静电喷射法制备聚合物微球和微粒

介绍了静电喷射制备微球、微粒的原理、装置及所用聚合物。总结了静电喷射制备微球、微粒的影响因素及所制备微球、微粒的用途。静电喷射制备微球、微粒的影响因素主要包括电压、聚合物溶液流量、聚合物溶液浓度及电导率。已通过静电喷射制备微球、微粒的聚合物有聚己内酯、聚乳酸、聚丙交酯乙交酯、聚膦腈、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖等,主要用于药物、蛋白质、酶等生物活性分子的包埋研究。     

反向溶液法制备硒纳米纤维正极的电化学性能研究

采用简单的反向溶剂法制备出了直径为100 nm左右的高纯、高结晶度的纳米纤维状硒, 采用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对纤维硒进行结构和形貌的表征。硒纤维电极由于减小了单质硒的尺寸, 因而减缓不导电放电产物Li₂Se在活性物质Se表面附着所引起的“钝化”作用, 从而大大提高了活性物质利用率, 减缓了普通硒电极的容量衰减。与普通硒正极相比, 硒纤维正极具有更高的比容量和循环稳定性, 0.1C(1C=675 mAh/g)倍率下首周放电比容量达到465 mAh/g, 40周后容量保持在213 mAh/g。同时由于缩短了锂离子的扩散路径, 硒纤维电极比普通硒电极具有更高的电化学活性, 其倍率性能得到了大幅提高。     

Solution of Inverse Boundary Optimization Problem by Trefftz Method and Exponentially Convergent Scalar Homotopy Algorithm

The inverse boundary optimization problem, governed by the Helmholtz equation, is analyzed by the Trefftz method (TM) and the exponentially convergent scalar homotopy algorithm (ECSHA). In the inverse boundary optimization problem, the position for part of boundary with given boundary condition is unknown, and the position for the rest of boundary with additionally specified boundary conditions is given. Therefore, it is very difficult to handle the boundary optimization problem by any numerical scheme. In order to stably solve the boundary optimization problem, the TM, one kind of boundary-type meshless methods, is adopted in this study, since it can avoid the generation of mesh grid and numerical integration. In the boundary optimization problem governed by the Helmholtz equation, the numerical solution of TM is expressed as linear combination of the T-complete functions. When this problem is considered by TM, a system of nonlinear algebraic equations will be formed and solved by ECSHA which will converge exponentially. The evolutionary process of ECSHA can acquire the unknown coefficients in TM and the spatial position of the unknown boundary simultaneously. Some numerical examples will be provided to demonstrate the ability and accuracy of the proposed scheme. Besides, the stability of the proposed meshless method will be validated by adding some noise into the boundary conditions.     

电子束沉积SiC/ZrO2热防护层的结构优化及其抗热震性能

高性能辐射热防护层是高超声速飞行器金属热防护系统的重要组成部分。为获得高性能的热防护层,利用L5 EB-PVD电子束物理气相沉积设备在Haynes 214镍基合金表面沉积了SiC/ZrO2防护层,测试了其在热循环条件下的抗热震性能;通过分析其沉积温度及厚度对残余热应力的影响,确定了热防护层的沉积工艺参数。结果表明:热防护层在800℃和900℃循环80次后未出现明显的宏观裂纹;1000℃循环60次后,SiC表面层应力集中区出现裂纹,在交变热应力作用下,裂纹不断扩展形成网状龟裂纹,最终导致热防护层剥落;热膨胀系数不匹配导致热防护层在急冷急热热震过程中产生热应力是导致其失效的主要原因。     

基于优化模型求解方法的多级供应链生产-库存研究进展与趋势

多级生产-库存系统协调运营是供应链运作的重点问题,由现实问题抽象出优化模型,能通过各种求解方法得出运营结果。本文从解析法、数学规划法、启发式算法、其他运筹方法4个方面对多级生产-库存问题的研究文献进行归纳与分析,总结多级生产-库存问题求解方法的研究进展,发现未来研究新趋势。     

优化米曲霉固体发酵产果胶酶及产物酶学性质

以麸皮为基质,橘皮粉添加量、氮源、培养基初始含水量和发酵时间为因子,采用响应面法的中心组合设计,对影响米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzaeJL14)固体发酵产果胶酶的条件进行了优化.结果表明,橘皮粉、硫酸铵的最适添加量分别为13.2%和2.3%,初始含水量为63.5%,发酵时间为77.0 h,米曲霉果胶酶产量最大预测值达316.4 U/g发酵产物,实验验证值为310.7 U/g发酵产物,是基础培养基酶产量的3.3倍.该米曲霉果胶酶(PG)的最适温度为50℃,Tm为55.9℃,其热稳定性较差;最适pH为4.0,属于嗜酸性果胶酶,在pH 5.0~8.0范围内稳定性较好,处理1 h后残余酶活均在80%以上.PG的Km和Vmax分别为7.06 mg/mL和62.5μmol-1.min.mL-1.PG能快速降低果胶溶液的黏度.该研究为提高橘皮利用率和酶法生产高品质果胶低聚糖奠定基础.