The study of slip line field and upper bound method based on associated flow and non associated flow rules

At present, associated flow rule of traditional plastic theory is adopted in the slip line field theory and upper bound method of geotechnical materials. So the stress characteristic line conforms to the velocity line. It is proved that geotechnical materials do not abide by the associated flow rule. It is impossible for the stress characteristic line to conform to the velocity line. Generalized plastic mechanics theoretically proved that plastic potential surface intersects the M-C yield surface with an angle, so that the velocity line must be studied by non-associated flow rule. According to limit analysis theory, the theory of slip line field is put forward in this paper, and then the ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing is obtained based on associated flow rule and the non-associated flow rule individually. These two results are identical since the ultimate bearing capacity is independent of flow rule. On the contrary, the velocity fields of associated and non-associated flow are different which shows the velocity field based on the associated flow rule is incorrect.     

Generalized Plastic Mechanics and Its Application

The development of geotechnical plasticity is reviewed and some problems of applying the classical plastic mechanics （CPM） to geomaterials are analyzed, and then CPM＇ s three hypotheses not fitted the deformation mechanism of geomaterials are pointed out. By giving up the three hypotheses, a generalized plastic potential theory can be obtained from solid mechanics directly, and then the traditional plastic mechanics can be changed to a more generalized plastic mechanics, namely generalized plastic mechanics （GPM）. The GPM adopts the component theory as theoretical base, so it can reflect the influence of transition of stress path. The unreasonable phenomena such as excessive dilatancy caused by adopting the normality-flow law can be avoided, and the error caused by the arbitrary assumption of plastic potential surfaces cannot be produced. The yield surface theory, hardening laws and stress-strain relations of GPM are given, and a GPM including the rotation of principal stress axes is also established. It is pointed out that the yield condition is a state parameter as well as a test parameter, and it can only be given by test. After the practical application, it is shown that the GPM cannot only be applied to the modeling theory of geomaterials but also to other fields of geomechanics such as limit analysis.     

轴压功能梯度材料圆柱壳的弹、塑性屈曲分析

功能梯度材料板壳弹性屈曲领域研究已取得许多卓有成效的成果,而弹塑性、塑性屈曲问题的研究却鲜有报道。针对功能梯度材料圆柱壳的弹、塑性屈曲问题,采用有限元软件ABAQUS开展了数值模拟与分析。分析中采用叠层模型,定义材料沿厚度方向的梯度特性,计入材料的物理非线性和前屈曲几何非线性的影响。计算得到弹、塑性功能梯度材料圆柱壳的屈曲临界荷载和变形模式,给出了壳体从弹塑性屈曲到塑性屈曲的转化过程,并对屈曲类型对应的区域进行划分,研究了壳体厚度、组分参数对屈曲临界状态的影响。     

Numerical Simulation of the Mechanical Properties and Failure of Heterogeneous Elasto-Plastic Materials

A general numerical approach was developed to simulate the mechanical properties and the failure of heterogeneous elasto-plastic materials using statistical distributions of the material properties. An appropriate elastic-plastic constitutive relation is used to describe the material behavior and failure in each element, with a two-parameter Weibull distribution used to produce the initial heterogeneous material property variations. An adaptive incremental load-step is applied so that only one or a few elements (or integra- tion points) change their status (i.e., from elastic to plastic, or from plastic to strain failure) within one load step. A failed element is then assigned a very small modulus to simulate the failure rather than removing it from the model, which keeps the continuity of the geometric mesh. The numerical results show that the model is suitable for simulating the effective mechanical properties and failure of heterogeneous materials with local elasto-plastic constitutive relations.     

破裂岩石力学性态的模拟研究

本文根据三轴压缩模拟试验结果,探讨了围压对破裂状态岩石的残余强度和弹模的影响,岩石处于完整状态与破裂状态时的粘结力和内摩擦角、岩石在不同破裂状态下的弹模变化情况,并提出了一种与模型材料相似的天然岩石处于破裂状态时的力学模型。     

Principle of Interaction between Plastic Volumetric and Shear Strains and the Constitutive Model for Geotechnical Materials

Here is proposed the principle of interaction between plastic volumetric and shear strains, revealing the main origin of generating the complexity and variety of deformations for geotechnical materials. Here are also explained the manners of the interaction between plastic volumetric and shear strains and the conditions of generating shear dilatancy. It is demonstrated that dependency of the stress path exists and is a combination of effects of this interaction. According to this principle, it is theoretically proved that the space critical state line exists, and is unique and independent of the stress history. Based on this principle, the constitutive models that are able completely and accurately to characterize the basic behavior features for geotechnical materials have been constructed within the framework of thermodynamics. What is determined is a general expression of the constitutive relation as well as the inequality of the dissipative potential increment for obeying the second law of thermodynamics.     

土层摩阻力对圆形隧道的结构内力分析研究

将圆形隧道衬砌结构视为土体中的自由变形的弹性均质圆环,在考虑影响摩阻力主要因素的条件下,采用结构力学中的弹性中心法,推导在摩阻力作用下圆形隧道任意截面中的内力解析解.通过算例验算的结果表明,摩阻力对衬砌内力总体有减小的趋势,且顶部和侧壁减小的程度较大.因而在圆形隧道的设计中,计算衬砌内力时应考虑地层对衬砌的摩阻力影响,以便更加全面地配置衬砌材料.     

深部隧道围岩的流变

为了准确地分析深部隧道围岩在高应力区的流变现象,保持岩土工程的长期稳定性,利用Shvedov-B ingham模型理论,研究了隧道围岩在初始时刻出现塑性区情况下的流变情况,并考虑了塑性区及弹性区力学性质的不同。分析了不同区域岩体的剪应力和体积变化规律。通过理论推导,给出了流变区半径及应力应变的解析解,并分析了应力分布及流变半径的变化规律。指出研究深部隧道围岩的流变,初始参照状态应该取为弹塑性状态。     

The Anomalous Response of Elastoplatic Circular Plates Under Impulsive Loading

The anomalous nonlinear elastic, perfectly plastic response behaviors of circular plate subjected to short transverse pulse load is studied. The plate is assumed fixed-pin along the boundary. 'Anomalous' here means that the final deflection may be in the direction opposite that of the load. It has been found by detailed numerical analyses that there exists anomalous response in some narrow loading ranges, so called slots. By further calculations it is shown that this special dynamic behavior is related to coupling affects of internal forces and large plastic deformation after removal loading. Further plastic dissipation will be lead to anomalous dynamic response. This phenomena could be considered as the coupling of the geometry nonlinearity, material nonlinearity,elastic effects and the irrecoverable of the plastic deformation.     

混凝土等颗粒型材料的偶极效应分析

考虑物质点的偶极效应,基于 Cosserat 连续体介质力学模型,把球形微颗粒推广到方形微颗粒,推导出方形微颗粒对应的偶应力和曲率应变之间的线弹性关系,并提出了一种能考虑微颗粒倾覆破坏的广义屈服准则。编写了基于 Cosserat 连续体介质力学模型的有限元分析程序,进行了混凝土试样单轴压缩试验和土体边坡稳定性分析的数值模拟。研究结果表明,物质点的偶极效应确实存在,且是材料发生应变局部化的直接原因。     

表面裂纹受拉伸板三维弹塑性有限元分析模型及其J积分

使用Ｑｃ１１和Ｑ６块体单元,对带有表面裂纹的受拉伸板建立了一种三维弹塑性有限元分析模型;将虚裂纹扩展法（ＶＣＥ）用于所分析的表面裂纹。数值结果表明,这一模型对理想弹塑性,线性强化和１６ＭｎＲ材料均适用,且具有计算量小,一致性好的优点。     

用弹性-粘弹性对应原理求解材料力学问题

弹性-粘弹性对应原理是将线弹性体的解答结果进行Laplace反演,得到粘弹性体的结果,利用对应原理求解粘弹性体力学问题,可将线弹性与粘弹性力学有机地结合起来,这样在传统材料力学基础上引入新材料和新理论,极大地丰富了传统材料力学。     

分数导数三参数标准固体黏弹性材料的耗散性能

对分数导数三参数黏弹固体性材料的耗散性能进行了研究.基于黏弹性理论和分数阶导数理论,建立了分数导数黏弹性三参数标准固体模型,得到了分数导数黏弹性三参数固体模型的复柔量,并在此基础上得到了其耗损比和内摩擦角,以数值算例的形式分析了耗损比和内摩擦角随频率的变化规律.结果表明:在低频下的材料接近弹性材料;相反,在高频下,在每个周期有一个微小的耗散,并且趋近于一个有限值.频率越高,三参数固体的内耗频谱峰值所对应的横坐标值越接近1.     

孔隙玄武岩力学性质试验研究

以孔隙玄武岩为研究对象,采用RMT—150岩石力学试验系统,对不同孔隙率的玄武岩在干燥和饱和两种状态下进行了单轴和三轴压缩试验;并分析和探讨了孔隙率对岩石强度力学指标的影响。研究结果表明,玄武岩孔隙率与其抗压强度、弹性模量、内摩擦角符合指数关系,有较好的相关性,黏聚力和泊松比与孔隙率之间无直接关联。在干燥状态下的岩石内摩擦角值小于饱和状态;而其余力学指标正好相反,说明水对孔隙玄武岩强度影响较大。     

冲击载荷作用下弹塑性圆板动力反直观行为的研究

The anomalous dynamic behaviors of struc-tures subjected to a short pulse load have attractedgreat interest.For the first ti me,Symonds andYu[1]found counter-intuitive response when theystudied dynamic behaviors of pin-ended beams un-der i mpact load.The counter-intuitive responsemeans that the permanent deflection of structure isin opposite direction to the load applied.A singledegree of freedom Shanley type model of beamisused to study the influence of thickness and damp-ing[2]to dynamic be…     

基于有限元的弹塑性裂纹数值分析

在线弹性断裂力学和D-M模型的基础上,推导出了受单向拉伸含中心穿透裂纹的理想弹塑性材料J积分的解析式;通过ANSYS对弹塑性J积分进行数值计算,与推导出的解析解比较,表明了用有限元方法计算弹塑性J积分具有相当高的精度;分析了J积分与裂纹初始长度及外荷载的关系;对理想弹塑性材料塑性区大小进行了探讨,结果表明,塑性区尺寸随外荷载增大而增大,并且外荷载接近屈服应力时,裂纹塑性区尺寸趋近于无穷大,进入全面屈服.     

基于分形理论的高速压制粉末颗粒摩擦力分析

按Bowden和Tabor的原始处理,基于分形理论将总黏着摩擦系数表示为弹性及塑性区中的黏着摩擦系数的组合,建立了黏着摩擦系数的分形模型和粉末颗粒的内摩擦与分形维数的数学模型.通过函数曲线分析了粉末颗粒的分形维数对总的黏着摩擦系数、粉末颗粒的内摩擦力的影响.研究表明：对于一定的分形维数,总的黏着摩擦系数随归一接触面积的...     

不同模量石墨简支梁的弹塑性分析及试验研究

石墨烯是一种强度最大、具有拉压不同弹性模量的材料.石墨是石墨烯的原材料,由于其良好的耐辐照性能,广泛地应用于国防核工业,研究石墨的不同模量力学特性正在成为一种新的研究趋向.实验测试了MSL82型号石墨的力学行为,证明并得到石墨材料的拉压不同模量比值.同时建立了不同模量弯曲梁的弹塑性分析理论模型.通过与测试数据的比较,验证了模型的准确性.研究表明:不同模量石墨梁在弹性阶段,中性轴的位置偏向下方受压侧,但不随荷载变化;拉压模量比对截面的应力分布影响很大,减小拉压模量比,可减小最大拉应力;而增大拉压模量比,则可以减小最大压应力.进入塑性阶段后,随着外荷载的增加,中性层的位置上升,最终的位置由拉压屈服极限的比值决定;随着截面的塑性发展,拉压模量比对截面应力分布的影响逐步减小,但对应变的影响仍然较大.因此,可通过改变拉压模量比来控制截面的最大拉压应变.     

基于离散元及盒子旋转法的生物质颗粒休止角研究

休止角是反映颗粒物料内部摩擦、流动性的重要参数,由于生物质燃料压缩过程中物料的流动性与颗粒间的摩擦特性难以直接测量,因此对自然状态下颗粒休止角的研究具有重要意义。应用离散元软件EDEM创建了盒子旋转模型,对玉米秸秆与沙柳颗粒进行了不同形状、粒径、级配下休止角的研究分析;并进行了相关试验验证,得出了其变化规律与具体取值。与传统测量方式相比,该方法降低了系统误差,结果更加可靠,可为今后相关材料的参数标定、颗粒物料的堆放等工程应用提供方法借鉴和理论参考。     

复变量求导法灵敏度分析及弹塑性参数反演

提出了灵敏度分析和弹塑性参数反演的一种新方法.针对非线性参数反演过程中灵敏度计算困难的问题,利用复变量求导法,把隐式函数的求导过程转化为函数值的计算,进而高精度地计算出参数灵敏度.相对于常规的基于有限差分的灵敏度数值计算方法,该方法更为高效.以岩土工程中弹塑性参数反演问题为背景,给出了基于复域位移分析的参数反演过程,对弹性模量、泊松比、粘聚力以及内摩擦角进行了反演.数值算例表明,所提出的方法对单一参数和耦合参数的非线性反演问题均有效可靠,解决了参数反演时位移对反演参数不敏感问题.