多种酶法处理提高马铃薯回生抗性淀粉制备率

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,以抗性淀粉制备产率为考察指标,研究α–淀粉酶、糖化酶和纤维素酶种类、酶加量、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解pH、多种酶最佳配比及酶解顺序对RS3型抗性淀粉制备产率影响。固定条件:淀粉乳10%,高压温度120℃,高压时间30min,老化温度4℃,老化时间12h,糖化酶单独处理制备马铃薯回生抗性淀粉最佳酶解工艺条件为:糖化酶加量为1,200U/mL,酶解时间为60min,pH为5.0,酶解温度为55℃,制备产率达8.862%;纤维素酶单独处理制备马铃薯回生抗性淀粉最佳酶解工艺条件为:纤维素酶加量为40U/mL,酶解时间为45min,pH为5.0,酶解温度为35℃,制备产率达17.748%。α–淀粉酶、糖化酶和纤维素酶两两联合处理、三种酶共同处理均使马铃薯回生抗性淀粉制备产率降低;而纤维素酶处理可大大提高马铃薯回生抗性淀粉制备产率。RS3制备过程系为通过破坏纤维素等阻隔淀粉分子聚集的非淀粉物质提高制备产率,比将淀粉分子分解从颗粒结构中释放出以提高RS3制备产率更为有效。     

超声波对甘薯回生抗性淀粉生成的作用

以甘薯淀粉为原料,研究超声波作用时间、作用温度、作用顺序、盐离子以及淀粉乳浓度对回生抗性淀粉制备产率的影响。研究结果表明,超声波作用下制备回生抗性淀粉的最佳工艺条件为:淀粉乳浓度20%,NaCl的最佳加入量为每100 mL淀粉乳2.0 g,α-淀粉酶加入量200 U/100 mL,酶解时间30 min,酶解温度95℃,超声波作用在酶解和高压之间,超声波作用时间60 min,作用温度30℃,压热温度120℃,压热时间30 min,老化时间12 h,在这种工艺条件下,甘薯回生抗性淀粉产率最高为8.2%,比未经超声波作用的2.5%提高了2.28倍。     

电解法和微波法联合处理提高甘薯淀粉回生率

以甘薯淀粉为原料,采用电解、微波复合法制备回生抗性淀粉;以抗性淀粉制备率为考察指标,讨论微波、电解顺序对回生抗性淀粉制备产率的影响。最佳工艺为：淀粉→糊化→高压→微波→电解→老化→酶解→离心→干燥;最佳工艺参数：淀粉乳质量浓度50 g/L,高压温度120℃,高压时间30 min,糊化温度90℃,糊化时间30min,微波功率400 W,处理时间4 min,电解电压90 V,电解时间2 min,老化温度4℃,老化时间12 h。在此工艺条件下,甘薯回生抗性淀粉产率为24%,比空白组12%产率提高了1倍。     

酶法结合高压法制备甘薯回生抗性淀粉

本试验以甘薯淀粉为原料,采用酶解-压热法制备RS3型抗性淀粉,研究了淀粉乳浓度、压热时间、压热温度、α-淀粉酶、预糊化时间、pH值以及冷藏时间和温度对抗性淀粉制备产率的影响。结果表明：甘薯回生抗性淀粉最佳制备条件为：甘薯淀粉乳浓度为10%;α-淀粉酶加量为120U/ml;预糊化时间为30min;最佳压热温度为120℃,压热处理时间为30min;老化温度为4℃,时间为12 h。采用此工艺制备甘薯回生抗性淀粉,其制备产率可达到7.365%。     

纤维素酶-压热法制备马铃薯抗性淀粉工艺参数优化

为了提高抗性淀粉的得率,并获得抗性淀粉制备方法的最佳工艺参数,该试验以马铃薯淀粉为原料,抗性淀粉得率为评价指标,采用纤维素酶-压热法制备马铃薯抗性淀粉。研究淀粉乳浓度、酶添加量、酶解时间、压热温度、压热时间5个因素对马铃薯抗性淀粉得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化得出马铃薯抗性淀粉的最佳制备工艺条件,即淀粉乳含量25%、淀粉乳pH 5.0、酶用量30 U/mL、酶解时间50 min、压热温度125 ℃、压热时间30 min、老化温度4 ℃、老化时间18 h,在此条件下抗性淀粉的得率为30.33%。     

响应面优化α-淀粉酶水解制备银杏抗性淀粉工艺研究

以银杏为原料,研究α-淀粉酶水解制备银杏抗性淀粉工艺。以银杏抗性淀粉得率为指标,探讨α-淀粉酶用量、pH、酶解温度、酶解时间、高压处理温度、高压处理时间、老化温度和老化时间对银杏抗性淀粉得率的影响。结果表明,响应面法优化α-淀粉酶水解制备银杏抗性淀粉的最佳工艺条件:加酶量为8.0U/g,pH为5.8,酶解温度为88.7℃,酶解时间为19.3 min,高压处理温度为120℃,高压处理时间为35 min,老化温度为3℃,老化时间为24 h,在该工艺条件下银杏抗性淀粉得率可达24.12%。为银杏抗性淀粉的开发提供参考。     

中温α-淀粉酶处理提高甘薯回生抗性淀粉制备率

以甘薯淀粉为原料,以抗性淀粉制备产率为考察指标,研究中温α–淀粉酶处理对RS3型抗性淀粉制备产率影响。结果表明,中温α–淀粉酶处理制备甘薯回生抗性淀粉最佳工艺条件为:淀粉乳10%,中温α–淀粉酶添加量为0.02 U/mL,酶解温度80℃,酶解时间15 min,淀粉乳pH7.0;在最佳条件下制备甘薯回生抗性淀粉产率达25.45%,比对照组提高1.68倍。     

酶解-压热法制备淮山药抗性淀粉

以淮山药淀粉为原料,通过正交试验研究酶解-压热法制备抗性淀粉的最佳工艺参教.在压热法的最佳工艺基础上,通过使用普鲁蓝酶处理淀粉,使产率大大提高,该法所得的产率最高可达16.47%左右.确定压热处理最佳工艺条件为淀粉乳浓度25%,pH值8.0,121℃压热处理40 min,冷藏老化时间为36 h.确定制备抗性淀粉的最佳酶作用参数为加酶量4 U/g干淀粉,作用温度55℃,作用时间8 h.     

不同压热条件对蚕豆抗性淀粉制备的影响

采用高压灭菌锅时蚕豆淀粉进行压热处理,分析不同压热和回生条件对蚕豆抗性淀粉生成的影响.淀粉乳浓度、压热时间及温度、回生时间及温度对蚕豆抗性淀粉的终产率都有显著影响,适合蚕豆抗性淀粉生成的条件是:淀粉乳浓度30%、125℃压热处理45min、4%下回生24h,抗性淀粉产率为46.78%.     

微波-酶法制备马铃薯抗性淀粉工艺参数的优化

以马铃薯精制淀粉为原料,抗性淀粉得率为评价指标,通过单因素及正交试验确定了微波-酶解法制备马铃薯抗性淀粉的最佳工艺条件:在淀粉乳质量分数15%,微波作用时间90 s,微波作用功率800 W,耐高温α-淀粉酶添加量10 CU/g干淀粉,耐高温α-淀粉酶作用时间30 min,普鲁兰酶添加量0.10 PUN(G)/g干淀粉,普鲁兰酶酶解时间6 h,普鲁兰酶作用温度55℃的条件下,4℃老化24 h。经重复验证,RS得率最高达14.0%。     

Effect of Pullulanase Debranching of Sago (Metroxylon sagu) Starch at Subgelatinization Temperature on the Yield of Resistant Starch

The effects of pullulanase debranching of sago (Metroxylon sagu) starch in the granular state and subsequent physical treatments on the formation and yield of type III resistant starch (RS 3) have been investigated. Sago starch was enzymatically debranched with pullulanase at 60°C and at pH 5.0 using different enzyme concentrations (24, 30, 40, 50 PUN/g dry starch) which was added to 20% (w/v) starch slurry and incubated for 0 to 48 h. Optimum enzyme concentration of 40 PUN/g dry starch and three debranching times (8, 16 and 24 h) have been selected for subsequent preparation of RS. Granule morphology and molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the debranched and resistant starch were examined. Debranched starch samples showed blurred birefringence patterns, a decrease in amylopectin fraction, an increase in low molecular weight fraction and a broadening of MWD. Debranched starch samples with a maximum RS yield of 7% were obtained at 8 h debranching time. Temperature cycling and incubation at certain temperature and storage time enhanced the formation of RS. Under the conditions used in this study, the optimum conditions to obtain the highest RS yield (11.6%) were 8 h of debranching time, followed by incubation at 80°C for seven days. The MWD analysis showed that RS consisted of material with relatively low degree of polymerization. This study showed that pullulanase treatment of starch in the granular state resulted in limited debranching of amylopectin but the subsequent physical treatments (incubation time/temperature) can be manipulated to promote crystallization and enhance formation of RS 3.     

小麦缓慢消化淀粉的制备工艺研究

本试验主要研究了酶学方法和湿热法制备小麦缓慢消化淀粉的影响因素和最优工艺条件。酶法制备小麦缓慢消化淀粉（SDS）实验通过控制普鲁兰酶用量、淀粉乳浓度、酶解时间、储藏温度和储藏时间等因素对样品中SDS含量的影响。湿热法制备小麦SDS实验通过近似的方法考察了热处理温度、热处理时间、贮存时间等因素。结果表明,酶法制备小麦SDS的最优工艺为淀粉乳浓度20%（干基）,普鲁兰酶用量8 ASPU/mL,酶解时间4 h,储藏温度4℃,储藏时间2 d,SDS最高含量为52.8%。湿热法制备小麦SDS的最优工艺为热处理温度120℃,热处理时间1 h、贮存时间18 h,SDS最高含量为36.5%。     

压热法制备白扁豆抗性淀粉的研究

研究压热法制备白扁豆抗性淀粉的工艺参数.以白扁豆淀粉为原料,采用压热法制备RS3型抗性淀粉,并通过单因素试验和正交试验,以抗性淀粉的产率作为评价指标确定抗性淀粉制备的最佳工艺参数.实验结果表明抗性淀粉制备的最佳工艺参数为淀粉糊浓度15%,pH为8,温度为125℃,时间为1.5 h,老化处理时间为36h,在此工艺条件下制...     

双酶法水解橡子淀粉工艺研究

为掌握中温α-淀粉酶和糖化酶联合水解橡子淀粉的工艺条件,该研究在单因素试验的基础上,运用正交试验设计方法对橡子中的淀粉水解工艺进行了研究和优化。结果表明,橡子淀粉最佳液化工艺条件为中温α-淀粉酶添加量30 U/g,液化温度70 ℃,CaCl2添加量0.3%,液化pH 7.5,液化时间120 min,葡萄糖当量（DE）值为27.79%;最佳糖化工艺条件为糖化酶添加量300 U/g,糖化温度50 ℃,糖化pH 4.5,糖化时间120 min,DE值为48.13%。     

Enhancement of Resistant Starch (RS3) in Amylomaize,Barley, Field Pea and Lentil Starches

Native starches isolated from amylomaize. Glacier high amylose barley, field peas and lentils contained 3–5% (w/w) resistant starch (RS3). Retrograded gels that were prepared from these starches had higher RS3 (6–9%) contents. The effects of gel concentration (% starch), storage temperature and time on the RS3 content of the retrograded gels were investigated; the optimum RS3 content was determined in gels prepared at = 10% (w/v) starch concentration and stored under = 20°C for = 5 days. Annealing of the retrograded starch gels by heating and cooling cycles, further enhanced RS3 content to 9–19%; the effect of annealing temperature and number of heat-cool cycles on the RS3 content of the annealed gel were studied. The hydrolysis of retrograded starch gels by pulanase enzyme or acid (2.2 N HCl), prior to annealing, enhanced the RS3 formation during annealing; the enzyme or acid treatment increased RS3 content of the annealed gel to 15–24% or 17–24%, respectively. The potential molecular mechanism that is responsible for the RS3 increase is discussed.     

Determination of Optimum Conditions for Enzymatic Debranching of Cassava Starch and Synthesis of Resistant Starch Type III using Central Composite Rotatable Design

Cassava starch was debranched by treatment with isoamylase and pullulanase and the yield of resistant starch type III (RS III) optimized with respect to starch solids concentration (7.5‐15%, w/v), incubation time (8‐24 h) and enzyme concentration using central composite rotatable design. Higher concentrations of pullulanase (10‐35 U/g starch) compared to isoamylase (30–90 mU/g starch) were required to give a similar degree of starch hydrolysis within the experimental domain. A clear debranching end‐point was identifiable by following the reducing value, blue value and β‐hydrolysis limit of cassava starches debranched using isoamylase. It was difficult to define a debranching endpoint of pullulanase treatment by these parameters due to contaminating α‐D ‐(1→4) activity. The yield of RS III was significantly higher in isoamylolysates and increased steadily with increasing degree of hydrolysis to peak at 57.3%. Purification of the debranched material further increased the RS III yield to 64.1%. Prolonged (24 h) hydrolysis of cassava starch with high concentration of pullulanase (35 U/g) gave lower RS III contents in the purified (34.2%) and unpurified (36.2%) hydrolysates compared to 49.5 and 62.4%, respectively, at moderate pullulanase concentration (22.5 U/g) and incubation time (16 h).