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西双版纳橡胶树腐霉菌病害研究初报 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
《热带农业科技》2014,(4)
通过对2013年云南西双版纳景讷乡发生的橡胶树病害病组织取样分离,活体致病试验和病原物的分类鉴定,认为是由腐霉属真菌(Pythium sp.)引起的一种橡胶树新病害。土壤板结、长期排水不畅,通透性差,是腐霉属病害发生的重要诱因。 相似文献
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<正>季风性落叶病是东南亚植胶国家橡胶树重要病害之一。西双版纳垦区自1965年发现此病以来,发病面积逐渐扩大、病情不断加重,到1980年,全区八个农场有七个农场不同程度的发生了病害,对生产造成了一定的影响。根据1977年以来的调查资料和研究情况。对本区的病害现状和发展趋势初步分析如下 相似文献
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<正>橡胶树割面条溃疡病是世界各国橡胶的主要茎部病害。自五十年代末起,一些主要植胶国家由于易感病高产品系的大面积投产以及为害橡胶树的疫霉菌新种的出现,使病害日益严重。国外认为防治条溃疡具有重大的经济意义,但几十年来防治研究进展缓慢,近期提出的一些处理方法,仍未能彻底解决这一问题。该病害发生规律的影响因子,认为主要是高湿,通过雨季感病胶果和带菌土壤,引起割面新的侵染。 相似文献
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橡胶疫霉菌病害(条溃疡病和季风性落叶病)是云南垦区橡胶树的头号病害。而橡胶疫霉菌病害的病源,经过真菌学工作者反复的鉴定,认为有棕榈疫霉菌、葡萄疫霉菌、蜜色疫霉菌和橡胶疫霉菌等种。1980年,Paul Holl;day在其所著的《热带作物真菌病害》一书中,根据现有的文献,分别给予了系统的评述(见该书第340—341、352—353、356—357、367—378页)。无论对当前橡胶疫霉菌病害的防治或研究均有参考价值。 相似文献
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橡胶是四大工业原料之一 ,在交通、军用工业中尤为重要。其中天然橡胶的主要来源是巴西橡胶树 (H evea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) ,它在我国南方热带地区广为栽培 ,是重要的经济树种和用材树种 ,因而是工业与民用的重要资源。已有研究证实 :橡胶树根系可以形成 AM菌根 (arbuscular mycorrhiza)。AM菌根是广泛分布的一类内生菌根 ,能够促进宿主植物吸收土壤中的养分 ,增强宿主的抗逆性 ,有利于植物生长。近 30 a来 ,国外一些学者对橡胶树菌根真菌的资源与分布 ,菌根真菌对苗木营养和生长效应以及提高苗木抗逆性方面进行了研究。而国内尚… 相似文献
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云南橡胶树死皮病与立地环境关系调查 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对云南植胶区不同橡胶宜林地、海拔高度、坡向的橡胶树死皮病进行调查,结果表明,死皮病发病率与不同等级宜林地、不同坡向有关:植胶环境条件最好的宜林地死皮病发病率最高,而次等宜林地则发病率随之降低;西坡橡胶树死皮病发病率显著高于其它坡向发病率,从宏观角度一定程度地证实橡胶树营养状态与死皮病的关系。 相似文献
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西双版纳2009/2010年秋冬春连旱对橡胶生产的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由于大气环流的异常影响,云南西双版纳州2009/2010年秋冬春气候异常,出现了本州自有气象记录以来最严重的秋冬春连旱。异常的高温干旱对橡胶树造成了严重影响:橡胶树物候异常、病虫害频发、开割时间比往年推迟10~30d、干胶减产;橡胶树抗旱定植困难大、成本高;随干旱而至的大风、冰雹灾害严重,造成严重经济损失。 相似文献
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K. K. Liyanage S. Khan P. E. Mortimer K. D. Hyde J. Xu S. Brooks Z. Ming 《Forest Pathology》2016,46(2):90-103
Powdery mildew disease of rubber trees affects young rubber leaves, buds, inflorescences and other immature tissues reducing rubber latex yields by up to 45%. The disease is present in all rubber‐growing regions, with a high incidence rate in subtropical environments. The causal agent of powdery mildew disease of rubber trees was first described as Oidium heveae, but later research on the morphological characteristics suggests that O. heveae was in the past confused with Erysiphe quercicola. However, the most appropriate classification is still under debate between the genera Golovinomyces or Podosphaera. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses have established some relationships between rubber powdery mildew fungus and other powdery mildew species, but the generic sexual state of rubber powdery mildew fungus has not yet been established. Rubber powdery mildew conidia are wind‐spread spores that are produced in great numbers when growth conditions of the disease are favourable. The optimum conditions for conidial germination are 97–100% relative humidity and temperatures between 25 and 28°C. While some newly bred rubber clones have shown resistance to the disease, it can also be controlled with a number of fungicides and biological control agents. It is clear from recent knowledge about climate–fungus relationships that changes in weather strongly influence disease incidence and severity. The aim of this review is to highlight the classification conflicts, main causes and influencing factors behind the disease spreading, as well as draw attention to the impact of weather changes on the outbreaks of the disease. The information in this review will be helpful to adopt better control measures of the powdery mildew disease of rubber, especially in higher humidity areas, thereby minimizing the loss of rubber yields due to this disease. 相似文献
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Hua Wu Yingwen Pan Rong Di Qiguang He Mamy Jayne Nelly Rajaofera Wenbo Liu Fucong Zheng Weiguo Miao 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(5)
Powdery mildew is a foliar disease of rubber trees. It is one of the most important leaf diseases in rubber plantations worldwide. The causal agent of this powdery mildew, previously known as Oidium heveae, has been identified under various names. To precisely identify the causal agents of this disease, 57 conidial samples were collected from 2013 to 2017 in Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces, the main rubber tree planting regions in China. Based on morphological observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, pathogenicity testing, and nrDNA ITS and 28S sequences, Erysiphe quercicola is suggested as the only causal agent of rubber tree powdery mildew in China. 相似文献
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