区和落后区这样四大类型,进入本世纪以来四大类区域的产业生态化水平均在逐年提高,但区域之间呈现出差距不断拉大的趋势,其原因主要是发展思路与相关制度不完善、区域间经济与技术基础存在差异、产业生态化实施内容和路径上的差异、区域产业结构和产业转移造成的差异等,区域产业生态化水平差异将对我国区域经济社会发展产生严重影响。上述研究结论可为我国实施产业生态化发展提供理论依据和实证支持。     

公共预算和国有资本经营预算的运行区间比较

公共预算和国有资本经营预算是我国预算体系的两大重要组成部分,两者既相互独立又相互依存。公共财政和国有资本财政的职能范围是确定两种预算运行区间的依据。由于公共预算和国有资本经营预算在性质、职能、活动领域等方面都存在差异,这必然决定了二者有着各自不同的运行区间。文章在归纳公共财政和国有资本财政区别的基础上对公共预算和国有资本经营预算的收支结构及其规模进行分析,以期对二者的运行区间有较为清晰的认识。     

The Nearest Neighbors Appraisal Technique: An Alternative to the Adjustment Grid Methods

This study presents a new appraisal technique, dubbed the Nearest Neighbors Appraisal Technique, which vastly reduces the subjectivity of the traditional adjustment grid methods while eliminating the need to adjust for subject-comparable differences on a piecemeal basis. Any number of appraisers who apply this technique to the same property at the same point in time will get the exact same estimate of value. The technique avoids piecemeal adjustments by capturing all subject-comparable differences in a single measure. Using single-family sales data, the technique is found to be more accurate than any of the adjustment grid methods and hedonic price regression estimation procedures.     

全球价值链与中国地方产业集群的供应链式整合--以苏浙粤纺织服装产业集群为例

地方产业集群的发展不仅需要全球价值链嵌入和耦合的推动,同时集群的供应链式整合(即地方产业集群在同一地域形成完整或近乎完整的价值链)也是地方产业集群升级的关键,这样才能保证地方产业集群在与全球价值链耦合时获取价值链中高附加值、核心战略环节的竞争优势。文章阐述了全球价值链与地方产业集群的供应链整合的三种模式,并以中国纺织服装产业为实例,通过苏(横扇镇)、浙(织里镇)、粤(沙溪镇)三地的纺织服装产业集群,来分析在面对纺织服装产业“后配额时代”的到来,如何将全球价值链与进行集群供应链式整合并实现产业升级;在此基础上说明中国纺织服装产业集群在供应链式整合和嵌入全球价值链过程中所面临的障碍;最后提出地方产业集群的升级思路和途径。     

Hysteresis and export targeting

A direct and largely untested implication of hysteresis concerns the extent of market entering and leaving in response to large movements in exchange rates. This note examines, for 359 4-digit U.S. SIC industries, data on the distribution of U.S. exports by country of destination (a proxy for the number of markets served) from 1978 to 1987 and relates changes in these distributions to overall exchange rate movements. We seek to explain differences in the response across industries on the basis of differences in sunk costs. The empirical results are generally consistent with the hysteresis approach. While in periods of general dollar depreciation firms spread exports more widely across foreign markets, this effect is seen to be limited in industries with relatively large distribution and media advertising costs, for which much of the costs of establishing export networks may be sunk.     

企业信用评级与财务分析之关系研究

本文在明确了企业信用评级和财务分析概念的基础上探讨了二者的关系,通过研究发现,企业信用评级与财务分析既有必然联系又有所区别,二者相互影响相互促进,从而有利于市场经济的发展。     

Workers,Workplaces and Working Hours

This article uses the British Workplace Employee Relations Survey 1998 dataset to evaluate the importance of firm‐level factors in determining weekly hours of work in Britain, to analyse the amount of variation of hours within firms, and to assess whether workers are sorted into firms on the basis of hours. Nearly a third of the explained variation in weekly hours of work can be ascribed to firm‐level differences, which are unrelated to any observed worker characteristics. Firm‐level ‘policies’ are especially important in the private‐services sector. A further 40 per cent of variance can be attributed to the effect within firms of different occupation, skills and family characteristics. Finally, about a quarter of the explained variation in working hours is due to a sorting process of workers to firms, especially on the basis of skill and occupation.     

Performance Measurement and Incentive Plans

This paper explores performance measurement in incentive plans. On the basis of theory, we argue that differences in the nature of jobs between blue‐ and white‐collar employees lead to differences in incentive systems. We find that performance measurement for white‐collar workers is broader in terms of the performance measures, the organizational level of performance measurement, and the time horizon. The intensity of incentives is also stronger for white‐collar employees. All of these findings are consistent with theory.     

Supplier Development Responsibility and NPD Project Outcomes: The Roles of Monetary Quantification of Differences and Supporting‐Detail Gathering

Firms increasingly rely on suppliers to perform tasks in new product development (NPD). Research has only recently begun to focus on the processes to manage this supplier development responsibility, and has hardly investigated how firms collect and analyze information regarding the cost and performance of alternative supplier offerings. Our study addresses this gap, through a field survey among 144 paired samples of project leaders and cost analysts involved in the same NPD projects. On the basis of literature and qualitative research, we conceptualize a substantive model. We first use a substantive validity assessment to vet the measures for the proposed constructs. We then test the substantive model with structural equation modeling using a multiple‐sample analysis. The results strongly show that monetary quantification of differences and detail gathering play significant roles in successfully leveraging supplier development responsibility. The findings support the hypothesis that the extent of development responsibility that suppliers have leads the development team to a more focused monetary quantification of the differences in alternative supplier offerings. Monetary quantification of differences has a significant, positive effect on the extent of supporting‐detail gathering and on the development speed of the project, whereas supporting‐detail gathering has a significant, positive effect on the product advantage of the new product as well as development speed. These findings are robust across the two functional perspectives. Our study complements the literature on interfirm control and monitoring by demonstrating the effects of selective and focused output controls.     

A financial comparison of Japanese and US manufacturers

This paper compares and contrasts the financial policies of Japanese and comparable U.S. manufacturing firms on the basis of 15 financial ratios. The findings indicate that there are significant differences between these two groups in 10 out of the 15 ratios investigated.Ali M. Fatemi is with the College of Business Administration at the Kansas State University. Hossein Safizadeh and Marna Jo Young are with the Wichita State University.     

公路景观评价中AHP和模糊数学分析法的对比

AHP和模糊数学分析法是公路景观评价中常用的方法之一，通过利用AHP法和模糊数学分析法对公路景观进行评价及其对比分析，研究了公路景观存在的问题，并揭示两种方法的差异，为解决公路生态景观恢复和公路景观设计提供现实的科学依据。