考虑摩擦和温升效应的Ti60合金流变曲线修正

采用Thermecmaster-Z型热加工模拟试验机对Ti60合金进行等温恒应变速率压缩实验,获得该合金在变形温度700~950℃,应变速率0.001~10 s^-1和真应变0.51条件下的流变曲线。通过考虑摩擦和温升效应对流动应力的影响,对Ti60合金实测流变曲线进行修正。结果表明,摩擦和温升效应对Ti60合金流动应力均具有较显著的影响,且摩擦效应随着应变的增加而增加,而温升效应随着变形温度的降低和应变速率的升高而增加。经摩擦和温升修正后的流变曲线接近于流动稳态型,它能更准确地反映Ti60合金在等温恒应变速率条件下的流动应力对真应变的动态响应。     

120°模具室温ECAP制备工业纯钛的热压缩变形行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对室温120°模具等径弯曲通道变形(ECAP)制备的平均晶粒尺寸为200nm的工业纯钛(CP-Ti)进行等温变速压缩实验,研究超细晶(UFG)工业纯钛在变形温度为298～673K和应变速率为10-3～100s-1条件下的流变行为。利用透射电子显微镜分析超细晶工业纯钛在不同变形条件下的组织演化规律。结果表明:流变应力在变形初期随应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐趋于平稳;峰值应力随温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大;随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低,应变速率敏感性指数m增加,晶粒粗化,亚晶尺寸增大,再结晶晶粒数量逐渐增加;超细晶工业纯钛热压缩变形的主要软化机制随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低由动态回复逐步转变为动态再结晶。     

半固态LY11合金的压缩变形

研究了变形温度和应变速率对半固态LY11合金变形行为和微观组织的影响.研究结果表明:在液固温度区间变形时,变形温度、应变速率对半固态LY11合金的流变应力峰值影响显著,对稳态流变应力影响较小.对微观组织的影响是:随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低,固相晶粒尺寸增大,但仍保持初始的近球状.在半固态合金的压缩过程中,随着工艺参数的变化,占主导地位的变形机制也随之变化.     

热变形参数对Ti-15-3合金显微组织的影响及预测

通过等温压缩试验和金相分析研究了热变形参数对Ti-15-3(Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al）合金固溶处理后显微组织的影响，等效晶粒尺寸随变形温度升高而增大，随变形程度和变形速率增加而减小，再结晶程度随变形温度升高而减小，随变形程度和变形速率增加而增大，采用人工神经网络的方法建立了等效晶粒尺寸及再结晶晶粒体积百分数与变形程度，变形速率和变形温度间的数学模型，预测值与实测值吻合较好，表明该方法很好地预测热变形参数对Ti-15-3合金固溶处理后显微组织的影响。     

Ti80钛合金两相区高温变形本构模型及热加工图

为了确定Ti80钛合金热变形的最佳工艺窗口,采用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机对Ti80钛合金进行了高温压缩试验,试验变形温度为850~1050 ℃,应变速率为0.05~1 s^-1。结果表明,Ti80钛合金对变形温度和应变速率极其敏感,流变应力随着应变速率的增加和变形温度的降低而显著升高,近β区的流变应力分布会发生突变。应用线性回归方法,建立Ti80钛合金的高温本构方程,计算出Ti80钛合金在两相区的变形激活能为308 kJ/mol,并基于Prasad失稳准则,建立Ti80钛合金的热加工图,最终确定在变形温度为880~930 ℃的两相区变形条件下,Ti80钛合金在高应变速率下可以充分发生动态再结晶,从而获得理想的组织性能。     

Effect of Initial Grain Size on the Dynamic Recrystallization of Hot Deformation for 3003 Aluminum Alloy

The 3003 aluminum alloys with four different initial grain sizes were deformed by isothermal compression in the range of deformation temperature 300–500 °C at strain rate 0.01–10.0 s^?1 with Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator. The results show that the smaller the initial grain size of the alloy, the greater the required deformation resistance, and the smaller the peak strain, which is conducive to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The DRX critical strain increases with the decrease of the deformation temperature or the increase of the strain rate, and the DRX volume fraction increases with the decrease of the strain rate and the increase of the deformation temperature. The average grain size of 3003 aluminum alloy after deformation is smaller than that before deformation. The smaller the initial grain size, the lower the critical recrystallization strain. So the DRX is carried out more fully, contributing to the thermoplastic deformation of the alloy.     

The effect of grain size and stability on ambient temperature tensile and creep deformation in metastable beta titanium alloys

The effect of grain size in the range of 100–500 μm on the ambient temperature tensile and creep deformation behavior was investigated in a metastable Ti–9.4 wt% Mn alloy at 95% yield stress. It was observed that, as grain size increases the creep strain increases, the slip lines become coarser and the density of slip increases. An interrupt creep test showed that new slip lines were generated with time and most of the deformation occurred during the first few hours of testing. The effect of β-phase stability was studied by comparing the creep and tensile behavior of Ti–9.4 wt% Mn in this study, with previously reported results obtained for Ti–14.8 wt% V and Ti–13.0 wt% Mn at ambient (room) temperature. The Molybdenum Equivalency, which is a measure of the stability of these alloys, are 9.9, 14.3, and 19.9, respectively. The main mode of deformation in Ti–9.4 wt% Mn alloy was observed to be slip. The modes of deformation changed with the increase in stability from slip accompanied by Stress Induced Plate formation to only slip. It was also found that metastable ω-phase was present in lower stable alloys, irrespective of the observed mode of deformation. At 95% yield stress, the amount of creep strain in 200 h was found to increase with a decrease in stability of the β-phase.     

120°模具室温ECAP制备工业纯钛的压缩变形本构关系

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对120°模具室温Bc方式ECAP变形8道次制备的平均晶粒尺寸约为200 nm的工业纯钛进行等温变速压缩实验,研究超细晶工业纯钛在变形温度为298~673 K和应变速率为1×10-4~1×100s-1条件下的流变应力行为。结果表明:变形温度和应变速率均对流变应力具有显著影响,峰值应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而降低;流变应力在变形初期随应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐趋于平稳,呈现稳态流变特征。采用双曲正弦模型确定了超细晶工业纯钛的变形激活能Q=104.46 kJ/mol和应力指数n=23,建立了相应的变形本构关系。     

On conversion of plastic work to heat during plastic deformation of tin-lead alloy and mild steel

The temperature rise caused by plastic deformation during the quick upsetting of tin-lead alloy and mild steel was investigated via experiments and numerical simulations aiming at a better understanding of the heat generation mechanism in friction welding. The results show that the compression amount and deformation temperature influence significantly the temperature rise during the upsetting of tin-lend alloy. The temperature rise increases with increasing the compression but decreases with increasing the deformation temperature. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental iaspection for Sn63A alloy. The simulation results of mild steel present a similar tendency with tin-lend alloy. Moreover, the temperature rise of mild steel at elevated temperatures is comparable to that of tin-lead alloy at low temperatures.     

晶粒度对690合金热变形特性的影响

利用物理模拟实验方法对具有不同晶粒尺寸的690合金试样进行热压缩变形实验,变形温度范围为1100～1200℃,应变速率分别为0.1,1,10s-1,获得了合金的流变应力数据,并对合金变形后的组织特征进行了分析,建立了包含初始晶粒度参数的本构关系模型。结果表明:晶粒尺寸增大使690合金高温变形时的流变应力增加,发生动态再结晶的临界应变增大,动态再结晶体积分数减小,根据所建立的流变应力本构模型计算出的流变应力值与实验值相近,从而完善了690合金的热变形本构方程。     

7150铝合金高温热压缩变形流变应力行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对7150铝合金进行高温热压缩实验,研究该合金在变形温度为300~450 ℃和应变速率为0.01～10 s~(-1) 条件下的流变应力行为.结果表明:流变应力在变形初期随着应变的增加而增大,出现峰值后逐渐趋于平稳;峰值应力随着温度的升高而减小,随着应变速率的增大而增大;可用包含Zener-Hollomon参数的Arrhenius双曲正弦关系来描述合金的热流变行为,其变形激活能为226.698 8 kJ/mol;随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低,合金中拉长的晶粒发生粗化,亚晶尺寸增大,再结晶晶粒在晶界交叉处出现并且晶粒数量逐渐增加;合金热压缩变形的主要软化机制由动态回复逐步转变为动态再结晶.     

7A52铝合金热加工过程中高温压缩变形行为

采用圆柱试样在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上进行高温压缩变形模拟实验,研究了7A52铝合金在高温塑性变形过程中流变行为。实验结果表明,合金高温压缩变形时的流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小,随变形速率的提高而增大。热变形条件下流变应力σ、应变速率ε.和变形温度T之间满足一定的关系式。研究指出,合金适宜的热加工温度为400℃~420℃。     

轧制速度对AZ31镁合金管材冷轧成形的影响

轧制速度是三辊式冷轧成形过程中关键的工艺参数,决定其力学特征及温升情况。基于此,本文以冷轧AZ31镁合金管材为研究对象,通过全流程数值仿真计算,对比分析不同轧制速度在各特征变形段对等效应力、等效塑性应变及节点温度的影响规律。结果表明,等效应力、等效塑性应变及节点温度均随轧制速度的增大而增大。通过元胞自动机模型及实验等手段,探明了晶粒在轧制过程中产生连续再结晶并细化的初步组织演变规律;对比分析实验与模拟结果并结合多方面因素,得到800mm/s的轧制速度可以更好的满足工艺要求的结果,为冷轧镁合金管材轧制速度的选择提供依据。     

考虑变形热效应的本构关系建立方法

在等温恒应变速率压缩过程中，随着等效应变速率的增大，变形热效应对流动应力的影响程度增大。当等效应变速率很小时，变形热效应对流动应力的影响可忽略不计，压缩过程中可近似认为是等温过程；当等效应变速率较大时，变形热效应对流动应力的影响相当显著，压缩过程基本上成为绝热过程，提出了一种考虑变形热效应对流动应力影响的本构关系建立方法。用该方法建立的本构关系能客观地反映材料在热态变形过程中的动态响应特性，为提高     

Mg-3Sn-1Mn-1La镁合金热压缩组织演变与应变修正本构方程

通过对铸态Mg-3Sn-1Mn-1La合金在变形温度为200~450℃、应变速率为0.001~1.0s^-1条件下进行热压缩实验,研究了其热变形行为和微观组织变化规律。结果表明:随着变形温度的降低和应变速率的升高,流变应力明显增大而再结晶晶粒尺寸减小。在变形温度较低的条件下,连续动态再结晶是主要的再结晶机制。然而,当变形温度升高时,非连续动态再结晶机制占主导。分析和修正了摩擦和变形热对流变应力的影响。结果表明,与摩擦相比变形热对流变应力的影响更加明显,且随着应变速率的增加和变形温度的降低,变形热对流变应力的影响更加明显。在实验数据的基础上建立了应变修正的本构方程。通过对实验值与预测值的对比发现,所建立的本构方程能够准确地描述实验合金的热变形行为。     

Influence and prediction of hot deformation parameters on microstructure of Ti—15—3 alloy

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AM80-xSr-yCa镁合金高温压缩变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机对一种新型AM80-xSr-yCa镁合金进行高温压缩变形实验,研究其在温度300℃~450℃、应变速率0.01s-1~10s-1条件下的流变行为。高应变速率下,试样的变形热带来的温升不可忽略,对真应力-真应变的测量值进行相应修正后,求得了本构方程中的系列常量。结果表明,应变速率和变形温度的变化,强烈影响着合金流变应力的大小,流变应力值随变形温度的降低和应变速率的提高而增大;金相组织观察表明,动态再结晶是该实验条件下晶粒细化和材料软化的主要机制,再结晶的程度主要受变形参数影响。变形温度越高,变形量越大,动态再结晶进行的越充分;应变速率越大,再结晶平均晶粒尺寸就越小。     

Deep drawing of 6A16 aluminum alloy for automobile body with various blank-holder forces

Based on the ABAQUS/explicit finite element method,the deep drawing of 6A16 alloy pre-aged and then storaged at room temperature for 1 week with various blank-holder forces(10,14,18 kN) was studied.The distribution and variation of stress and strain in deformation zones were investigated to drive the forming property and process of the alloy.Besides,the simulation result was verified combined with the deep drawing experiments.The results show that the stress and strain of the deformation zone have an incremental trend with the blank-holder force increasing while the deformation degree and grain size within a certain deformation zone have an obvious increase and an enlargement,respectively.After the deep drawing,the hardness of products also increases with the enhancement of blank-holder force.The blank-holder force of 18 kN is certified as the preferential one by the analysis of microstructure and simulation results.     

AZ80镁合金变形特性及管材挤压数值模拟研究

利用Gleeble热模拟机研究了AZ80合金的高温变形特性。结果表明,流变应力取决于变形温度和变形速率。当应变速率一定时,流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低;当温度一定时,流变应力随着应变速率的升高而增大。根据AZ80镁合金真应力-真应变曲线,建立了其流变应力模型。采用刚塑性有限元法对AZ80镁合金管材挤压过程进行热力耦合数值模拟,并分析了高温挤压成形过程中变形力及金属流动规律,着重探讨了变形温度和挤压速度等挤压工艺参数对挤压力、应变场以及应力场的分布及变化情况的影响。模拟的结果为AZ80镁合金管材挤压工艺参数的制定、优化提供了科学依据。     

热变形工艺对含硫非调质钢流变应力及组织的影响

在变形温度950~1150 ℃和应变速率0.01~5 s^-1下,通过Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机进行单道次压缩试验,研究了热变形工艺对含硫非调质钢F45MnVS流变应力及组织的影响。结果表明:随着应变速率的增大,热压缩过程中的峰值应力增加,随着温度的升高,峰值应力降低;动态再结晶平均晶粒尺寸随着应变速率、变形量的增加而减小,随着温度的提高而增大。