中国广西金线鲃属一新种(鲤形目,鲤科,鲃亚科)

2001年5月作者于广西环江县驯乐乡顺宁村采集到金线鲃属盲鱼5尾,经鉴定为一新种.新种眼睛完全退化,头后急剧隆起但尚未形成额骨突等体型特征与无眼金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus Chen et Chu,1988相似,而明显有别于属内其他物种.但两者在以下性状上又存在明显区别:1)新种背鳍硬刺纤弱;而无眼金线鲃的背鳍硬刺比较粗壮;2)新种背部自额骨后隆起,但是额骨顶部并不隆起;无眼金线鲃则自眼眶上方的额骨顶部开始显著隆起,直至肩部;3)新种侧线平直;无眼金线鲃的侧线在腹鳍和臀鳍之间的上方有一比较明显的向上弯曲;4)新种胸鳍长,超过腹鳍起点;无眼金线鲃胸鳍不超过腹鳍起点;5)分布区亦有所不同,新种分布于柳江水系;无眼金线鲃则分布于南盘江水系.此外,在一些可测性状上二者亦有区别,在标准长与体高和头长的比例、尾柄长与尾柄高的比例、侧线鳞的数目等性状上都有所差异.     

中国广西金线鲃属盲鱼一新种及其生境（鲤科，鲃亚科）

2002年8月28日在广西田林县平山乡一洞穴地下河中采到1尾鱼类标本,经鉴定为鲤科鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类1新种,定名为田林金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis sp.nov．。鉴别特征：眼退化;吻突出,呈鸭嘴状;头后部急剧隆起,形成一向前不分叉的额骨;新鲜标本体半透明。新种与白斑金线鲃S．albeoguttatus、鸭嘴金线鳃S．anatirostris、无眼金线鲃S．anophthalmus和透明金线鲃S．hyalinus较相近,而与其他已知种不同。模式标本保存中国科学院动物研究所。     

广西盲鱼一新种及其系统关系分析(鲤形目:鲤科:鲃亚科)

经鉴定,采自广西天峨县溶洞的盲鱼为金线鲃属一新种,依形态特征命名为叉背金线Ｓｉｎｏｃｙｌｏｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ　ｆｕｒｃｏｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓ　ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．,根据主要特征分析认为：新种适应洞穴环境相关性状特化程度大致与鸭嘴金线鲃相当;新种及其若干近似种的物种形成,是营半穴居生活的类似长须金线鲃的祖先适应辐射的结果。     

广西溶洞内生活的盲鱼——金线鲃属一新种

本文记述的金线鲃属一新种——鸭嘴金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus anatirostris, sp. nov.发现于广西凌云和乐业两地的溶洞内。这一种鱼由于长期在黑暗的洞穴环境里生活,产生了一系列的适应性变化,而与金线鲃属的已知各个种有十分显著的区别:鲜活鱼体呈半透明,无斑点,体侧沿纵轴隐约可见一条浅粉红色条纹;身体裸露,或残留少数退化的鳞片,侧线管穿孔于皮褶上,眼退化,仅留痕迹;吻部长而平扁,形似鸭嘴;额骨前端有一小嵴,突出于盲眼痕迹之上方;鳔后室退化呈细管状。尽管如此,而其它性状均与金线鲃属的特征相符,故定为该属一新种。       

云南红河水系金线鲃属鱼类一新种——西畴金线鲃

该文记述了采集自云南省文山州西畴县兴街镇干海子(红河水系)一洞穴的鲤科鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类一新种,命名为西畴金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus xichouensis Pan,Li,Yang et Chen sp.nov.)。该新种眼睛正常,背鳍末根不分枝,鳍条变粗变硬,后缘3/5具锯齿,与属内分布在邻近南盘江水系的已知种大眼金线鲃(S.macrophthalmus)、圭山金线鲃(S.guishanensis)、狭孔金线鲃(S.angustiporus)、侧条金线鲃(S.lateristritus)、丘北金线鲃(S.qiubeiensis)、滇池金线鲃(S.grahami)、曲靖金线鲃(S.qujingensis)、麻花金线鲃(S.maculatus)、紫色金线鲃(S.purpureus)及疑似红河水系易门金线鲃(S.yimenensis)相似。籍第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙9以下的特征,可与大眼金线鲃相区别;眼间距为体长的8.1%～9.9%,吻须后伸超过眼后缘,口角须后伸超过前鳃盖骨后缘,可与圭山金线鲃相区别;背鳍起点与腹鳍起点相对,体侧沿侧线无黑色横带,可与侧条金线鲃相区别;侧线鳞74～88,侧线上鳞20,侧线下鳞16,可与滇池金线鲃相区别;侧线弯曲,侧线鳞74～88,围尾柄鳞48,可与曲靖金线鲃相区别;背鳍前距为体长的47.1%～53.7%,背鳍基长为体长的12.8%～15.8%,臀鳍前距为体长的66.0%～71.0%,臀鳍长为体长的13.7%～17.1%,胸鳍前距为体长的26.0%～29.5%,尾柄长为体长的19.3%～24.7%,下颌长为体长的4.7%～7.0%,明显区别于易门金线鲃;全身被鳞,具侧线鳞,可与其分布邻近的麻花金线鲃和紫色金线鲃相区别;背鳍前鳞35～39,鳃耙6,眼间距为体长的8.1%～9.9%,可与狭孔金线鲃及丘北金线鲃相区别。     

阿庐金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus aluensis Liet Xiao,2005)物种有效性及其重新描述

阿庐金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus aluensis Li et Xiao,2005)曾为狭孔金线鲃(S.angustiporus Zheng et Xie,1985)的同物异名。该文在比对采自云南泸西县城郊龙潭的金线鲃标本和狭孔金线鲃模式标本后发现,两者间存在明显且稳定的形态差异,因此,阿庐金线鲃应为有效种。阿庐金线鲃背鳍起点位于腹鳍起点垂直线之后,可与狭孔金线鲃(背鳍起点与腹鳍起点正相对或稍前)相区别,且前者眼径及眼球径较小,而眼间距较宽(阿庐金线鲃分别为头长的22.4%～29.7%、16.0%～23.6%及21.0%～32.3%,狭孔金线鲃分别为头长的26.4%～38.9%、21.3%～29.0%及19.7%～22.6%)。     

金线鲃属鱼类一新种(鲤形目:鲤科)

作者于1986年6月在贵州盘县一溶洞的水体中采到金线鲃属鱼类一新种,命名为角金线鲃,新种Sinocyclocheilus angularis sp. nov.。本新种形状怪异,头背缘末端具一朝前的角状突,其内有顶骨突;眼正常;侧线鳞明显;鳔后室发达等特征而易与金线鲃属其他种相区别。     

无眼金线鲃及其保护

无眼金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus）是一种典型洞穴鱼类,已知只分布在云南宜良九乡麦田河畔的个别溶洞中,种群数量比较稀少,被列为濒危种类,亟待开展有效的保护,有关科学调查则是保护工作顺利进行的基础？利用现有条件,扩大附近已有的保护区的保护范围,是比较切实可行的保护方案。     

贵州金线鲃属鱼类一新种记述(鲤形目,鲤科)

描记采于贵州省荔波县茂兰自然保护区范围内的尧兰村地下河中的金线鲃属一新种,命名为尧兰金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus yaolanensis Zhou, Li et Hou, sp. nov.新种的胸鳍、腹鳍和臀鳍等性状以及体形大致与东兰金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus donglanensis和高肩金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus altishoulderus相似.但是,新种的侧线鳞与二者都具有一定差距,新种的侧线鳞为52(20-21)/(10-11)54;东兰金线鲃为44(14-17)/(9-11)52;高肩金线鲃为54(14-17)/(9-11)58.     

贵州金线鲃属鱼类一新种记述(鲤形目,鲤科),封四

描记2009年8月采自贵州省荔波县茂兰自然保护区内洞塘乡地下河中的金线鲃属一新种,命名为洞塘金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus dongtangensis Zhou,Liu et Wang,sp.nov,正模标本编号为:20091123005,全长213.02 mm,体长167.12 mm;副模标本编号:20091123002,全长182.36 mm,体长139.26 mm.背鳍ⅲ-8,臀鳍ⅲ-5,胸鳍ⅰ-15-16,腹鳍ⅱ-8,尾鳍分枝鳍条16,不分枝鳍条10,下咽齿3行,2·3·4-4·3·2.该种的胸鳍和臀鳍等性状以及体形大致与巨须金线鲃S.hugeibarbus、高肩金线鲃S.altishoulderus和尧兰金线鲃S.yaolanensis相似,但新种的侧线鳞和第1鳃弓鳃耙数与三者都有一定差距,新种的侧线鳞为6520-26/16-1867;巨须金线鲃为6628-31/14-16-v71;高肩金线鲃为5414-17/9-11-v58; 尧兰金线鲃为5220-21/10-1154.新种的第1鳃弓鳃耙数为15;巨须金线鲃为9～11;高肩金线鲃为10～12;尧兰金线鲃为12～14.     

A homozygous female hemophilia A

BACKGROUND:

Hemophilia A (HA), being an X-linked recessive disorder, females are rarely affected, although they can be carriers.

AIMS:

To study the mutation in F8 gene in an extended family with a homozygous female HA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

All the seven affected members (six males and one female) were initially screened by Conformation Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis (CSGE) and direct DNA sequencing.

RESULTS:

A homozygous missense mutation c.1315G>A (p.Gly420Ser) was identified in exon 9 of F8 gene in homozygous state in the affected female born of 1° consanguinous marriage and in all the affected male members of the family. Her factor VIII levels was found to be 5.5%, vWF:Ag 120%.

CONCLUSION:

In India, as consanguineous marriages are very common in certain communities (up to 30%), the likelihood of encountering female hemophilia is higher, although this is the first case of HA out of 1600 hemophilia families registered in our Comprehensive Haemophilia Care Center. Genetic diagnosis in such cases is not necessary as all the male children will be affected and daughters obligatory carriers.     

A glucoside of urospermal A

The aerial parts of Urospermum picroides afforded, in addition to urospermal A a p-hydroxylphenyl acetate of a glucoside of urospermal A.     

Quadruplexes of human telomere DNA analogs designed to contain G:A:G:A,G:G:A:A,and A:A:A:A tetrads

Replacement of two to four guanines by adenines in the human telomere DNA repeat dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ did not hinder the formation of quadruplexes if the substitutions took place in the terminal tetrad bridged by the diagonal loop of the intramolecular antiparallel three‐tetrad scaffold, as proved by CD and PAGE in both Na⁺ and K⁺ solutions. Thermodynamic data showed that, in Na⁺ solution, the dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex was destabilized, the least by the two G:A:G:A tetrads, the most by the G:G:A:A tetrad in which the adenosines replaced syn‐guanosines. In physiological K⁺ solution, the highest destabilization was caused by the 4A tetrad. In K⁺, only the unmodified dG₃(TTAG₃)₃ quadruplex rearranged into a K⁺‐dependent quadruplex form, none of the multiple adenine‐modified structures did so. This may imply biological consequences for nonrepaired A‐for‐G mutations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 93: 880–886, 2010.     

Aminopeptidase A is angiotensinase A

Summary Quantitative histochemical measurements of aminopeptidase A (APA; E.C.3.4.11.7) were done kinetically in the kidney glomeruli of rat and mouse with an instrumental setup consisting of a microdensitometer and a computer-supported morphometric system. The histochemical demonstration of APA was carried out using the simultaneous azo coupling technique (purest-grade Fast Blue B as coupling agent and -l-glutamic acid-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide as substrate). The methodological studies show that APA activity is calcium-ion-dependent and increases linearly with the thickness of the tissue section (3–12 m) and that the time-course of APA activity as determined by linear regression is linear only for the first 1 to 2 min of the reaction. — Kinetic measurements indicate a 40% decrease in APA activities when -l-glutamic acid-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (-l-Glu-MNA) is replaced by -l-aspartic acid-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide. When -l-Glu-MNA is replaced with l-alanine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide, which is a substrate of aminopeptidase M (APM) only very low reaction rates are measurable (about 1.4% of those with -l-Glu-MNA). 100 and 130 mM NaCl in the incubation medium increase APA activities by approximately 16%–17%. — To clarify the functional importance of APA in the kidney, their activities were measured under the influence of angiotensins. The glomerulus was selected as the measuring site, for besides APA it contains no APM or other peptidases that could degrade angiotensins (the glomerular dipeptidyl peptidase IV is not inhibited by angiotensin II). Using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, we determined a K _m of 0.16 mM for the APA in rat glomeruli and 0.14 mM in mouse glomeruli. The V _max in mouse glomeruli is 1.6 times higher than in rat glomeruli. Ang iotensin I, II and III competitively inhibit APA in the rat and mouse glomeruli. — With quantitative histochemical techniques it was possible to show that APA is equivalent to angiotensinase A (splitting off the N-terminal aspartic acid from angiotensin I and II).Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 105)     

关于一个“基细胞”的疑问

有或没有基细胞是毛鞘藻属(Bulbochaets)与枝鞘藻属(Oedocladium)的区别之一。这里叙述了Mrozinska在其专著(1985)中,将Oedocladium indicum Kama附图(即模式图)上的一个基细胞错误地移置到Oe.PrescottiiIslam上去的情况。     

关于一个"基细胞"的疑问

有或没有基细胞是毛鞘藻属与枝鞘藻属的区别之一。这里叙述了Ｍｒｏｚｉｎｓｋａ在其专著中,将Ｏｅｄｏｃｌａｄｉｕｍ ｉｎｄｉｃｕｍ Ｋａｍａｔ附图（即模式图）上的一个基细胞错误地移置到Ｏｅ．ｐｒｅｓｃｏｔｔｉｉ Ｉｓｌａｍ上去的情况。