中温锌系磷化的控制因素

在５．０ｇ／ＬＺｎ＾２＋的的锌系磷化液中，分别以经过程中的析气量、膜重、膜的耐蚀性能作考核指标，对「ＰＯ４＾３＝」／「ＮＯ３＾－」，「Ｎｉ＾２＋」，ｐＨ值的地综合研究。结果表明，上述三种因素对中温磷化的良好膜层有着关键性的作用。此外，还就三种因素对磷化结晶过程的影响及膜的形貌作了探讨。     

中国实验快堆

中国实验快堆是８６３计划能源领域中的一个最重要的项目，本文对发展快堆的意义和中国实验快堆的作用作了论述，对我国快堆发展战略提出了建议，对实验快堆的设计原则和概念设计主要结果作了介绍，对实验快堆的安全性作了论证性说明。     

掺杂Sb^3^＋的ZnO纳米晶敏感材料的性能

用柠檬酸盐法合成了含Ｓｂ＾３＾＋的ＺｎＯ纳米晶，探讨了Ｓｂ＾３＾＋对ＺｎＯ纳米晶结构和介电性能的影响，研究了灼烧温度及时间，杂质对ＺｎＯ纳米晶晶化过程的影响。用Ｘ射线射，红外光谱，热重差热，透射电镜研究了含Ｓｂ＾３＾＋的ＺｎＯ纳米的晶的性能。     

共沉淀包膜掺杂法制备氧化锌压敏陶瓷粉料条件的研究

本研究旨在建立以ＺｎＯ为主体，五元掺杂物共沉淀包膜法制备氧化锌压敏陶瓷用粉料的新方法。在实验测定Ｚｎ＾２＋及Ｂｉ＾３＋、Ｓｂ＾３＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｍｎ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋碳酸盐－氢氧化物沉淀溶解度曲线的基础上，研究各种因素对恒定ＺｎＯ及五元掺杂物组成ｍｏｌ％的影响，确定最佳共沉淀包膜条件。     

离子注入纯Fe表面微观结构研究

本文应用透射电镜等方法对纯Ｆｅ中注入Ｎｉ＾＋，Ｍｏ＾＋，Ｂ＾＋及Ｎｉ＾＋＋Ｍｏ＾＋＋Ｂ＾＋起表面层微观结构变化进行了研究，同时对不同注入条件进行了计算机模拟计算。     

高温高压合成的硅酸锶有铕铋的发光特性

用高温高压方法合成了Ｓｒ２ＳｉＯ４Ｅ＾３＋ｕ，Ｂｉ＾３＋和ＳｒＳｉＯ３Ｅｕ＾３＋＿，Ｂｉ＾３＋，研究了合成压力对其发光性能的影响，与用溶胶－凝胶共沉淀法和常压高温法合成的产品作比较，常压制备的ＳｒＳｉＯ３Ｅｕ＾３＋，Ｂｉ＾３＋为六角结构，而在２．３４－４．１０ＧＰａ的合成压力范围内，它转变为赝正交结构；常压下Ｓｒ２ＳｉＯ４；Ｅｕ＾３＋，Ｂｉ＾３＋，为单斜结构，在４．２ＧＰａ的合成压力下，未发现其结     

电去离子过程中膜堆电阻的研究

研究了电去离子(EDI)过程膜堆电阻的组成，考察了电压、进水电导率及进水流量等因素对膜堆电阻的影响，探讨了EDI膜堆电阻的表达式．     

复合材料成形工艺用吸胶材料应用研究

对上海无纺布厂生产的４０ｇ／ｍ＾２及７０ｇ／ｍ＾２热压法涤纶无纺布和杭州新华造纸厂生产的９０ｇ／ｍ＾２、１２０ｇ／ｍ＾２及１７０ｇ。ｍ＾２滤纸与美国Ａｉｒｔｅｃｈ公司的牌号为Ａｉｒｗｅａｖｅ ＦＲ吸胶材料进行了性能对比研究，证明国产５种吸胶材料全部能满足复合材料成形工艺的要求，而且，其中上海无纺布厂生产的两种材料性能优于美国材料。因此，上海无纺布厂生产的４０ｇ／ｍ＾２及７０ｇ／ｍ＾２热压法涤纶无纺     

双波长比色法测量大量Ni^2＋存在时的Zn^2＋

在Ｎｉ＾２＋存在的电镀Ｎｎ－Ｎｉ合金镀液中，Ｎｉ＾２＋对Ｚｎ＾２＋的定量分析产生很大的干扰，采用沉淀分离法对Ｚｎ＾２＋的浓度分析较为困难。本文研究了双波长比色法，通过数据处理消除Ｎｉ＾２＋对Ｚｎ＾２＋的干扰，方法简单快速，为在电镀Ｚｎ－Ｎｉ合金工艺中分析和调整Ｚｎ＾２＋的浓度提供了可能。     

BaLiF3微晶辐照损伤及其稀土掺杂抑制

用电子顺磁共振和热释发光对ＢａＬｉＦ３微晶的Ｘ射线和γ射线辐照损伤及稀土掺杂对其辐照损伤的抑制作了研究，发现Ｘ射线造成的辐照损伤在自然条件下仅数日就可以恢复；而因γ射线辐照所造成的辐照损伤则较难恢复，但其抗辐照性能在掺入适宜的稀土离子如Ｌａ＾３＋、Ｙｂ＾３＋后可得到改善，这表明将其用于γ射线等高能粒子的探测亦是很有希望的。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.