蒸压反应釜防腐蚀研究

分析了蒸压反应釜腐蚀的原因;通过对比试验研究了各种防腐方法及效果，最终确定电弧喷涂铝复合涂层可解决反应釜的腐蚀；计算了该复合涂层的寿命，结果显示，反应釜采用复合涂层可提高服务寿命1倍以上，节约钢材约20%.     

缩合反应釜应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的原因分析及预防措施

应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)是化工设备腐蚀失效的主要形式。文章分析缩合反应釜应力腐蚀开裂的原因,提出预防缩合反应釜应力腐蚀措施。     

草甘膦生产用不锈钢反应釜腐蚀的显微分析

某农药厂草甘膦生产反应釜由304不锈钢制成,使用不到2个月即出现了严重的腐蚀。通过对釜壁和充氧器气顶板试样的母材、焊缝等处的金相显微分析,确定了反应釜母材试样及充氧器气顶板试样的腐蚀形式主要是封闭或敞口的小孔腐蚀;反应釜母材虽有晶间腐蚀的倾向,但尚未发生晶间腐蚀;反应釜的充氧器气顶板还出现了应力腐蚀裂纹。在此基础上,提...     

真空结晶机搅拌装置结构优化设计

针对硝铵结晶反应釜扩容后工作负荷增加,反应釜搅拌装置振动和噪声随之上升,导致搅拌装置轴承、填料磨损加剧,反应釜密封不严等问题,提出此类设备改造的基本原则;结合试验对搅拌机架、搅拌轴密封和填料、减振装置进行了重新设计,解决了反应釜搅拌装置的振动和噪声问题,延长了搅拌装置轴承、填料寿命,提高了生产效率和产品质量。     

染料厂反应釜衬里腐蚀原因分析

某染料厂在生产化工染料过程中,发生了物料从反应釜内渗漏的事故,中断生产后检查发现反应釜衬里严重腐蚀开裂,直接经济损失4万元以上,耽误生产约3个月。本文查明了反应釜衬里腐蚀原因,并提出适合生产工艺条件的耐蚀钢种及防护措施。     

常规武器装备的腐蚀控制设计

根据常规武器装备的结构特点及使用、贮存环境条件,简述了腐蚀对其危害;阐明了对常规武器装备进行腐蚀控制设计的重要性、必要性。依据多年武器装备腐蚀控制设计经验,从装备的全寿命期出发,总结了武器装备腐蚀控制设计的基本步骤和内容,绘制了武器装备全寿命期的腐蚀控制设计示意图,对武器装备腐蚀控制设计的系统化、规范化及提高防腐蚀水平、减少损失都具有重要意义。     

红岛航道桥钢箱梁疲劳寿命分析及腐蚀影响

采用实测数据对红岛航道桥的钢箱梁疲劳寿命进行了分析,并研究了材料腐蚀对钢箱梁抗疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,红岛航道桥钢箱梁具有良好的抗疲劳寿命,大于青岛海湾大桥的设计寿命值;在海洋腐蚀环境中,红岛航道桥钢箱梁仍具有良好的抗疲劳性能,不会因腐蚀而产生疲劳破坏。     

两栖车辆系统腐蚀模型及寿命预测技术研究综述

综述了国内外腐蚀模型及腐蚀寿命评估技术的研究现状,描述了两栖车辆系统腐蚀特点,设计了其腐蚀数据库结构组成及数据采集方案,指出了基于两栖车辆系统腐蚀预测模型建立方法。     

氯化聚乙烯反应釜内部锆复合层失效分析

通过金相检验、能谱分析、物相分析等技术手段对反应釜内部锆复合层焊缝处开裂问题进行分析,结果表明:该反应釜内部锆复合层的主要腐蚀形式包括点蚀、晶间腐蚀以及由于第二相引起的腐蚀;点蚀发生的主要原因是金属基体和氧化膜之间形成活化—钝化腐蚀电池,从而不断地从表面向内部腐蚀,形成点蚀;局部严重腐蚀的主要原因是在焊接过程中气体保护不充分,焊接时导热性不好或焊接参数过高,造成在焊缝处形成二氧化锆,导致晶界和晶粒之间存在电化学不均匀性,从而产生晶间腐蚀。     

集输管线钢在CO_2/油/水多相流环境中的腐蚀行为

设计正交试验,采用失重法在高温高压反应釜中研究X65钢在CO_2/油/水多相流环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:原油含水率为集输管线钢CO_2腐蚀的主控因素,对腐蚀速率的影响显著;X65钢腐蚀产物膜晶粒呈胞状颗粒堆积,堆积不紧密且存在空隙,与基体结合松散,对基体保护作用弱,试样表面呈现均匀腐蚀形态,局部存在点蚀坑,X65钢抗CO_2腐蚀性能较差;原油低含水率与高含水率时X65钢表面腐蚀膜的组成基本相同,都主要是FeCO_3和Fe。     

基于响应面法的铁表面PTFE涂层的使用寿命研究

目的模拟生活中不粘锅的使用环境,采用响应面法预测铁表面PTFE涂层的使用寿命,为生活中合理使用不粘锅提供支撑。方法通过响应面法考察转速和载荷对铁表面PTFE涂层使用寿命的影响,采用中心组合试验设计(CCD)考察载荷以及转速对于铁表面PTFE涂层使用寿命的影响及其相互作用。结果载荷和转速对于涂层使用寿命的影响都极为显著,检验值(F)都小于0.0001。通过试验设计软件得出使用寿命与转速和载荷的二阶多项式方程,并且复相关系数R2为0.9951,能解释99.51%响应值的变化,因此模型能够较准确地预测铁表面PTFE涂层的使用寿命。该实验工况下铁表面PTFE涂层的最佳使用参数分别为转速200r/min和载荷25 N,此时涂层寿命为147 min左右。结论模拟日常生活中使用不粘锅的实际情况,并运用响应面法分析和预测PTFE涂层的使用寿命具有科学性和可操作性,能够很好地指导生活中安全使用不粘锅。     

核级不锈钢高温水腐蚀疲劳机制及环境疲劳设计模型

通过模拟核电高温高压循环水腐蚀疲劳实验,研究了国产核级不锈钢的环境疲劳损伤行为与失效机制;评价了影响不锈钢高温高压水疲劳寿命的环境和载荷等因素,建立了一个植入环境损伤效应的疲劳设计模型,给出了便于工程应用的核级不锈钢的环境疲劳设计曲线.     

Analysis of the parameters affecting probabilistic predictions of initiation time for carbonation‐induced corrosion of reinforced concrete structures

Probabilistic approaches are available for service life design of reinforced concrete structures subjected to reinforcement corrosion. The International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib) has proposed a model code where design equations and related parameters, involving materials properties, exposure conditions and construction details, are reported. This paper investigates the role of design parameters in the prediction of service life by applying the fib design procedure to existing structures suffering carbonation‐induced corrosion. Results of the modelling were compared to results of the inspection and a significant difference was observed. In order to investigate the reasons for this difference, the roles of concrete cover thickness and carbonation depth were considered separately in the modelling of service life. The concrete cover thickness had a significant effect on the output of the service life modelling, which however was not sufficient to explain the discrepancy between in situ and modelling results. The modelled values of carbonation depth were also affected by errors; sensitivity analysis showed that, although some parameters had higher influence than others, no single parameter had a predominant role.     

An Approach to Life Cycle Oriented Technical Service Design

The importance of technical, i.e. product related services has significantly increased over the past years. Traditionally, technical services are provided during product usage. In light of the potential impact of technical services on the entire product life cycle, the application of life cycle engineering techniques to service design is suggested. Consequently, the presented research work aims at developing a service design process. Based on three main strategies for combining products with related services, a corresponding design process is proposed. It simultaneously considers the product, process and information dimensions of services.     

Integration of a service CAD and a life cycle simulator

This paper proposes ISCL, Integrated Service CAD and Life cycle simulator. ISCL plays the role of CAD/CAE tools for product design in Product Service Systems (PSSs) design. In ISCL, the service CAD supports systematic generation of alternative PSSs based on service modeling, and the life cycle simulator analyzes their economic and environmental performances. The current study applies ISCL to the design of a PSS that includes functional upgrading service of a product, whose life cycle costs are sensitive to both its functional obsolescence and physical deterioration. Performances of alternative PSSs are investigated under different market and technology conditions.     

如何提高注塑模具使用寿命

分析了影响注塑模具使用寿命的主要因素,从塑料原材料、模具结构设计、模具材料选择、模具制造过程和模具使用与维护等方面提出了提高注塑模具使用寿命的基本途径.     

提高挤压模具使用寿命的措施

对影响挤压模具寿命的因素进行了分析，并针对设计、制造、热处理、模具管理和使用等各环节给予相应的措施，从而阐明了提高模具使用寿命的重要性。     

小流量离心泵长寿命结构设计及分析

对低比速、小流量的离心泵的长寿命设计进行了研究,通过对结构和轴承进行优化设计,极大地提高了工作寿命,样机已经连续正常工作了7年。     

Die fatigue life improvement through the rational design of metal-forming system

In metal-forming industries, die is an important tool for fabrication of metal-formed products. Die service life, which is defined as the maximum product number produced by die before it fails, and die performance directly determine the quality of metal-formed product and production cost. In cold forming process, die service life basically refers to the die fatigue life. The die fatigue life is determined by the design of metal-formed product and die, forming process configuration, die stress and the entire metal-forming system. In this paper, a methodology for optimization of die fatigue life is developed via the rational design of metal-forming system in such a way that the die stress is optimal and further the die design in terms of its service life is the best. To realize this thought, the S–N approach is employed for evaluation of die fatigue life. The die stress is first identified via the integrated simulation of billet plastic flow and the die deformation during the forming process. The die stress is then optimized via the rational design of the combination of metal-formed product, die and process configuration. The optimal die life is thus determined. Furthermore, a framework for implementation of this methodology is developed and case studies are used for verification and validation of the developed methodology.     

液压滤波系统的仿真分析

液压流体的不稳定使液压元件的工作精度及使用寿命都将受到影响。通过把一些简单功能的液压元件进行改进后组合构成一个具有滤波功能的新的液压元件，能有效地解决这一问题。该产品设计已经完成理论仿真试验，证明该设计具有实用性和可行性。