浸渍粘合法制备棉丝非织造地膜及其性能表征

 通过将棉、丝纤维按不同的配比进行混合,经过梳理、成网、水刺工艺固结定型,然后在4%的明胶溶液中进行浸渍处理,实现可降解棉质非织造地膜的制备。测试该产品的强力、透水性、透湿性、降解性,采用ESEM、红外光谱、降解率等方法进行理化性能表征,分析其降解前后的性能差异。结果表明:该非织造地膜与常规农用地膜相比具有较好的物理性能、降解性,且降解后的土壤全氮含量增加较大,有利于土壤增肥。     

丝胶浸渍棉质非织造地膜的制备与表征

 将棉质半成品水刺非织造布浸渍于不同质量分数的废蚕丝制成的丝胶溶液中,通过二浸二轧工艺烘干定型,实现了可降解棉质非织造地膜的制备。通过灰色关联分析得出影响地膜强度的因素及其排序为:回潮率> 增重率> 丝胶质量分数;采用ESEM、红外光谱、降解率等方法进行理化性能表征,分析其降解前后性能差异。结果表明:浸渍涂层法中胶液质量分数为1 %时,其理化性能最佳,纵横向断裂强力分别为33 N、44 N ,回潮率为1018 %。     

麻/丝非织造布农用地膜的研制和性能分析

塑料地膜在自然界难以降解,越来越多的塑料地膜残留物也给农业生产与生态环境带来危害。采用亚麻和蚕丝纤维的纺织下脚料制备麻/丝非织造布农用地膜,通过正交试验法对其工艺参数进行优化,并对地膜的农用性能进行了测试。结果表明：亚麻与丝的质量比为96﹕4,面密度为35 g/m2,粘合剂质量分数为12%时,制成地膜的断裂强力为30 N,厚度为0.1148 mm,回潮率为6.7%,红外分析显示麻/丝非织造布地膜可完全自然降解;地膜具有较好的保温性和保墒作用,且土壤的含氮量随地膜降解而提高。     

PVA浸渍纸基棉质地膜的制备与表征

摘 要 针对普通塑料地膜严重污染环境的问题,本文选用不长于6mm的废弃棉短绒,经过除杂、制浆、抄造、烘干,然后用4%PVA胶液浸渍处理,实现可自然降解纸基棉质地膜的制备。测试试样的断裂强力、伸长率、撕裂度、耐破度、透光性,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱、降解率等方法进行理化性能表征,分析其样品降解前后的性能差异。结果表明：棉质地膜具有良好的物理机械性能,其干、湿断裂强力可达17.0N和10.6N、撕裂度2.48N、耐破度97.8Kpa、可见光透过率达68%;经过49d土埋试验后,棉质地膜的降解率达到了45.5%,说明棉质地膜具有良好的降解性。     

CMC/黄麻地膜制备工艺优化

研究了以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和黄麻落麻纤维为原料的麻地膜制备工艺。采用二次通用旋转组合设计,探索了不同制备工艺下的麻地膜性能运用Design Expert软件计算得出各工艺因子与各麻地膜性能指标之间的回归方程。建立目标函数后采用随机方向搜索法求解最优工艺参数,得到麻地膜制备的综合最优工艺为:CMC/黄麻58/42,培烘温度136℃,时间49 min。在该工艺下地膜的干、湿抗张指数分别达到15.1153、3.0947 N·m/g,湿伸长率为1.18%,透气量为56.16 mm/s,透湿量为110.129 g/(m^2·h)。地膜湿强显著提高,保熵性得到改善。     

Fleissner:使用水刺技术的气流成网复合非织造布生产线

生产医疗、卫生用非织造布及个人护理产品和化妆品主要使用棉、粘胶纤维、木浆、棉短绒、合成纤维及各种纤维的混合材料。成网可采用短纤维气流成网工艺在梳理机上进行。将几台机器组合,可生产出一系列不同的多层复合产品或三明治结构材料。短纤维的固结可采用热粘合、粘合剂粘合和水刺技术。这些方法也适用于短木浆纤维。可根据对产品的性能要求选择成网设备和固结方法。     

麻丝非织造布农用地膜的研制和性能研究

本文采用亚麻和蚕丝纤维的纺织下脚料制备了麻丝非织造布农用地膜，通过正交试验法对其工艺参数进行优化,并对地膜的农用性能进行了测试。结果表明：亚麻与丝的重量比为96﹕4，平方米克重为35g/m2，粘合剂浓度为12%时制成地膜的断裂强力为30N，厚度为0.1148mm，回潮率为6.7%，透湿率为2217g/(m2•h)，红外分析显示麻丝非织造布地膜可完全自然降解，地膜具有较好的保温性和保墒作用，且地膜降解产物能提高土壤的氮元素含量。     

β-环糊精衍生物在DP整理中的应用研究

将β-环糊精衍生物（S-CD）应用于棉织物免烫整理，以降低棉织物的强力损失。结果表明，在10％F-ECO（改性2D树脂）整理液中添加2％S-CD，整理织物的强力损伤可以得到明显改善，断裂强力保留率和撕破强力保留率均可提高29％左右。通过对S-CD浓度、焙烘温度和焙烘时间等工艺因素进行优化研究，得到S-CD改性树脂免烫整理工艺，即：10％F-ECO、2％S-CD和10％MgCl2·6H2O（对交联剂的质量百分比），温度150℃下焙烘2min。     

全棉薄织物的抗皱免烫整理

在全棉薄织物的免烫整理中,将水溶性聚氨酯交联剂与树脂复配使用,既保证薄织物的强力,又提高织物的抗皱性。通过焙烘温度、树脂用量、聚氨酯用量等因素对织物强力和平整度的影响试验,得到免烫整理工艺条件为:树脂F-ECO用量40g/L,聚氨酯50g/L,轧余率70%,烘干110℃×40s,焙烘2~3min×135℃。     

环保型纸基麻地膜的试制

对用红麻全秆试制的具有生物可降解性的纸基麻地膜进行了研究。在红麻全秆KP的卡伯值 1 7 33、粘度 982 1mL/g、打浆度 52～ 58°SR、PAE用量 1 5%、CMC用量 0 1 %、水溶性PVA用量 1 0 %、丙纶用量 5 0 %的情况下抄取手抄片 ,在 1 2 0℃下熟化 30min后 ,干裂断长 7 2 6km、湿裂断长 2 2 8km、湿干强比 (W /D ) 31 4 %、耐破指数 4 8kPa·m2 /g、撕裂指数 1 2 3mN·m2 /g、耐折度 1 0 2 2次、透气度 97mL/min。该麻地膜的干、湿强度等各项指标均可满足地膜覆盖的要求 ,可代替塑料地膜 ,并可完全生物降解 ,增加土壤有机质 ,消灭塑料地膜给土壤带来的污染     

高湿强型纸基功能性地膜的制备及性能

以废旧短棉纤维为主要原料,并在抄造过程中添加一系列助剂制备出新型的高湿强型纸基功能性地膜。研究了废棉纤维打浆度、原纸定量及助剂加入量对地膜相关性能的影响。结果表明:制备该新型纸基地膜的最佳工艺条件为:棉纤维打浆度60°SR,原纸定量为30g/m 2,阳离子淀粉用量1.3%,增强剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺用量0.7%,湿强剂P A E用量0.4%,经湿法抄造得到的纤维原纸在液体石蜡中浸渍以改善其透明度,该条件下制得的高湿强型纸基功能性地膜性能优良,撕裂指数为12.5m N.m2/g,干抗张指数为23.7N.m2/g,湿强度指数为7.9N.m2/g,湿强度保留率达到了33.4%,透明度为65.2%,透气量为1.8mm/s。     

银掺杂甘氨酸膜电极对食品中V_C的选择性测定

利用循环伏安法(CV)制备了薄而稳定的银和甘氨酸聚合物膜修饰电极,研究了VC在此电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定食品中VC的新方法。银和甘氨酸复合膜修饰电极对VC的电化学氧化具有明显的催化作用。在pH 5.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,氧化峰电流(ipa)与其浓度(c)在1.6×10-6～3.0×10-3mol/L内呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为:ipa=-8.48×10-7+0.023 c(mol/L),相关系数为0.999 9;检出限为1.2×10-7mol/L。银掺杂甘氨酸膜电极可以消除食品中一些共存物质如VA、柠檬酸和苹果酸等的干扰,修饰电极具有良好的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性,试验中用于辣椒中VC的测定,结果满意。     

胡麻双螺杆法皮杆分离后的制浆性能研究

本文主要研究双螺杆法分离胡麻韧皮部和木质部纤维所得纤维的制浆性能,以及加入NaOH等药品对其制浆性能的促进作用。结果发现,双螺杆法可使胡麻韧皮部和木质部纤维得以很好的分离(总得率可达40.4%),加入药品后韧皮部纤维100g/m2定量纸张的抗张和撕裂指数以及耐折度可达56.36 N.m/g、42.84 mN.m2/g和168次,比不加药品是高出了25%、30%和60%左右。与此同时,木质部纤维在经过磨浆处理后也可成浆,其50g/m2定量纸张的抗张和撕裂指数以及耐折度可达42.47N.m/g、5.30 mN.m2/g和10次,与不加药品相比提高了约100%、70%和200%。因此,综合可知,双螺杆法可将胡麻韧皮部和木质部纤维得以较好的分离,加入一定量NaOH等化学药品可提高其制浆性能,最终可针对两种纤维的性质,将二者进行合理利用,提高胡麻作为制浆造纸原料的利用效率。     

硅氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液整理亚麻纤维的性能

用有机硅制备硅氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液,并用于亚麻纤维织物的后整理。用红外光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、热重分析、扫描电镜、电子织物断裂强力仪和视频接触角测定仪等测试织物服用性能。结果表明,有机硅、有机氟均参与聚合反应,制备的整理剂乳液在亚麻织物表面形成薄膜,且氟、硅元素在表面富集。相比含氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液,硅氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液整理的亚麻织物热稳定性更高,疏水性明显提升,断裂强力提升9%,可达850 N,摩擦系数和弯曲刚度因有机硅的引入有所下降,表明硅氟聚丙烯酸酯乳液能改善亚麻织物的柔软性。     

基于气流成网技术的红麻/聚丙烯汽车内饰板材的研制

采用气流成网技术将红麻/聚丙烯(PP)纤维开松混合后制成纤网,以针刺、热压成型工艺制造汽车内饰板材.研究了成网过程中红麻和PP纤维的混比、成网机输送帘速度和气流成网机下风机速度等工艺参数对红麻/PP纤维复合汽车内饰板材的弯曲强度、拉伸强度和冲击强度等性能的影响.试验确定了最佳的成网工艺参数:红麻/PP纤维质量比35/6...     

新型功能聚氨酯PYX的合成及应用

本文是在以中间单体聚醚多元醇为起始剂的基础上依照聚氨酯的合成工艺和技术,合成出新型功能聚氨酯PYX,用于麻织物的功能整理,与传统的整理剂对比,在折皱恢复及强力等方面取得了优良的整理效果.     

Extraction and Characterization of Calotropis gigantea Bast Fibers as Novel Reinforcement for Composites Materials

The aim of this study is to scrutinize the use of Calotropis gigantea bast fibers as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The bast fibers were extracted from the Calotropis gigantea plant bark and some of them were treated with alkali (5 wt.%) solution. The chemical composition, physico-chemical structural properties of the untreated and the alkali treated Calotropis bast fibers were studied. The results of chemical composition analysis indicated that alkali treatment removed most of the non-cellulose materials as confirmed by the FTIR analysis. The X-ray diffraction results exhibited that the crystallinity index of the alkali treated fibers increased in comparison with the untreated fibers, which agrees with the results obtained in the mechanical tests. The tensile strength and modulus of the alkali treated fibers were found to be higher whereas the elongation at break was lower than the untreated fibers. Thermal stability of alkali treated fibers was lower than that of the untreated fiber. Scanning electron micrographs showed roughening of the surface of the fiber due to the removal of the surface impurities and non-cellulosic components on alkali treatment.It can be concluded that alkali treatment is an effective method to improve the surface and mechanical properties of Calotropis bast fibers to be used in composite materials.     

膜裂法PTFE短纤抗静电性研究

为提高PTFE短纤膜裂过程中的抗静电性能,采用抗静电剂共混和表面喷洒方式对PTFE短纤进行处理.结果表明,随着PTFE树脂中共混抗静电剂FC4400比例的增加,抗静电性能提高,但同时导致纤维强度的降低;当混和液中抗静电剂SN为1%,异丙醇超过39.6%时,表面喷洒的混和液可在PTFE片材表面形成连续薄膜,表现出较好的抗静电性能,且该方法对材料的断裂强度影响小.实际应用试验表明,通过喷洒抗静电剂的方式,可显著改善开纤过程中的纤维结团、缠辊等现象.     

The Influences of Fibre Parameters on the Tensile and Flexural Response of Lightweight Thermoplastic Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Metal Composites

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for high performance and lightweight materials has stimulated the development of alternative materials, namely fiber metal laminates (FMLs). FML is a sandwich structure which is formed by bonding the metallic layers with composite as core constituent using an adhesive agent. In this study, the mechanical behavior of FMLs with the core constituents of environmental friendly kenaf bast fiber reinforced polypropylene composites bonded with aluminum skin layers was investigated. The effects of fiber compositions (50, 60, and 70 wt.%), fiber lengths (30, 60, 90 mm), and alkali treatment on the mechanical responses of FML were investigated. The overall results revealed that the increase of fiber composition and fiber length reduces the mechanical strength of FML owing to the agglomeration of natural fibers when the fiber length exceeds the critical limit. However, the chemical treated kenaf bast fiber reinforced FML showed a significant enhancement of the mechanical properties in comparison to the non-treated fiber reinforced FML owing to the improved fiber-matrix adhesion level.     

Extraction and Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fibers from Girardinia Bullosa (Steudel) Wedd. (Ethiopian Kusha Plant)

ABSTRACT

Currently, eco-friendly products have been given great attention as the world is being polluted severely by non-biodegradable products and by-products. Different textile products have their own share in affecting the environment. This research is focused on exploring alternative bast fiber products to support the supply chain and to assess the possibility of using this fiber as a substitute to already available bast fibers. Kusha fiber was extracted and optimized from Ethiopian kusha plant stem – Girardinia bullosa (Steudel) wedd. – using caustic soda solution by varying the concentration, temperature, and time using design expert 6.0.10, quadratic model software. Tensile property, chemical composition, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fiber morphology, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the fiber were determined. Fiber characterization showed its tensile strength, and the cellulose content was equivalent to or even better than other bast fibers. Morphology of the fiber was similar to that of typical cotton with visible lumen and a slightly flat surface. Therefore, this new extracted fiber has a great potential to be used for different applications such as fiber-reinforced composites, textile furnishing, apparel, and nanocellulose extraction.