影响分布式光纤传感器后向瑞利散射波形的关键因素研究

基于相干后向瑞利散射原理搭建了一套分布式光纤传感系统,并设计了一种优化的掺铒光纤放大器。以此为基础进行实验,分析了消光比、传感距离和传感光纤前后端反射等几个关键因素对相干后向瑞利散射波形的影响。实验结果表明:适当地设计电光调制器偏置电压与掺铒光纤放大器,可明显改善注入脉冲信号峰值功率和消光比;由于注入信号光消光比的限制,短距离传感比长距离传感更容易获得优良的散射信号;消除传感光纤前后端的菲涅耳反射也能显著提升散射信号的质量与稳定性。     

使用SOA的一种多信道全双工光纤无线通信系统

提出一种新的在中心站使用单个光源的全双工光纤无线通信系统.该系统在中心站基于半导体光放大器(SOA)的交叉增益调制效应,产生用于下行链路传输的40 GHz毫米波信号.下行链路的基带信号仅调制于一个光载波边带上,而上行链路数据在基站中调制于来自中心站的光载波并发射回中心站.在40k m的传输距离内,双向误码特性都没有基底,下行链路功率代价为3.5 dBm,上行链路功率代价小于0.5 dBm,成功地实现了速率为2.5 Gbit/s的双向链路传输.系统在远距离传输中显示出较好的性能,在高射频波段和多信道全双工系统中有着重要的应用价值.     

2.07μm光纤激光在弱湍流条件下的传输特性研究

本文报道了一种2.07μm波段可调谐主动锁模光纤激光并在室内模拟大气湍流条件下进行传输特性研究。增益介质为1.5 m长的掺钬光纤,主动锁模通过LiNbO3强度调制器在腔内引入周期强度调制实现。腔内引入非线性偏振旋转效应实现波长2058.4nm^2078.6nm可调谐。实验获得了稳定的基频锁模脉冲和10阶,24阶,48阶谐波锁模脉冲,对应频谱信噪比为66.79 dB、61.37 dB、54.82 dB和49.66 dB。锁模脉冲经过数字调制后在实验室内大气湍流模拟池中进行传输,分别获得了?T为70℃,140℃和210℃时三种湍流强度和背对背条件下的眼图;与背对背条件相比,在?T=210℃时光信噪比降低了9.14 dB。     

基于注入锁模光纤激光器的OTDM时钟提取技术实验研究

提出了一个新的全光时钟提取方案 :用非均匀复用后的OTDM信号去驱动主动锁模光纤环行激光器中的调制器件 ,得到复用前的单路时钟光脉冲 ,并且成功地从 2×10Gb/sOTDM信号中提取出 10GHz的单路时钟光脉冲     

超快非线性干涉仪开关窗口的特性研究

超快非线性干涉仪（UNI）是一种基于半导体光放大器（SOA）的超高速全光开关器件。UNI的开关窗口特性的好坏是评价UNI性能的一个重要指标。文章对单臂结构的UNI的工作原理进行了描述,并用Optisystem 3.0对UNI开关窗口特性进行了仿真模拟,详细分析了延时τ.SOA的偏置电流、控制光功率以及连续光功率等因素对UNI开关窗口的影响,从而为实现最佳的开关窗口提供了一个理论指导。     

163 fs被动锁模掺Er~(3+)光纤激光器

研制了一种采用非线性偏振旋转锁模效应的被动锁模掺Er3+飞秒激光器。利用性能稳定的980 nm激光二极管(LD)作为抽运光源,以高掺杂Er3+光纤为增益介质,在抽运功率为650 m W时,激光器锁模输出重复频率为31.25 MHz、平均输出功率为70 m W、中心波长为1565 nm、光脉冲宽度为163 fs的稳定飞秒脉冲激光。该激光器易于操作和调节,并且锁模状态稳定可以长时间的运行,其光纤结构更有利于小型化和便携化。     

全光纤结构超短脉冲光纤放大器

本文利用掺Yb光纤的非线性偏振旋转效应搭建了光纤环形腔激光器,通过改变增益光纤的长度和耦合器输入输出的比例,对其进行优化,获得了稳定的自启动锁模脉冲,并以此作为种子源,采用主振荡功率放大MOPA全光纤结构,以双包层掺Yb光纤为增益介质实现了对种子源信号光的放大,获得了平均功率2.042W、中心波长1063.8 nm、重...     

高功率双包层Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤放大器的动态响应

基于速率方程的离散算法,分析了双包层Er3 /Yb3 共掺光纤放大器的动态响应,显示了输出功率和增益的动态特征。当单个脉冲注入放大器时,输出脉冲的峰值功率不仅依赖于输入脉冲的峰值功率,而且依赖于泵浦功率;当脉冲序列注入时,输出脉冲的功率和增益最终将收敛于它们的稳态值。在双信道情况下,输入脉冲重叠时的输出功率和增益变得更陡峭。在连续波泵浦下,反向自发辐射输出功率(ASE-)首先快速地增加到峰值功率,然后单调下降到稳态值;在脉冲波泵浦下,反向自发辐射输出功率(ASE )与光纤长度成反比,而ASE-与光纤长度成正比。     

飞秒锁模光纤激光器及倍频程超连续谱试验研究

介绍了一种可应用于星载光学频率梳的自锁定全光纤飞秒激光器.该激光器采用非线性偏振旋转(NPR)方式,利用电控偏振控制器(EPC)实现自动锁模.当泵浦功率为420 mW时,通过电控偏振控制器的自动调节来改变腔内偏振态,从而达到稳定的锁模状态.在稳定锁模状态下,激光器输出脉冲的中心波长为1560 nm,输出功率为30 mW...     

脉冲编码Φ-OTDR系统性能分析

研究了基于编码调制的相位敏感光时域反射计(Φ-OTDR)系统原理,该系统向传感光纤注入经过编码后的光脉冲序列,在接收端经过数据处理提升Φ-OTDR系统信噪比,从而提高系统传感距离.对比研究了脉冲编码方式和传统信号处理方式对系统信噪比的影响;采用格雷码进行了实验分析,通过匹配滤波对编码脉冲回拨信号进行降噪处理,并与单脉冲信号结果进行了对比.结果表明,采用脉冲编码可提高Φ-OTDR系统动态范围,能有效提升系统综合性能.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.