锻造工艺参数对316LN不锈钢动态再结晶的影响

用Simufact软件模拟了316LN不锈钢在变形温度1000~1200℃、应变速率0.01~0.05 s~(-1)和不同型砧条件下的镦粗过程。从晶粒大小分布分析了不同锻造工艺参数对316LN不锈钢动态再结晶的影响,通过热变形方程和晶粒度分布图验证了锻造工艺参数对动态再结晶峰值应力的影响。结果表明316LN不锈钢动态再结晶程度与应变量、变形温度和应变速率有关。     

几种典型钛合金的热变形抗力

采用热模拟方法,研究了Ti-17,Ti-6-2-4-2s,Ti-15-3和Ti-6Al-4V合金在各种热镦粗条件下的热变形行为.在不同的变形条件下,试样在Gleeble-2000模拟试验机上进行镦粗变形.作出了不同变形程度、变形速率和变形温度下对变形抗力影响的典型曲线,并从动态回复和动态再结晶对其进行了分析.热变形温度范围为800-1050℃,间隔50℃;应变速率分别为10-3,10-2,10-1,1,10和50 s-1;真应变近似为0.6.     

Mg-5.6Zn-0.7Zr-0.8Nd合金高温塑性变形的热/力模拟研究

采用Gleebe-1500热／力模拟机研究了Mg-5．6Zn-0．7Zr-0．8Nd合金在应变速率为0．1，0．01和0．002s^-^3、变形温度为373—673K,最大变形程度60％条件下的高温塑性变形行为．分析了合金流变应力与应变速率、变形温度之间的关系，计算了高温变形时变形激活能和应力指数，并观察了合金变形过程中显微组织变化情况．结果表明：Mg-5．6Zn-0．7Zr-0．8Nd合金在热变形过程中不同温度下流变应力呈现不同形式，分析可知加工硬化、动态回复和动态再结晶在不同温度和不同应变速率下各自起到了重要的作用，合金变形激活能随应变速率增加而升高．在473K温度以上变形，合金发生明显动态再结晶且动态再结晶晶粒非常细小，晶粒尺寸为5—10μm，从而可明显提高合金的塑性．     

7050铝合金热塑性变形流变应力和组织演变的研究

借助Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对7050铝合金在不同应变速率、变形温度和压下率下进行镦粗试验,获得了在250、325℃、400、475℃变形温度下变形速率分别为0.01、0.1、1、10s-1的真应力-真应变曲线,进而分析了热塑性变形条件对该合金流变应力的影响。结果表明:变形温度越低、应变速率越高,流变应力越大,变形初始阶段流变应力随变形量增加而增大,达到极限值后进入近似稳态流变。与金相实验和光学显微镜观察试验方法相结合,研究了7050铝合金的高温热塑性变形条件下微观组织的演变规律;与压力加工原理相结合,分析了热塑性变形过程中变形参数和组织演变的关系。结果表明:通过改变变形温度、压下率和压下速率能有效改变动态再结晶组织体积分数和动态再结晶晶粒尺寸,压下率对该合金动态再结晶的影响较明显,不同温度下开始动态再结晶对应的变形量不同。     

Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金热压缩行为及晶粒尺寸的研究

采用Gleeble-3500热压缩实验机对Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr合金在温度360～480℃、应变速率0.001～1 s-1、最大变形程度为60%的条件下进行高温压缩实验研究。分析了应变速率和变形温度对该合金在高温变形时流变应力的影响,引入温度补偿应变速率因子Z构建合金高温流变应力的本构方程;研究了合金在不同压缩条件下的组织变化及动态再结晶晶粒尺寸,为后续有限元组织模拟提供了实验依据。结果表明:该合金的真应力-真应变曲线具有动态再结晶曲线的特征。动态再结晶的再结晶晶粒尺寸随温度的降低、应变速率的增大而减小;而且峰值应力也随再结晶晶粒尺寸的减小而增大。     

CuNiSi系合金热压缩行为研究

在Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机上,采用高温等温压缩试验,绘制了真应力-真应变曲线.分别讨论了变形温度、变形速率和合金元素对CuNiSi系列合金在高温压缩变形中的行为的影响.结果表明,应变速率和变形温度的变化对合金的再结晶影响较大,变形温度越高,合金越容易发生动态再结晶;应变速率越小,合金也越容易发生动态再结晶,所对应的峰值应力也越低,且CuNiSiP合金的流变应力在相同条件下高于CuNiSiAg合金的流变应力,最后求得了CuNiSiP和CuNiSiAg合金的变形激活能.     

Incoloy825高温合金热变形行为及动态再结晶模型

采用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机，对Incoloy825高温合金在应变为0.92、温度为950～1150℃和应变速率为0.001～1 s^-1条件下进行单道次压缩试验。依据真应力-真应变曲线建立了动态再结晶临界方程和动态再结晶动力学模型。结果表明，Incoloy825高温合金热变形对温度和应变速率较为敏感，真应力-真应变曲线整体满足硬化-软化-稳态的流变过程，动态再结晶是Incoloy 825高温合金材料的主要软化机制。在热变形过程中，动态再结晶临界应变随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低呈减小趋势。对动态再结晶动力学模型进行分析发现，动态再结晶百分含量随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而增大，表明高变形温度和低应变速率对动态再结晶具有促进作用。     

690合金铸锭和锻件的镦粗过程数值模拟

利用单向压缩实验分别获得了以柱状晶和等轴晶为初始组织的690合金高温流变曲线,并将其导入Deform有限软件中,模拟了两种状态下合金的锻造镦粗工艺过程,重点对比了原始组织对镦粗峰值载荷的影响。结果表明:铸态和锻态690合金在热压缩过程中均发生了动态再结晶,在相同变形条件下,锻态合金再结晶比例大。镦粗过程中的峰值载荷随锻压速度的增大和坯料预热温度的减小而升高,且一般情况下铸态合金的峰值载荷更大。两种合金不同温度下应变速率敏感因子的差别导致了二者镦粗峰值载荷随工艺参数变化的规律不同。     

Inconel 718高温合金等温压缩过程的组织演变及温度场模拟

采用Gleeble 3800热压缩试验机、Deform-3D有限元软件和光学显微镜研究了Inconel 718高温合金在950～1150℃温度范围和应变速率0.1～10 s^-1范围内的组织演变和温度场模拟。结果表明，在低变形温度和高应变速率下，初始阶段随着应变的增加，流变应力迅速增加到峰值。达到峰值应力后，流变曲线呈现出明显的流变软化现象。在低变形温度、高应变速率下，产生的变形热较大，合金易于发生动态再结晶，且动态再结晶程度较高，晶粒尺寸较小。当应变速率降低，变形热也逐渐降低，合金内部动态再结晶的晶粒体积分数减少。在变形温度为1100℃和应变速率为0.1 s^-1时，合金发生完全动态再结晶。基于Deform-3D软件模拟的温度场分布结果可知，低变形温度、高应变速率的热变形条件会使合金内部产生较大的变形热，随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低，变形热的值逐渐减小。当变形温度和应变速率一定时，合金内的变形热会随真应变的增加而不断增加。     

端子连接器用Cu-Fe-P-Zn-Sn-Mg合金的热变形行为

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,采用等温压缩试验,研究了Cu-Fe-P-Zn-Sn-Mg合金在变形温度为750~950℃、应变速率为0.01~10s-1条件下的流变应力的变化规律,测定了其真应力-应变曲线,并分析了合金在热压缩过程中的组织演变规律。结果表明,合金的真应力-应变曲线具有典型的动态再结晶特征,其流变应力随变形温度的降低以及应变速率的提高而增大,且变形温度越高、应变速率越小,合金越容易发生动态回复和再结晶。在试验基础上,计算并建立了合金热变形过程中流变应力与变形温度和应变速率之间关系的热压缩高温变形本构方程。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.