Brief Analysis of the Risk of Urban Water Disaster

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｉｔｙ，ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｐｌａｃｅｗｉｔｈｍｏｓｔｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ，ａｃｔｓａｓｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌ，ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｎｄｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｃｅｎ－ｔｅｒ．Ｏｎｃｅｈｉｔｂｙｗａｔｅｒｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒ，ｔｈｅｃｉｔｙｗｉｌｌｃａｕｓｅｈｅａｖｙｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｌｏｓｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ，ｉｔ＇ｓｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｓｔａｎｄｂｅｔｔｅｒｔｈｅｕｒｂａｎｗａｔｅｒｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒａｎｄｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｔｈｅｓｅｎｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｄａ…     

Major Flood Disasters in the History of the Yangtze River

Ｔｈｅｆｌｏｏｄｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｉｎ１９３１．ＩｎＪｕｌｙ１９３１，ｔｈｅｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｒｅａｃｈｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒｗａｓｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｔｗｉｃｅｔｈｅｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐｅｒｉｏ...     

The International Seminar Convened in Beijing on the Promulgation and the Implementation of“Natural Disaster Reduction Plan of the People's Republic of China”

ＴｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｅｍｉｎａｒＣｏｎｖｅｎｅｄｉｎＢｅｉｊｉｎｇｏｎｔｈｅＰｒｏｍｕｌｇａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｔｈｅＩｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆ＂ＮａｔｕｒａｌＤｉｓ┐ａｓｔｅｒＲｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｌａｎｏｆｔｈｅＰｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓＲｅｐ...     

The Origin of Downstream Drain age of the Yellow River

Ｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｏｆｗａｔｅｒｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄａｓ＂ｔｈｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｌｉｆｅ＂，＂ｔｈｅｌｉｆｅｂｌｏｏｄｏｆｃｒｅａｔｕｒｅｓ＂ａｎｄ＂ｔｈｅｍｏｔｈｅｒｏｆｈｕｍａｎｃｉｖｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ＂．Ｓｉｎｃｅａｎｃｉ...     

Disaster Reduction in the Last Decade by the Ministry of Health

The Ministry of Health has been an active participant in the activities of the International Decadefor Natural Disaster Reduction.Following the assignment of the Government,the Ministry hastaken the responsibility of conducting disaster relief and disease prevention in cooperation withdepartments concerned,and effectively prevented the happening and spreading of major epidemicdiseases whenever the country suffered a catastrophic natural disaster.It has secured the healthand safety of the pe…     

Analysis and Prediction of the Causesto the 1998 Flood in China

１ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＤｉｓａｓｔｒｏｕｓＦｌｏｏｄａｎｄＳｔｏｒｍＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎＭＡＬＲＯＹＲ，１９９８１．１ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＤｉｓａｓｔｒｏｕｓＳｔｏｒｍＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＲｅａｃｈｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒｉｎ１９９８ＡｄｉｓａｓｔｒｏｕｓｆｌｏｏｄｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅａｎｄｌｏｗｅｒｒｅａｃｈｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒ（ＭＡＬＲＯＹＲ）ｉｎ１９９８．ＢｙＡｕｇｕｓｔ２０，ｈｉｇｈｆｌｏｏｄｗａｔｅｒｌｅｖｅｌｈａ…     

A Summary Account of the Natural Disaster Situations in the First Half of 1997 in China

Inthefirsthalfof1997,therehadbeendifferentkindsofnaturalcalamitiesstrikingseveralpartsofChinasuchasdisastersofsnow,earthquake,drought,windandhail,raingust,floodsandwaterlogging,andicerun.ClosingJune30,thepopulationaffectedbyvariouskindsofdisastersreachedasmanyas76.72millionpeopleand39.84millionpeopleweredirectvictimsofthesedisasters.1,119peoplediedand24,000peoplewereinjured.Apopulationof630,000wasbesiegedbyfloods;809,000housesweredestroyed;26.7millionhaofcropsweredamagedand890,000peoplehadtobe…     

The Death of Humanitarianism?: An Anatomy of the Attack

Over recent years, the humanitarian community has been under increasing scrutiny and attracted harsh criticism. This mounting critique of humanitarianism has shifted from being concerned primarily with the poor functioning of the humanitarian system to one targeted on basic humanitarian values. This paper is concerned to understand the factors driving the attack on humanitarian values. It identifies four apparently disparate groups who are interested in attacking these values: the anti-imperialists, the realpolitikers, the developmentalists and the neo-peaceniks. It concludes that unless humanitarian actors are aware of these diverse threats to their values and operations, they risk being co-opted or marginalised.     

Summary Account of Natural Disaster Situationsfor the First Quarter of 1997

Duringthistime,snowdisaster,earthquake,drought,stormandfloodsmainlyoccurredinChina.Thedisasterscausedthedeathof68personsandinjuriesof594.Asmanyas246,oooroomscolIapsed.Damagesdidto6.2millionhaofcrops.Thedirecteconomiclossestotalled1.73billionyuanRMB.Xinjiang,Yunnan,Henan,ChongqingandGansuareamongtheseprovinceswithgreatlosses.Thedisasterssharedthefollowingfeatures:(1)variouskindsofnaturaldisasters,inparticularearthquakeandsnowdisasters;(2)theconcentrationofdisasteraffectedregion.Earthquakem…     

Declaration of the Potsdam Early Warning Conference

ＴｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＩＤＮＤＲＣｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｎＥａｒｌｙＷａｒｎｉｎｇＳｙｓｔｅｍｓｆｏｒｔｈｅＲｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＮａｔｕｒａｌＤｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓｗａｓｈｅｌｄａｔｔｈｅＧｅｏＦｏｒｓｃｈｕｎｇｓＺｅｎｔｒｕｍｉｎＰｏｔｓｄａ...     

Should all disaster risks be reduced? A perspective from the systems concept of the edge of chaos

The field of disaster risk reduction (DRR) has risen to prominence since the declaration of the International Decade of Disaster Risk Reduction between 1990 and 2000. This decade provided the impetus for a change from the predominant paradigm of disaster response to that of disaster risk reduction as a means of addressing the underlying drivers that lead to disasters. In an effort to promote risk reduction, the UNISDR (the principal agency for disaster risk reduction within the UN structure) formulated policies and strategies to provide both conceptual and practical guidance as to how risk should be reduced. However noble the efforts, this paper contends that the current approach to and understanding of risk within the international community might not be cognisant of complex adaptive systems (CAS) concepts such as the edge of chaos. Specifically, this concept argues that risk (or chaos) within a system is actually a fundamental requirement to the functioning of all resilient socio-ecological systems. Therefore, the reduction of risk without an understanding of the role of that risk within the larger socio-ecological system might actually end up reducing the system’s overall level of disaster resilience. This paper aims to explore the concept of edge of chaos through a literature review of key theoretical works on the topic, followed by a discussion on its implications for the predominant paradigm of risk reduction within disaster risk management policy and practice.     

On the Forest Vegetation Role in the Flood Control in Light of the Severest Floods in the Yangtze River Valley

１ＤｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＦｏｒｅｓｔＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎＩｓｔｈｅＭａｊｏｒＣａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅＳｅｖｅｒｅｓｔＦｌｏｏｄｓｏｆ１９９８ＰｒｅｍｉｅｒＺｈｕＲｏｎｇｊｉｓａｉｄａｔａｎｉｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗｗｉｔｈＭａＹｏｎｇｓｈｕｎ，ａｎｏｌｄｍｏｄｅｌｗｏｒｋｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｏｆｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｙ，＂Ｔｈｉｓｙｅａｒ，ｔｈｅｓｅｖｅｒｅｓｔｆｌｏｏｄｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｅｄｂｏｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈａｎｄｎｏｒｔｈｏｆｏｕｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｙ．Ｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｉｓｎａｔ…     

Strengthen the City's Ability of Disaster Prevention and Reduction in the Urbanization Process

Since1990's,thecontinueddevelopmentstrategyhasbeenacceptedgraduallybythewholeworld.Theconceptthat"thedevelopmentshouldnotonlymeettheneedsofpeopletoday,butalsoshouldnotconstituteathreattomeetingtheabilityofdemandsofthefuturegenerations"acontinueddevelopmentconceptwillbecomeoneofthebasicconceptsthatwillleapoverthecen-tury.Thestrategyofpromotingourcountrybyscienceandeducationandthecontinueddevelop-mentstrategyaretwobigstrategiesofcountry'sdevelopmentwhichareformulatedintheninthfive-year-planandth…     

Strategic Orientation and Basic Exploration Thinking of the Western Development of China

1 Western development strategy is nationwide. The Western development strategy is initiated from the general goal, the overall arrangement and the general strategic deployment of the nation's development. The followings are included: (1) the initiative factors of the western development strategy are: a tremendous economic growth in the eastern and coastal area of China; an unprecedented development of the national abilities on investment and independent growth; the widening gap between the ea…     

Speech at the Seventh Plenary Session of CNCIDNDR

Comrades:Justnow,CornradeFanBaojunpresentedanexplanationonrelevantissuesregardingNaturalDisasterReductlonPlanofPeople'sRepublicofChina.MemberspresenthaveputforwardverygoodsuggestionsandcommentsabouttheimplementationandprefectofthePlan.WehaveagreedunanimouslysubmittherevisedPlantotheStateCouncilforfinalapproval.WecansaynowthatwiththeconcertedeffortsofalImemberorganizationsofCNCIDNDR,wehavecompletedtherevlewofthePlan.Now,IwouldliketomakesomecommentsonirnplementingthePlan.1ToRaisetheA…     

A Brief Introduction of Natural Disasters in the First Half of Year 1998

Ｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｈａｄｓｕｆｅｒｅｄｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｎａｔｕｒａｌｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｈａｌｆｏｆｙｅａｒ１９９８，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｓｎｏｗｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓ，ｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ，ｈａｉｌｓｔｏｒｍｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｓ，ｓａ...     

The Setting-up of the Synthetical Database for Disaster Reduction

ＴｈｅｒｉｓｅａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＩＤＮＤＲｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｓｕｎｄｏｕｂｔｅｄｌｙａｇｒｅａｔｐｕｓｈｔｏｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｎａｔ－ｕｒａｌｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ．Ｉｔｃａｌｓｐｅ...     

The Water Resource in the Middle of Shaanxi Province

ＴｈｅＷａｔｅｒＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｉｎｔｈｅＭｉｄｄｌｅｏｆＳｈａａｎｘｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅＺｈａｎｇＲｕｈｅ（ＳｈａａｎｘｉＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕ，Ｘｉ＇ａｎ７１００００）ＳｈａａｎｘｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｉｓａｎｉｎｌａｎｄｐｒｏｖｉｎ...     

The Brief Introduction to the Center of Disaster Reduction,Chinese Academy of Sciences

TheCenterofDisasterReduction,ChineseAcademyofSciencesisestablishedonSeptember14,1995.Itisanunionofoverfortyinstituteswhichareengagedinthestudyfordisasterreduction.Theaimsare:bymakingfulluseoftheadvantagesofdisasterreductioninCASsuchasmultiplesbjects,richadvdncedtechnologyandstrongcomprehensiveresearchtheory,activelypartakingintheplanofscientificfieldfordisasterreductionandtheformulationoffcorrespondingpriorityproject;assistingCNCIDNDRandsomenationaldepartmentstocarryoutandformulatenatio…     

An Integrated Flood Disaster Prevention System for the Sustainable Development of the Yangtze River Basin

An overview of the flooding history of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) indicates the tendency ofmore frequent occurrence of flood disasters in the area due to intensified human activities anddeterioration of the ecological environment of waters.According to records,flood disastersoccurred every83years in YRB before1 5 2 4,while during the period1 5 2 5～ 1 85 1 the frequencyincreased up to once every2 0 years on the average.It further increased to once every5 yearsduring 1 92 5～ 1 949and onc…