锁骨下动脉、腋动脉、肱动脉血管广泛血栓形成1例

1病例资料患者,男,44岁。右上肢肿胀刺痛1个月加重伴手指麻木发凉5d,于2007年12月13日18：00急诊入院。患者自述于1个月前出现右侧手指指尖麻木,近5d右上肢麻木、胀痛明显加重,自测不到脉搏,右上肢皮肤苍白,皮温低,呈持续性,伴胸闷、气短、大汗。心电图：窦性心率（正常心电图）;右上肢血管超声：右侧锁骨下动脉下段、腋动脉、肱动脉血管闭塞（完全性血栓形成）;血压16／10kPa;血糖正常。以“左上肢动脉栓塞”收住入院。患者既往有小儿麻痹症病史,右下肢发育短小、无力,长期扶双拐行走;常伴有右上肢苍白,皮肤发凉,肱动脉、桡动脉、尺动脉脉搏测不到。     

Accessory left hepatic artery arising from common hepatic artery

The knowledge of anatomical variations in hepatic artery are of importance to surgeons and radiologists while performing complicated procedures like liver transplantation and transarterial chemo-embolization for hepatic tumors. The incidence of accessory left hepatic artery is less common than the right accessory hepatic artery. Here we report an anomalous accessory left hepatic artery arising from common hepatic artery in a 55 year old male cadaver.     

冠状动脉硬化性心脏病合并左锁骨下动脉严重狭窄非体外循环下同期手术的临床经验

目的探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植同时主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路治疗冠状动脉硬化性心脏病(冠心病)合并锁骨下动脉重度狭窄的手术方法及效果.方法2003年1月～2004年5月,我院治疗须行冠状动脉旁路移植术同时合并左锁骨下动脉近端重度狭窄3例,术中先行主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路,左乳内动脉获得满意的流量后,再行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植.结果手术时间210～340 min,平均283 min,出血量570～1 630 ml,平均963 ml.游离左乳内动脉后量杯测流量均＜5 ml/min,主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路后量杯测流量均＞50 ml/min,乳内动脉远端与前降支吻合后流量仪测流量12～27 ml/min,平均20 ml/min.术后临床症状缓解,未发现冠脉-锁骨下动脉窃血综合征.3例随访3～6个月,平均5个月,无心绞痛发作.结论非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植同时主动脉-锁骨下动脉旁路手术是治疗冠心病合并锁骨下动脉重度狭窄简单而有效的方法.     

Mycotic pulmonary artery aneurysm following pulmonary artery banding

A neonate with situs inversus, transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, cross-crossventricles and hypoplastic right ventricle underwent pulmonary artery banding at the age of 7 days. The course was complicated by septicaemia and subsequently the development of an aneurysm of the pulmonary artery. Serratia marcessans was grown from the band site. The pulmonary artery aneurysm was resected and the pulmonary artery was repaired. The literature is reviewed with the emphasis on diagnosis, natural history and surgical management.     

Proximal superficial temporal artery to proximal middle cerebral artery bypass using a radial artery graft: an anatomic approach

We present the use of radial artery graft for bypass of the proximal superficial temporal artery to the proximal middle cerebral artery. Six adult cadaver sites were used bilaterally. After apterional incision, 2×2-cm minicraniectomy was performed which began 2 cm behind the zygomatic process of the frontal bone. The superficial temporal artery was transsected before exposing the zygomatico-orbital artery branch. The proximal side of the radial artery graft was anastomosed end-to-end to the proximal superficial temporal artery and the distal side end-to-side to the proximal middle cerebral artery. The mean calibers of the proximal superficial temporal artery and largest trunk of the middle cerebral artery were 2.25±0.35 mm and 2.3±0.3 mm, respectively. The average graft length was 85±5.5 mm. We conclude that such bypasses are simpler than proximal middle cerebral artery revascularization using long vein grafts. This method proves that the caliber of the proximal superficial temporal artery is more suited to providing sufficient flow than the distal superficial temporal artery, and the graft is short. Such bypasses to the middle cerebral artery may be an alternative to those from the distal superficial temporal artery or extracranial carotid artery.     

Coronary artery and graft spasm after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

We report a case of a 52-year-old man with severe coronary artery and graft spasm after triple-vessel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Emergent coronary angiography was performed to identify the location and severity of the spasm. Intracoronary injections of several vasodilators failed to relieve the spasm. Observational treatments including intra-aortic balloon pump and inotropic drugs to increase coronary flow were performed until the spasm resolved. The patient recovered and was discharged. A follow-up coronary angiography revealed patent native coronary artery and bypass grafts without evidence of residual spasm.     

Anatomic eligibility for transcarotid artery revascularization and transfemoral carotid artery stenting

ObjectiveTranscarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) has emerged as an alternative to transfemoral carotid artery stenting (tfCAS). We investigated the proportion of carotid arteries undergoing revascularization procedures that would be eligible for TCAR based on anatomic criteria and how many arteries at high anatomic risk for tfCAS would be amenable to TCAR.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy or carotid stenting between 2012 and 2015. Patients were excluded if computed tomography angiography of the neck was not performed within 6 months of the procedure. We assessed TCAR eligibility on the basis of the instructions for use of the ENROUTE Transcarotid Neuroprotection System (Silk Road Medical, Sunnyvale, Calif) and high anatomic risk for tfCAS on the basis of anatomic factors known to make carotid cannulation more difficult or hazardous.ResultsOf the 118 patients and 236 carotid arteries identified, 12 carotid arteries were excluded for presence of an occluded internal carotid artery (ICA). Of the remaining 224 carotid arteries, 72% were eligible for TCAR on the basis of the instructions for use criteria; 100% had 4- to 9-mm ICA diameters, 100% had ≥6-mm common carotid artery (CCA) diameter, 75% had ≥5-cm clavicle to carotid bifurcation distance, and 96% lacked significant CCA puncture site plaque. In addition, 7% of carotid arteries had bifurcation anatomy unfavorable for stenting; thus, of the entire cohort of arteries examined, 68% were eligible for TCAR. Hyperlipidemia (odds ratio [OR], 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-26; P < .01), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.5-8.3; P < .01), and older age (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1; P < .01) were independently associated with TCAR ineligibility, whereas white race (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-1.0; P = .048) and beta-blocker use (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7; P < .01) were independently associated with TCAR eligibility. In addition, 24% of carotid arteries were considered to be at high risk for tfCAS for the presence of a type III aortic arch (7.6%), severe aortic calcification (3.3%), tandem CCA lesions (7.1%), moderate to severe stenosis at the carotid ostium (8.9%), and tortuous distal ICA precluding embolic filter placement (4.5%). Active smoking (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.9-10; P < .01), hyperlipidemia (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2-14; P = .03), and older age (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.1; P = .02) were independently associated with tfCAS ineligibility, whereas preoperative aspirin (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0-0.4; P < .001) or clopidogrel (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8; P = .01) use was associated with tfCAS eligibility. Of the arteries that were considered to be at high risk for tfCAS, 69% were eligible for TCAR.ConclusionsThe majority of carotid arteries in individuals selected for revascularization meet TCAR eligibility, making TCAR a viable treatment option for many patients.     

肾移植术中采用供肾动脉与髂外动脉吻合的体会

对２７例髂内动脉有严重动脉粥样硬化的肾移植受者实施供肾动脉与受者髂外动脉端侧吻合术，术后除有３例患者因环孢素用量过大使移植肾功能恢复略延迟外，其它２４例患者均于术后４天内肾功能恢复正常，且无一例外科并发症。认为该术式可作为髂内动脉情况异常的一种弥补方法，但不宜作为常规术式。     

乳内动脉-冠状动脉旁路移植术53例

作者对１９９４年１月～１９９６年１２月本院所作的５３例乳内动脉（ＩＭＡ）－冠状动脉旁路移植术进行了总结。全部患者均为经内科治疗效果不满意者。其中４４例发生过一次以上的心肌梗塞；１６例合并室壁瘤形成。除１例为非体外循环行单纯左ＩＭＡ与左前降支吻合外，其余均行左ＩＭＡ吻合前降支及大隐静脉序惯“蛇形”桥。全组平均做冠脉吻合口４．２８支。同期左室室壁瘤切除４例。手术死亡４例。３５例随访６个月～１年半，其中３０例症状消失，５例症状减轻，活动量增加。随访结果提示，ＩＭＡ冠脉旁路移植术可取得满意疗效。作者还对ＩＭＡ冠脉旁路移植术的技术要点、适应证等进行了讨论。     

冠脉旁路移植术中桡动脉的获取和应用

目的总结冠状动脉旁路移植术中桡动脉的获取方法和早期临床效果。方法22例冠状动脉旁路移植术患者,行量化Allen试验决定是否切取桡动脉。桡动脉伴随静脉一起切取,术中不直接接触桡动脉,严格避免夹镊桡动脉本身;离断后腔内注入肝素罂粟碱液,并将桡动脉置于该液中备用。共获取桡动脉22根,远端吻合至冠状动脉后降支、钝缘支及前降支,近端均吻合至主动脉。术后常规应用钙通道阻滞剂12个月。结果术后患者心绞痛消失,心功能显著改善,无围术期心肌梗死。无术中桡动脉痉挛现象,围术期无出血、栓塞合并症,无手臂缺血发生。结论桡动脉移植物可常规应用于冠状动脉旁路移植术;严格的“免触”技术和术后应用钙通道阻滞剂是保证桡动脉良好功能的关键。     

对比经远端桡动脉与肱动脉入路支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症的有效性及安全性

目的 对比经远端桡动脉入路与肱动脉入路支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析70例接受经左侧桡动脉远端入路（A组）与72例经左侧肱动脉入路（B组）支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症患者,其中B组18例因穿刺左侧桡动脉远端失败而改为穿刺左侧肱动脉;观察2种方法穿刺成功率、2组髂动脉开通成功率和穿刺并发症发生率。结果 穿刺桡动脉远端成功率为79.55%（70/88）,穿刺肱动脉成功率为100%（72/72）。髂动脉顺行开通成功率[78.57%（55/70）vs.80.56%（58/72）,<χ²=3.67,P=0.09]及总体开通成功率[94.29%（66/70）vs.95.83%（69/72）,χ²=2.34,P=0.10]组间差异均无统计学意义。A组穿刺并发症发生率低于B组[5.71%（4/70）vs.13.89%（10/72）,<χ²=3.24,P=0.02]。结论 相比经肱动脉入路,经远端桡动脉穿刺入路腔内支架成形术治疗髂动脉慢性闭塞症更为安全,而开通成功率相当。     

肝移植中使用受体脾动脉行肝动脉重建

目的探讨在肝移植中受体肝动脉存在病变的情况下肝动脉重建的方法。方法在二例肝移植病人中,选用受体脾动脉与供体肝动脉端端吻合以重建肝动脉。结果术后分别随访5个月和2年,肝动脉通畅,肝功能正常,无胆管并发症,无脾梗塞和脾功能异常。结论肝移植中受体的脾动脉可以用来行肝动脉重建。     

Coronary artery bypass grafting with left internal mammary artery and right gastroepiploic artery, with and without bypass

BACKGROUND: Total arterial and off-pump revascularization are increasingly used in coronary artery bypass grafting. This study describes our experience with the exclusive use of both left internal thoracic artery and gastroepiploic artery by means of a median sternotomy, with and without cardiopulmonary bypass, in a subgroup of patients with two-vessel disease. METHODS: From January 1995 to July 2000, 171 consecutive patients were reviewed in a prospective database. Ninety-one patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass (group A), and 80 patients were operated on under cardiopulmonary bypass with aortic cross-clamp and cardioplegia (group B). RESULTS: Patient data were similar in both groups except for the Euroscore (mean; 3.4+/-6.1, group A versus 2.5+/-4.5, group B; Euroscore > 6: 26.4%, group A versus 10%, group B; p < 0.05) and ejection fraction (mean, 54.6%+/-15.8%, group A versus 63.1%+/-12.7%, group B; p < 0.001). Severe aortic calcification was present in 6 group A patients, versus no patient in group B. Operative time was shorter in group A (185 versus 213 minutes, p < 0.0001), with less distal anastomoses (2.26 versus 2.5, p < 0.05). Conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass occurred in 1 patient, who was excluded from the study. Bleeding was higher in group A (852.6+/-288 mL versus 712.4+/-274 mL, p < 0.05), but transfusion was similar in both groups. Atrial fibrillation, postoperative inotropic support, and hospital stay were similar in both groups. Myocardial infarction was less frequent in group A (1 versus 4). Postoperative intraaortic balloon pump was used in 2 patients (group B). One patient died (group A) and 1 had an embolic stroke (group B). After discharge, 2 more patients died (group A, day 91; group B day 141), and 1 patient suffered an embolic stroke (group B). One patient in each group presented with dysfunction of the gastroepiploic artery graft requiring successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on the right posterolateral artery. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using the left internal thoracic artery and gastroepiploic artery is safe even in high-risk patients. This approach allows an absolute no-touch technique of the aorta.     

Coronary artery spasm after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery spasm (CAS) in the immediate postoperative period has been recognized as a possible cause for perioperative myocardial ischaemia after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It varies in severity and can be associated with circulatory collapse and death. The purpose of this study was to present our experiences on CAS after off-pump CABG and detail its management. METHODS: The case reports of three patients with similar clinical presentations of ischaemic heart disease who underwent CABG using an off-pump technique are reviewed. Severe manifestations of CAS in the immediate postoperative period with documented angiographic findings are presented. RESULTS: Three patients (two men and one woman) with angina pectoris were diagnosed with coronary artery disease using coronary angiography. The elective off-pump CABG was uneventful; however, severe manifestation of myocardial ischaemia with abrupt onset developed at the intensive care unit. All three patients underwent immediate coronary angiography to verify the diagnosis of CAS. Apart from intracoronary nitroglycerine infusion and medical support with inotropic agents, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation was carried out because of severe haemodynamic deterioration in one case, while support was required with intraaortic balloon pumping in another. All three patients made a full recovery. CONCLUSION: Coronary artery spasm can severely complicate the postoperative course for patients undergoing off-pump CABG, leading to myocardial ischaemia or infarction, life-threatening arrhythmias, persistent hypotension and even cardiac arrest. Early awareness and diagnosis of CAS with the establishment of appropriate management strategies may prevent its potentially lethal consequences.     

Anastomosis of occipital artery to anterior inferior cerebellar artery for vertebrobasilar junction stenosis

A new approach to revascularization of the posterior fossa for vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to vertebrobasilar junction stenosis is reported. The procedure involves anastomosing the occipital artery to a branch of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Rationale for the procedure and surgical technique are discussed.     

内窥镜采集桡动脉在冠状动脉旁路移植术中的应用及组织学评估

目的 观察冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)术中应用内窥镜桡动脉采集技术的效果,通过组织学观察评价内窥镜采集桡动脉的安全性.方法 2003年8月至2008年6月,87例CABG患者采用VagoView5内窥镜系统采集桡动脉.分别对各10例传统切开及内窥镜采集的桡动脉近端和远端各取4 mill,利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜检查进行组织学对照.结果 内窥镜采集耗时42～98 min,平均耗时(57.6±17.3)min;获取桡动脉长度15～20 cm,平均(17.5±1.6)cm;采集的桡动脉无明显损伤,除2例外所有采集的桡动脉都被用于CABG.7例患者术后早期拇指背侧有轻度感觉异常,随访3个月后明显改善.光镜和电子显微镜下桡动脉内膜、中层、外膜的损伤情况与传统切开组相似.结论 CABG术中应用内窥镜采集桡动脉可取得良好的外观效果,不损伤桡动脉血管结构,神经损伤可减到最小程度.组织学分析结果证实该方法与传统切开法具有同样的安全性.     

Right coronary artery to left carotid artery collateral in the absence of stenosis

Anomalies as well as variations of vascular structures are widely diagnosed with today's advanced diagnostic tools and healthcare screening programs. Collateral formation is a well known phenomenon in the presence of stenosis or occlusion to provide blood flow to the distal vasculature. In this report, we present the image of a collateral between the left common carotid artery and right coronary artery in the absence of significant stenosis.     

Current status of coronary artery surgery

After a decade of experience with direct coronary artery surgery, certain conclusions have been made regarding its benefits and indications. Conclusion one is that the operation is highly successful in eliminating or alleviating angina; two, it improves exercise tolerance, and three, it prolongs life in patients with significant left main coronary artery disease. The proper selection of patients and the current technique of operation are also presented. Presented at the 79th Annual Congress of the Japan Surgical Society, Sapparo, 1979 May.     

连续170例冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病

目的 回顾应用冠状动脉旁路移植术（ＣＡＢＧ）治疗冠心病的早期效果和经验。方法 １７０例（男１５２例,女１８例;年龄３５－８０岁,平均６６．７岁）冠心病病人中９７％为多支冠状动脉病变。８１例左室射血分数≤４５％,其中２１例〈３０％。８４％病人心绞痛ＣＣＳⅢ－Ⅳ级。除１例在左前外侧小切口非体外循环下手术,余均为正中开胸低温体外循环下ＣＡＢＧ。