电动汽车直流充电系统LLC谐振变换器软开关电压边界分析

LLC谐振变换器以其优异的性能被广泛应用于电动汽车直流充电领域。针对电动汽车宽输出电压范围、高转换效率的充电需求,该文对直流充电模块后级全桥LLC谐振变换器软开关运行的输出电压边界进行了分析。零电压开通(ZVS)上边界处,变压器励磁电感参与谐振,其二次侧等效峰值电压与负载电压相等,整流二极管临界导通;ZVS下边界处,谐振电流与谐振腔的输入电压同时过零,LLC谐振变换器运行于临界感性区间。该文利用时域分析法详细分析了变换器ZVS上下边界处的工作状态,计算出变换器软开关运行所允许的输出电压范围,揭示了变换器的软开关特性与工作频率、谐振参数之间的关系,为变换器的参数设计和变频控制提供了理论指导。最后,通过仿真和实验对理论分析进行了验证。     

一种新型串并联谐振变换器的分析及应用

本文提出了一种新型串并联谐振DC-DC变换器，即串并联谐振倍压变换器。介绍了该变换器的工作原理和特点，详细分析了稳态工作过程，给出了工作条件和理论分析波形。讨论了变换器的零电压开关特性及设计中的实现方法。仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性，并进一步表明该变换器非常适于高压小电流输出的直流开关电源。     

一种新型软开关双单元DC/DC变换器

在分析现有双单元DC/DC 变换器的基础上,提出一种新型软开关双单元DC/DC 变换器,分析了该变换器的工作原理和主要特点,给出了用于功率因数校正电路的实验结果。该变换器实现了主开关的零电压、零电流开通和零电压关断,辅助开关的零电流开通和零电压关断,以及输出整流二极管的零电流关断。     

新型ZVZCT PWM直流变换器族的研究

提出了一种新型零电压零电流转换 (ZVZCT)软开关单元 ,并基于该开关单元 ,构造了BuckZVZCTPWM变换器和BoostZVZCTPWM变换器 ,形成新型ZVZCTPWM直流变换器族。详细分析了BuckZVZCTPWM变换器的工作原理 ,主开关管实现了零电压零电流开关 ,辅助开关管实现了零电流开通、零电压零电流关断 ,续流二极管实现了零电压零电流关断、零电压开通。该软开关单元不但适合于少子器件 ,而且适合于多子器件 ,同时保持PWM控制的特点。仿真分析和实验结果完全验证了理论分析的正确性     

电励磁双凸极发电机的双输出电压调节技术

提出了一种电励磁双凸极发电机高、低压直流双输出稳压技术：通过对励磁绕组电流进行PWM控制稳定28.5 V低压输出;高压直流输出经过高、低压绕组磁场间的耦合粗调后,经过双Boost变换器进行稳定升压至360 V直流。该文阐述了低压电压调节器与高压直流输出调节器--双Boost变换器的工作原理,分析了电流换相、负载和电机转速对高压输出调节的影响,确立了双Boost变换器开关频率的选取依据。研制的双输出发电系统验证了方案的可行性与理论分析的正确性。     

基于DSP数字控制电力操作电源的开发

通过对移相全桥零电压零电流直流变换器原理的分析,提出了一种基于DSP控制的移相全桥零电压零电流高频开关电力操作电源的设计方案.使用TMS320F2808型DSP作为主控芯片,实现了数字移相控制及全桥变换零电压零电流软开关.试制了一台3 kW的样机,给出了实验波形及结论.     

基于ARM的移相全桥ZVZCS变换器设计

针对传统全桥移相式零电压零电流开关(ZVZCS)PWM DC/DC变换器在实现滞后桥臂开关管零电流开关(ZCS)过程中,存在着辅助谐振电路附加损耗较大,软开关实现方式复杂,功率开关管电压应力和电流应力高等缺点,介绍了一种通过输出耦合电感实现软开关的全桥ZVZCS PWM DC/DC变换器。分析了该变换器实现软开关的原理,并采用LPC2214型ARM芯片作为控制器,设计了变换器数字控制系统。通过一台1kW,50kHz样机验证了这种软开关变换器相关理论的正确性。     

一种新型软开关双单元DC-DC变换器

提出了一种新型的软开关双单元DC -DC变换器 ,该变换器实现了主开关的零电压零电流开通及零电压关断、辅助开关的零电流开通及零电压关断以及输出整流二极管的零电流关断。分析了其工作原理 ,并进行了原理性实验     

隔离型双半桥DC-DC变换器的软开关特性

分析了隔离型双半桥(DHB)DC-DC变换器的软开关特性。首先介绍DHB变换器的工作原理,详细分析DHB变换器的软开关过程。通过理论建模和定量分析,给出各开关管实现零电压开通的充要条件。总结谐振电流、变换器输出功率和死区时间与实现零电压开通的三条规律,推导出各开关管软开关实现所允许的变换器最小输出功率的解析表达式。然后,提出一种改进的占空比控制策略,有效地扩宽了变换器的软开关运行范围,有助于变换器实现稳定的软开关运行。最后,通过样机实验验证了所提的理论分析以及改进控制方法的正确性和有效性。     

高压变压器寄生电容对串联谐振变换器特性的影响

高压串联谐振变换器广泛应用于电容器充电、静电除尘等系统中。然而,高压变压器寄生电容的存在,使得客观上并不存在理想的高压串联谐振变换器。定量分析了高压高频变压器的寄生电容对工作于断续谐振电流模式(discontinuous current mode,DCM)的串联谐振变换器特性的影响,这些特性包括临界断续谐振频率、归一化输出电流和软开关。当考虑高压变压器寄生电容后,串联谐振变换器实际上已经演变为LCC串并联谐振变换器。通过对DCMLCC谐振变换器在不同工作阶段的数学分析、推导和归一化处理,得到了具有封闭形式的电路特性的表达式。通过分析发现,随着等效电压增益的增加,DCM LCC谐振变换器的正向和反向谐振过程均由两元件谐振向三元件谐振过程转变,临界断续频率升高。以图形曲线的方式给出了量化的分析结果。通过比较两类典型的控制方法可知,第二类典型控制方法具有更高的电流输出能力和能量传输效率,是一种优化的控制方法。所得分析结果可为工作于断续谐振电流模式的高压串联谐振变换器的设计提供参考,特别对电容充电和静电除尘电源具有工程应用价值。     

A new parallel ZVS converter with less power switches and low current stress components

A new direct current (DC)/DC converter with parallel circuits is presented for medium voltage and power applications. There are five pulse‐width modulation circuits in the proposed converter to reduce current stress at low voltage side for high output current applications. These five circuits share the same power switches in order to reduce switch counts. To reduce the converter size, conduction loss, and voltage stress of power semiconductors, the series connections of power metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) with high switching frequency instead of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with low switching frequency are adopted. Thus, the voltage stress of MOSFETs is clamped at half of input voltage. The switched capacitor circuit is adopted to balance input split capacitor voltages. Asymmetric pulse‐width modulation scheme is adopted to generate the necessary switching signals of MOSFETs and regulate output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior at the transition interval of power switches, all MOSFETs are turned on under zero voltage switching from 50% load to 100% load. The circuit configuration, operation principle, converter performance, and design example are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental verifications with a 1.92 kW prototype are provided to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种简单的ZVZCS全桥PWM变换器的分析与设计

讨论了一种零电压零电流开关的全桥DC-DC PWM变换器。通过适当的控制方式及合适的参数选择,这种变换器可以在很宽的负载变化范围内以软开关方式高效率的工作,同时保持了简单的拓扑结构。文中对这种变换器的基本工作原理进行了较详细的理论分析,并根据分析过程中的数学描述对电路的有关参数设计给予了说明。最后通过仿真与一6kW样机实验验证了本文所讨论的变换器工作原理的正确性及实用上的可行性。     

Hybrid DC–DC converter with high efficiency,wide ZVS range,and less output inductance

In this paper, a new soft switching direct current (DC)–DC converter with low circulating current, wide zero voltage switching range, and reduced output inductor is presented for electric vehicle or plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery charger application. The proposed high‐frequency link DC–DC converter includes two resonant circuits and one full‐bridge phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation circuit with shared power switches in leading and lagging legs. Series resonant converters are operated at fixed switching frequency to extend the zero voltage switching range of power switches. Passive snubber circuit using one clamp capacitor and two rectifier diodes at the secondary side is adopted to reduce the primary current of full‐bridge converter to zero during the freewheeling interval. Hence, the circulating current on the primary side is eliminated in the proposed converter. In the same time, the voltage across the output inductor is also decreased so that the output inductance can be reduced compared with the output inductance in conventional full‐bridge converter. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.33‐kW prototype circuit converting 380 V input to an output voltage of 300–420 V/3.5 A for battery charger applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design and implementation of an interleaved soft‐switching converter with output voltage doubler

An interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) converter with less power switches is presented in this paper. The buck type of active clamp circuit is used to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductor of a transformer. The zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on of power switches is realized by the resonance during the transition interval of power switches. At the secondary side of transformers, two full‐wave rectifiers with dual‐output configuration are connected in parallel to reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings of transformers. In the proposed converter, power switches can accomplish two functions of the interleaved PWM modulation and active clamp feature at the same time. Therefore, the circuit components in the proposed converter are less than that of the conventional interleaved ZVS forward converter. The operation principle and system analysis of the proposed converter are provided in detail. Experimental results for a 280 W prototype operated at 100 kHz are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Implementation of a Soft Switching Converter with High Input Voltage

This paper presents an interleaved zero voltage switching (ZVS) DC/DC converter with high input voltage applications. In order to reduce the voltage stress of MOSFETs, two half‐bridge zeta converters are connected in series at high voltage side. Thus, the voltage stress of MOSFETs can be clamped at one‐half of input voltage. Asymmetric pulse‐width modulation (APWM) is adopted to control power switches. With the resonant behavior by the leakage inductance of transformer and the output capacitance of MOSFET at the transition interval, MOSFETs can be turned on at ZVS. For each half‐bridge zeta converter, two series transformers are connected in series at the primary side and in parallel at the secondary side in order to reduce the current stress of secondary windings for high load current applications. Interleaved PWM scheme is used to control two half‐bridge converters in order to reduce the size of output filter inductor and capacitor due to the partial ripple current cancellation. Experimental results, taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 1 kW, are presented to demonstrate the converter performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A fully soft switched high step-up SEPIC-boost DC-DC converter with one auxiliary switch

This paper proposed a new single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC)-boost DC-DC converter that uses only one auxiliary switch to create soft switching condition for all semiconductor devices. The auxiliary circuit comprises one power switch (S_a), one resonant inductor (L_r), one resonant capacitor (C_r), and one diode (D_o2). The auxiliary switch (S_a) controls the resonance during switching instants. The converter has simple structure and its control circuit remains pulse width modulation (PWM). Besides, the proposed converter has high voltage gain without using any transformer or coupled inductors. In addition, the auxiliary switch is not located in the main power path. Moreover, using soft switching techniques is the best way for reducing the size, weight, and volume of the converter. Furthermore, reduction of input inrush current and voltage stress for the main switch is obtained by using SEPIC-boost structure. A laboratory prototype converter is designed and implemented. The experimental results presented confirm the theoretical and features of the proposed converter.     

Soft switching DC/DC converter with high voltage gain and less current ripple

A new soft switching three‐level converter with two DC/DC circuits in the primary side and current double rectifiers in the secondary side is presented to realize the zero‐voltage switching operation, reduce the transformer secondary winding turns and the output current ripple, and lessen the voltage rating of rectifier diodes. Two DC/DC pulse‐width modulation circuits sharing same power switches with interleaved half switching cycle are adopted in the proposed converter to reduce the current rating of transformer primary windings. Two inductors and four diodes are adopted in the secondary side to achieve current double rectifier, reduce output ripple current, and decrease the transformer secondary winding turns. Based on the pulse‐width modulation scheme, the power switchers can be turned on at zero‐voltage switching operation. Laboratory experiments with a 1.44 kW prototype are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型的全桥零电压零电流开关PWM变换器

提出一种新型的FB-ZVZCS—PWM变换器拓扑，采用耦合电感构成辅助电路，结构简单、没有耗能元件或有源开关，不增加原边电流应力。新拓扑具有良好的通用性，对采用不同箝位方式如阻容吸收、次级无源箝位或有源箝位的全桥变换器均适用。变换器主开关管全部采用IGBT，开关频率大幅提高，功率密度、轻载效率及软开关负载范围显著改善，而变换器成本降低。给出了变换器拓扑结构、关键参数设计及实测波形，新拓扑已应用在3kW，350VDC变换器中。     

宽电压输入半桥型LLC谐振变换器设计与实验

半桥型LLC谐振变换器由于拓扑简单、工作效率高而得到广泛研究。此处针对宽电压输入的工作情况,采用脉冲频率调制(PFM),避免了传统PWM控制占空比变化范围大的问题。为了提升变换器效率,对各关键谐振参数进行设计,分析了其对电源输出特性的影响,使得初级开关管实现零电压开通(ZVS),次级二极管实现零电流关断(ZCS)。结合理论数学推导和增益曲线分析,设计了一台100 W的变频半桥型LLC谐振变换器样机,并完成了相关实验,验证了参数设计的正确性,样机的最大效率达到93.95%。同时对变换器进行了损耗分析,以便进一步优化设计。