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1.
Naoko?Kozuki Anne?CC?Lee Mariangela?F?Silveira Ayesha?Sania Joshua?P?Vogel Linda?Adair Fernando?Barros Laura?E?Caulfield Parul?Christian Wafaie?Fawzi Jean?Humphrey Lieven?Huybregts Aroonsri?Mongkolchati Robert?Ntozini David?Osrin Dominique?Roberfroid James?Tielsch Anjana?Vaidya Robert?E?Black Joanne?Katz Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group Small-for-Gestational-Age-Preterm Birth Working Group 《BMC public health》2013,13(Z3):S2
Background
Previous studies have reported on adverse neonatal outcomes associated with parity and maternal age. Many of these studies have relied on cross-sectional data, from which drawing causal inference is complex. We explore the associations between parity/maternal age and adverse neonatal outcomes using data from cohort studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).Methods
Data from 14 cohort studies were included. Parity (nulliparous, parity 1-2, parity ≥3) and maternal age (<18 years, 18-<35 years, ≥35 years) categories were matched with each other to create exposure categories, with those who are parity 1-2 and age 18-<35 years as the reference. Outcomes included small-for-gestational-age (SGA), preterm, neonatal and infant mortality. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated per study and meta-analyzed.Results
Nulliparous, age <18 year women, compared with women who were parity 1-2 and age 18-<35 years had the highest odds of SGA (pooled adjusted OR: 1.80), preterm (pooled aOR: 1.52), neonatal mortality (pooled aOR: 2.07), and infant mortality (pooled aOR: 1.49). Increased odds were also noted for SGA and neonatal mortality for nulliparous/age 18-<35 years, preterm, neonatal, and infant mortality for parity ≥3/age 18-<35 years, and preterm and neonatal mortality for parity ≥3/≥35 years.Conclusions
Nulliparous women <18 years of age have the highest odds of adverse neonatal outcomes. Family planning has traditionally been the least successful in addressing young age as a risk factor; a renewed focus must be placed on finding effective interventions that delay age at first birth. Higher odds of adverse outcomes are also seen among parity ≥3 / age ≥35 mothers, suggesting that reproductive health interventions need to address the entirety of a woman’s reproductive period.Funding
Funding was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (810-2054) by a grant to the US Fund for UNICEF to support the activities of the Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group.2.
Amanda K Debes Anjalee Kohli Neff Walker Karen Edmond Luke C Mullany 《BMC public health》2013,13(Z3):S19
Background
Early breastfeeding is defined as the initiation of breastfeeding within twenty four hours of birth. While the benefits of breastfeeding have been known for decades, only recently has the role of time to initiation of breastfeeding in neonatal mortality and morbidity been assessed.Objective
To review the evidence for early breastfeeding initiation practices and to estimate the association between timing and neonatal outcomes.Methods
We systematically reviewed multiple databases from 1963 to 2011. Standardized abstraction tables were used and quality was assessed for each study utilizing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Three meta-analyses were conducted for mortality among babies surviving to 48 hours.Results
We identified 18 studies reporting a direct association between early breastfeeding initiation and neonatal mortality and morbidity outcomes. The results of random effects analyses of data from 3 studies (from 5 publications) demonstrated lower risks of all-cause neonatal mortality among all live births (RR = 0.56 [95% CI: 0.40 – 0.79]) and among low birth weight babies (RR=0.58 [95% CI: 0.43 – 0.78]), and infection-related neonatal mortality (RR = 0.55 [95% CI: 0.36 – 0.84]). Among exclusively breastfed infants, all-cause mortality risk did not differ between early and late initiators (RR = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.27 – 1.75]).Conclusions
This review demonstrates that early breastfeeding initiation is a simple intervention that has the potential to significantly improve neonatal outcomes and should be universally recommended. Significant gaps in knowledge are highlighted, revealing a need to prioritize additional high quality studies that further clarify the specific cause of death, as well as providing improved understanding of the independent or combined effects of early initiation and breastfeeding patterns.3.
M. Tieland R. Franssen C. Dullemeijer C. van Dronkelaar H. Kyung Kim T. Ispoglou K. Zhu R. L. Prince L. J. C. van Loon Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2017,21(9):994-1001
Objectives
Increasing protein or amino acid intake has been promoted as a promising strategy to increase muscle mass and strength in elderly people, however, long-term intervention studies show inconsistent findings. Therefore, we aim to determine the impact of protein or amino acid supplementation compared to placebo on muscle mass and strength in older adults by combining the results from published trials in a metaanalysis and pooled individual participant data analysis.Design
We searched Medline and Cochrane databases and performed a meta-analysis on eight available trials on the effect of protein or amino acid supplementation on muscle mass and strength in older adults. Furthermore, we pooled individual data of six of these randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. The main outcomes were change in lean body mass and change in muscle strength for both the meta-analysis and the pooled analysis.Results
The meta-analysis of eight studies (n=557) showed no significant positive effects of protein or amino acid supplementation on lean body mass (mean difference: 0.014 kg: 95% CI -0.152; 0.18), leg press strength (mean difference: 2.26 kg: 95% CI -0.56; 5.08), leg extension strength (mean difference: 0.75 kg: 95% CI: -1.96, 3.47) or handgrip strength (mean difference: -0.002 kg: 95% CI -0.182; 0.179). Likewise, the pooled analysis showed no significant difference between protein and placebo treatment on lean body mass (n=412: p=0.78), leg press strength (n=121: p=0.50), leg extension strength (n=121: p=0.16) and handgrip strength (n=318: p=0.37).Conclusions
There is currently no evidence to suggest that protein or amino acid supplementation without concomitant nutritional or exercise interventions increases muscle mass or strength in predominantly healthy elderly people.4.
Laura M Lamberti Irena Zakarija-Grković Christa L Fischer Walker Evropi Theodoratou Harish Nair Harry Campbell Robert E Black 《BMC public health》2013,13(Z3):S18
Background
Suboptimal breastfeeding practices among infants and young children <24 months of age are associated with elevated risk of pneumonia morbidity and mortality. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the protective effects of breastfeeding exposure against pneumonia incidence, prevalence, hospitalizations and mortality.Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review of studies assessing the risk of selected pneumonia morbidity and mortality outcomes by varying levels of breastfeeding exposure among infants and young children <24 months of age. We used random effects meta-analyses to generate pooled effect estimates by outcome, age and exposure level.Results
Suboptimal breastfeeding elevated the risk of pneumonia morbidity and mortality outcomes across age groups. In particular, pneumonia mortality was higher among not breastfed compared to exclusively breastfed infants 0-5 months of age (RR: 14.97; 95% CI: 0.67-332.74) and among not breastfed compared to breastfed infants and young children 6-23 months of age (RR: 1.92; 95% CI: 0.79-4.68).Conclusions
Our results highlight the importance of breastfeeding during the first 23 months of life as a key intervention for reducing pneumonia morbidity and mortality.5.
Courtney Olson-Chen Kripa Balaram David N. Hackney 《Maternal and child health journal》2018,22(6):812-821
Objectives
We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the association between Chlamydia trachomatis and adverse perinatal outcomes.Methods
Electronic databases were searched between 1970 and 2013. Included studies reported perinatal outcomes in women with and without chlamydia. Summary odds ratios were calculated using fixed- and random-effects models. Study bias was assessed using a Funnel Plot and Begg’s test.Results
Of 129 articles identified, 56 studies met the inclusion criteria encompassing 614,892 subjects. Chlamydia infection in pregnancy was associated with preterm birth (OR?=?1.27, 95% CI 1.05, 1.54) with a large quantity of heterogeneity (I2?=?61%). This association lost significance when limiting the analysis to high-quality studies based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Chlamydia infection in pregnancy was also associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes (OR?=?1.81, 95% CI 1.0, 3.29), endometritis (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.20, 2.38), low birthweight (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21, 1.48), small for gestational age (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05, 1.25) and intrauterine fetal demise (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06, 1.94).Conclusions
This review provides evidence that chlamydia in pregnancy is associated with a small increase in the odds of multiple adverse pregnancy outcomes. The literature is complicated by heterogeneity and the fact that the association may not hold in higher quality and prospective studies or those that use more contemporary nucleic acid testing.6.
7.
Background
Numerous epidemiology studies on dyslipidemia have been conducted in China. However, a nationally representative estimate for dyslipidemia prevalence is lacking. The aim of this study is to appraise the nationwide prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia in adults in China.Methods
We performed a systematic review of the related observational studies published since 2003 by searching English and Chinese literature databases. Meta-analyses were conducted in eligible studies using a random effect model to summarize the dyslipidemia prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates. Heterogeneity and publication bias were analyzed. Sensitivity analyses were performed to explain heterogeneity and examine the impact of study quality on the results of meta-analyses.Results
Thirty-eight papers were included for meta-analyses, with a total sample size of 387,825. The prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia were 41.9% (95% CI: 37.7% - 46.2%), 24.4% (95% CI: 14.4% - 38.4%), 8.8% (95% CI: 7.7% - 10.0%), and 4.3% (95% CI: 4.1% - 4.5%), respectively. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were 10.1% (95% CI: 5.8% - 16.9%), 17.7% (95% CI: 14.0% - 22.1%), 5.1% (95% CI: 3.1% - 8.2%), 11.0% (95% CI: 8.0% - 15.0%), and 8.8% (95% CI: 4.1% - 17.8%), respectively. Sensitivity analyses revealed that males had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (43.2%) than females (35.6%). Study samples of age 30 and above in the eastern region tended to have higher prevalence of dyslipidemia. The quality of the studies has a slight impact on the pooled estimates.Conclusions
The overall pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults was estimated to be 41.9%, with males having a higher rate than females.8.
Satoshi Seino K. Sumi M. Narita Y. Yokoyama K. Ashida A. Kitamura S. Shinkai 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(1):59-67
Objectives
To investigate whether supplementation with low-dose dairy protein plus micronutrients augments the effects of resistance exercise (RE) on muscle mass and physical performance compared with RE alone among older adults.Design
Randomized controlled trial.Setting
Tokyo, Japan.Participants
Eighty-two community-dwelling older adults (mean age, 73.5 years) were randomly allocated to an RE plus dairy protein and micronutrient supplementation group or an RE only group (n = 41 each).Intervention
The RE plus supplementation group participants ingested supplements with dairy protein (10.5 g/day) and micronutrients (8.0 mg zinc, 12 μg vitamin B12, 200 μg folic acid, 200 IU vitamin D, and others/day). Both groups performed the same twice-weekly RE program for 12 weeks.Measurements
Whole-body, appendicular, and leg lean soft-tissue mass (WBLM, ALM, and LLM, respectively) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, physical performance, biochemical characteristics, nutritional intake, and physical activity were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by using linear mixed-effects models.Results
The groups exhibited similar significant improvements in maximum gait speed, Timed Up-and-Go, and 5-repetition and 30-s chair stand tests. As compared with RE only, RE plus supplementation significantly increased WBLM (0.63 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31-0.95), ALM (0.37 kg, 95% CI: 0.16-0.58), LLM (0.27 kg, 95% CI: 0.10-0.46), and serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (4.7 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.6-7.9), vitamin B12 (72.4 pg/mL, 95% CI: 12.9-131.9), and folic acid (12.9 ng/mL, 95% CI: 10.3-15.5) (all P < 0.05 for group-by-time interactions). Changes over time in physical activity and nutritional intake excluding the supplemented nutrients were similar between groups.Conclusion
Low-dose dairy protein plus micronutrient supplementation during RE significantly increased muscle mass in older adults but did not further improve physical performance.9.
N. E. Andrew M. F. Kilkenny N. A. Lannin D. A. Cadilhac 《Quality of life research》2016,25(8):2053-2062
Purpose
Understanding the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and long-term unmet needs is important for guiding services to optimise life following stroke. We investigated whether HRQoL between 90 and 180 days following stroke was associated with long-term unmet needs.Methods
Data from Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (AuSCR) registrants who participated in the Australian Stroke Survivor Needs Survey were used. Outcome data, including the EQ-5D, are routinely collected in AuSCR between 90 and 180 days post-stroke. Unmet needs were assessed at a median of 2 years and categorised into: health; everyday living; work/leisure; and support domains. Multivariable regression was used to determine associations between the EQ-5D dimensions and the likelihood of experiencing unmet needs and the visual analogue scale (VAS) (rating 0–100) and number of reported unmet needs.Results
In total, 173 AuSCR registrants completed the Needs Survey (median age 69 years, 67 % male; 77 % ischaemic stroke). VAS scores were negatively associated with the number of reported long-term unmet needs [irr 0.98, (95 % CI 0.97, 0 99) p < 0.001]. Having EQ-5D activity limitations was associated with unmet living needs (aOR 4.5, 95 % CI 1.1, 18.8). Requiring living supports at 90–180 days was associated with unmet health needs (aOR 4.9, 95 % CI 1.5, 16.1). Those with pain at 90–180 days were less likely to report unmet health (aOR 0.09, 95 % CI 0.02, 0.4) and support needs (aOR 0.2, 95 % CI 0.06, 0.6).Conclusion
Routinely collected HRQoL data can identify survivors at risk of experiencing long-term unmet needs. This information is important for targeting service delivery to optimise outcomes following stroke.10.
Roberta Silva N. Pizato F. da Mata A. Figueiredo M. Ito M. G. Pereira 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(6):655-663
Background
Population aging is increasing and this process together with its characteristics influence the prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions and musculoskeletal-functional outcomes such as frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia. Nutritional strategies focused on dietary patterns, such as a Mediterranean diet, can be protective from these outcomes.Purpose
To investigate the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people.Methods
We systematically reviewed electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and others) and grey literature for articles investigating the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and frailty, functional disability and sarcopenia in community-dwelling people aged 60 and over. Study selection, quality of study assessment and data extraction were conducted independently by two authors. Random effects meta-analyses were performed, and pooled Odds Ratios (OR) were obtained.Results
After the literature search, screening and eligibility investigation, we included 12studies, with a total of 20,518 subjects. A higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet was found to be inversely associated with frailty (OR 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.65, I2=24.9%, p=0.262) and functional disability (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.93, I2=0.0%, p=0.78). Highly different study characteristics prevented us from performing a meta-analysis for sarcopenia. Cohort data indicated no association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia; however, cross-sectional results showed a positive relationship.Conclusion
A Mediterranean diet is protective of frailty and functional disability, but not of sarcopenia. More longitudinal studies are needed to understand the relationship between a Mediterranean diet and sarcopenia.11.
Tingzhong Yang Shuhan Jiang Lingwei Yu Randall R. Cottrell Qi Si 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2018,26(2):205-209
Purpose
To examine the association between life stress, uncertainty stress and self-reported illness among Chinese college students.Methods
Participants were 11,942 students who were identified through a multistage survey sampling process that included 50 universities. Stress and illness status were obtained by self-report. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were considered in the analyses.Results
Self-reported short- and long-term illness prevalences were 27.4% (95% CI: 23.9%–30.8%) and 20.0% (95% CI: 17.0%–23.1%), respectively. The logistic regression model found that while uncertainty stress was associated with both categories of illness, life stress was not related to either category of illness.Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance of controlling uncertainty stress and can be used to inform future policies and reinforce the need for uncertainty stress management in China.12.
Leanne Cusack Hind Sbihi Andrew Larkin Angela Chow Jeffrey R. Brook Theo Moraes Piush J. Mandhane Allan B. Becker Meghan B. Azad Padmaja Subbarao Anita Kozyrskyj Tim K. Takaro Malcolm R. Sears Stuart E. Turvey Perry Hystad the CHILD Study Investigators 《International journal of health geographics》2018,17(1):43
Background
A growing number of studies observe associations between the amount of green space around a mother’s home and positive birth outcomes; however, the robustness of this association and potential pathways of action remain unclear.Objectives
To examine associations between mother’s residential green space and term birth weight within the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) study and examine specific hypothesized pathways.Methods
We examined 2510 births located in Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, and Toronto Canada. Green space was estimated around mother’s residences during pregnancy using Landsat 30 m normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We examined hypothesized pathways of: (1) reduction of environmental exposure; (2) built environment features promoting physical activity; (3) psychosocial conditions; and (4) psychological influences. Linear regression was used to assess associations between green space and term birth weight adjusting first for a comprehensive set of confounding factors and then incrementally for pathway variables.Results
Fully adjusted models showed non-statistically significant increases in term birth weight with increasing green space. For example, a 0.1 increase in NDVI within 500 m was associated with a 21.5 g (95% CI ??4.6, 47.7) increase in term birth weight. Associations varied by city and were most robust for high-density locations. For the two largest cities (Vancouver and Toronto), we observed an increase in birth weight of 41.2 g (95% CI 7.8, 74.6) for a 0.1 increase in NDVI within 500 m. We did not observe substantial reductions in the green space effect on birth weight when adjusting for pathway variables.Conclusion
Our results highlight the need to further characterize the interactions between green space, urban density and climate related factors as well as the pathways linking residential green space to birth outcomes.13.
H. Hu J. Wang X. Han Y. Li F. Wang J. Yuan X. Miao H. Yang Meian He 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(8):975-981
Objective
To investigate the association of obesity and all-cause mortality in a sample of middle-aged and elderly population.Design and Setting
Information of participants was collected in the Dongfeng-Tongji study, a perspective cohort study of Chinese occupational population. The main outcome was risk of death after 8.5 years of follow-up.Participants and measurements
We examined the association of BMI, waist circumference (WC, and waist–height ratio (WHtR) with all-cause mortality in the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study (n=26,143). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and net reclassification improvement (NRI) were used to calculate the power of prediction models.Results
During a mean of 8.5 years of follow-up, 2,246 deaths were identified. There is a U-shaped association of BMI with all-cause mortality in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Compared with individuals with normal BMI, underweight was positively (HR=2.16, 95% CI: 1.73, 2.69) while overweight (HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.84) and obesity (HR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.79) were negatively associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for potential confounders including WC. In contrast, WC (Q5 vs. Q1, HR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.29, 1.86) and WHtR (Q5 vs.Q1, HR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.04) were positively associated with mortality after further adjustment for BMI (P trend < 0.001). Addition of both BMI and WC into the all-cause mortality predictive model significantly increased AUC (P =0.0002) and NRI (NRI = 2.57%, P = 0.0007).Conclusions
BMI and WC/WHtR were independently associated with all-cause mortality after mutual adjustment. Combination of BMI and WC/WHtR improved the predictive ability of all-cause mortality risk in the middle-aged and elderly population.14.
W.-J. Lee L.-N. Peng C.-H. Loh Liang-Kung Chen 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(8):959-964
Objectives
To investigate the effect of body weight, waist circumference and their changes on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Design
A nationwide population-based cohort studyParticipants
627 community-dwelling older adults.Measurements
Participants were interviewed for demographic and anthropometric data collected. Blood were drawn for testing biochemistry data. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference is greater than 80 cm for women and 90 cm for men. Obesity, overweight, normal and underweight were defined as BMI ≥27 kg/m2, ≥24 kg/m2,18.5-24 kg/m2 and <18.5 kg/m2. Cox proportion hazard model was used to explore the impact of body weight and its change on mortality.Results
The distribution of weight changes and mortality was right skewed, but U-shape of waist change for all-cause mortality was observed. Compared to normal BMI at baseline, the association between underweight (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.7-4.0), overweight (HR:0.7, 95% CI:0.4-1.2) and obesity (HR:1.3,95% CI:0.8-2.3) showed insignificantly associated with all-cause mortality. The HR of those weight loss >5% (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.8) and waist decrease >5% (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-2.8) were higher than those of stable weight/waist +/- 5% over a 6-year period. Compared to those stable weight/waist, the mortality risk was similar in those of weight gain or waist increase (HR 0.7,95%CI: 0.4-1.5 and HR:0.9, 95%CI:0.4-1.6).Conclusion
Weight loss and waist decrease were significantly associated with long-term mortality risk, a life-course approach for body weight management is needed to pursuit the most optimal health benefits for the middle-aged and older adults.15.
Purpose
Maternal diet with a high glycemic index (GI) is associated with fetal overgrowth and higher infant body adiposity. Effects of low-GI diet on maternal and newborn outcomes have been assessed in both healthy pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus, but the results remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of low-GI diets on maternal and newborn outcomes.Methods
PubMed, Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant randomized trials up to January 2016. Random- or fixed-effects models were used to calculate combined treatment effects.Results
A total of 11 trials involving 1985 women were eligible for analysis. This meta-analysis assessed 7 maternal and 11 newborn outcomes. Of these, gestational weight gain (GWG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), newborn birth weight, ponderal index (PI), proportion of macrosomia, and large for gestational age (LGA) were investigated in more than 8 trials. Compared with control diets, low-GI diets significantly reduced FBG (weight mean differences (WMD) = ?0.18 mmol/L, 95 % CI: ?0.33, ?0.02), 2-h postprandial glucose level (WMD = ?0.33 mmol/L, 95 % CI: ?0.54, ?0.12), and the proportion of LGA (RR = 0.52, 95 % CI: 0.31, 0.89). A lower GWG (WMD = ?0.69 kg, 95 % CI: ?1.74, 0.36) and birth weight (WMD = ?0.10 kg, 95 % CI: ?0.23, 0.03) were also observed without significant differences. Heterogeneity was observed in the GWG, FBG, and birth weight analyses. Low-GI diets did not affect other maternal and newborn outcomes. In subgroup and sensitivity analyses, the intervention effects of low GI on GWG and FBG varied.Conclusions
Low-GI diets may have beneficial effects on maternal outcomes for those at risk of developing high glucose levels, without causing adverse effects on newborn outcomes. However, results should be interpreted with caution because of the evidence of heterogeneity and limited number of studies.16.
Ana Paula Gomes I. Oliveira Bierhals A. L. Gonçalves Soares N. Hellwig E. Tomasi M. C. Formoso Assunção H. Gonçalves 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(3):387-392
Background
Several observational studies have shown association between diet quality and depression, but few studies have explored the interrelationship between these variables.Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the interrelationship between diet quality and depressive symptoms in elderly.Design
Cross-sectional study.Setting
Population based.Participants
1,378 elderly in the city of Pelotas, Brazil.Measurements
The diet quality was assessed by a short food frequency questionnaire and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was estimated by the abbreviated Brazilian version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The association between diet quality and depressive symptoms was assessed using logistic regression.Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.3%. Elderly with low-quality diet were more likely to experience depressive symptoms, and the association was almost twice higher in males than in females (men OR = 3.8, 95% CI 1.4, 10.6; women OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.3). On the other hand, depressive elderly had higher odds of consuming a low-quality diet (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.8). Limitations: Self-reported data and crosssectional design limit our conclusions.Conclusions
The choice of a low-quality diet was associated to a higher risk of depressive symptoms in elderly, and vice-versa. These results highlight the importance of encouraging the choice of healthy food habits, especially in depressed elderly, in order to promote healthy aging.17.
Nazia Darvesh Jai K. Das Tyler Vaivada Michelle F. Gaffey Kumanan Rasanathan Zulfiqar A. Bhutta for the Social Determinants of Health Study Team 《BMC public health》2017,17(4):776
Background
In the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) era, there is growing recognition of the responsibilities of non-health sectors in improving the health of children. Interventions to improve access to clean water, sanitation facilities, and hygiene behaviours (WASH) represent key opportunities to improve child health and well-being by preventing the spread of infectious diseases and improving nutritional status.Methods
We conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating the effects of WASH interventions on childhood diarrhea in children 0–5 years old. Searches were run up to September 2016. We screened the titles and abstracts of retrieved articles, followed by screening of the full-text reports of relevant studies. We abstracted study characteristics and quantitative data, and assessed study quality. Meta-analyses were performed for similar intervention and outcome pairs.Results
Pooled analyses showed diarrhea risk reductions from the following interventions: point-of-use water filtration (pooled risk ratio (RR): 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36–0.62), point-of-use water disinfection (pooled RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60–0.79), and hygiene education with soap provision (pooled RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57–0.94). Quality ratings were low or very low for most studies, and heterogeneity was high in pooled analyses. Improvements to the water supply and water disinfection at source did not show significant effects on diarrhea risk, nor did the one eligible study examining the effect of latrine construction.Conclusions
Various WASH interventions show diarrhea risk reductions between 27% and 53% in children 0–5 years old, depending on intervention type, providing ample evidence to support the scale-up of WASH in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Due to the overall low quality of the evidence and high heterogeneity, further research is required to accurately estimate the magnitude of the effects of these interventions in different contexts.18.
J. Kim Yunhwan Lee C. W. Won K. E. Lee D. Chon 《The journal of nutrition, health & aging》2018,22(7):774-778
Objectives
To examine the association between nutritional status and frailty in older adults.Design
Cross-sectional study.Setting
Community-dwelling older adults were recruited from 10 study sites in South Korea.Participants
1473 volunteers aged 70–84 years without severe cognitive impairment and who participated in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) conducted in 2016.Measurements
Nutritional status was measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF). Frailty was assessed with the Fried’s frailty index. The relationship between nutritional status and frailty was examined using the multinomial regression analysis, adjusting for covariates.Results
Of the respondents 14.3% had poor nutrition (0.8% with malnutrition, 13.5% at risk of malnutrition). There were 10.7% who were frail, with 48.5% being prefrail, and 40.8% robust. Poor nutrition was related to a significantly increased risk of being prefrail (odds ratio [OR]: 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–2.32) and frail (OR: 3.30, 95% CI: 1.96–5.54).Conclusion
Poor nutritional status is strongly associated with frailty in older adults. More research to understand the interdependency between nutritional status and frailty may lead to better management of the two geriatric conditions.19.
Francieli Cembranel Carla de Oliveira Bernardo Silvia Gisele Ibarra Ozcariz David Alejandro González-Chica Eleonora d’Orsi 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2018,26(3):331-338
Objective
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of indicators of healthy food consumption among older adults with diabetes and/or hypertension and whether or not they occur more frequently than in healthy older adults.Methods
Cross-sectional study with 1656 older adults who participated in the first wave of a longitudinal, population-based study held in Florianopolis, Southern Brazil, EpiFloripa Idoso 2009/2010, using the self-reported diagnosis of diabetes and/or hypertension as exposure variable and indicators of healthy food consumption as outcomes.Results
Only 22.7% (95% CI: 20.1–25.3) of females and 29.6% (95% CI:25.8–33.4) of males eat fruit ≥ 3 times/day and vegetables ≥ 2 times/day. More than one third of the sample had frequent consumption (> 2 times/week) of fats from meat/chicken, fried foods and whole milk.Conclusion
We found that the indicators of healthy food consumption do not differ among older adults with and without diabetes and/or hypertension, indicating no adopting of the secondary prevention measures in the treatment of these diseases.20.
Kenya Ie Akiko Murata Masao Tahara Manabu Komiyama Shuhei Ichikawa Yousuke C. Takemura Hirotaka Onishi 《Asia Pacific family medicine》2018,17(1):2