时效处理对Al-Mg-4.5Si-4.5Zn合金性能的影响

在540 ℃×2 h水淬固溶处理的基础上,研究了时效处理对新型Al-Mg-4.5Si-4.5Zn合金性能的影响。结果表明:合金的硬度随时效温度的升高和时效时间的延长先增加后减小,在190 ℃时效2 h达到最大值135.1 HBW;抗拉强度随时效时间的延长先增加后减小,在190 ℃时效3 h时达到最大值390.12 MPa。根据综合性能确定Al-Mg-4.5Si-4.5Zn合金的最佳时效工艺为190 ℃×3 h。     

绿色建筑铝合金型材的热处理与力学性能

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验机等手段,研究了固溶时间、时效温度和时效时间对Al-1.0Mg-0.6Si-0.25Cu合金显微组织、硬度和拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明,固溶温度540℃、固溶保温时间60 min时,合金中黑色块状Mg2Si初生相基本回溶至基体,而继续延长保温时间,白色条状或块状Al Fe Si相不会发生明显变化,而晶粒发生粗化;随着固溶保温时间的延长,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和硬度都呈现先增加而后减小的特征,断后伸长率先减小而后增大;随着时效温度升高,时效时间延长,合金中细小第二相数量不断增多,晶粒有所粗化,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和硬度都呈现先增加而后减小的特征,断后伸长率先减小而后增大。Al-1.0Mg-0.6Si-0.25Cu合金适宜的固溶保温时间为60 min、时效温度为180℃、时效时间为7 h。     

7075铝合金的热处理工艺与组织性能研究

研究了固溶和时效热处理对锻态7075合金显微组织、硬度和拉伸力学性能的影响,并对断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明,锻态7075合金中的第二相主要为Al7Cu2Fe、η(Mg Zn2)和S(Al2Cu Mg)相;经过固溶处理后,晶界处η(Mg Zn2)相已经回溶至基体中;固溶温度为480℃时组织中存在Al7Cu2Fe相,而η(Mg Zn2)和S(Al2Cu Mg)相消失;随固溶温度升高,合金显微硬度先上升后减小,在470℃时显微硬度最高;随固溶时间延长,显微硬度先上升后降低,在240 min时硬度最大;延长时效时间,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度都有所提高,而断后伸长率略有降低;7075合金经470℃×240 min固溶以及125℃×24 h时效后可以获得良好的强度和塑性。     

固溶温度对Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金组织和耐磨性的影响

制备了一种新型Al-9Si-2Cu-0.3Mg合金,研究了固溶温度对合金组织、硬度及耐磨性的影响。结果表明,535~545℃固溶温度范围内,随固溶温度升高,合金中析出第二相细化,弥散分布在基体中,合金硬度及耐磨性逐渐增大;550℃固溶时,出现过烧,使晶界熔化,组织粗大,硬度下降,耐磨性变差。经545℃×4 h固溶+170℃×8 h时效后,合金硬度值可达120.7 HBW,耐磨性最好。     

热处理工艺对6061铝合金硬度和导电率的影响

研究了热处理工艺对6061铝合金硬度和电导率的影响。结果表明:固溶处理过程中,随着固溶时间的增加,合金硬度先降低后升高,后又逐渐降低,随着固溶温度的增加,显微硬度值逐渐增大;时效过程中,硬度值随时效时间增加先升高后降低,电导率随时效时间增加逐渐升高并趋于稳定;6061铝合金最佳的热处理制度为540℃固溶4 h+173℃时效11 h,此时合金的硬度值为119.74 HV6,电导率为56%·IACS;对合金电导率影响最大的参数是固溶温度和时效时间,对硬度值影响最大的参数是时效时间。     

热处理对Cu-3.0Ni-0.75Si-0.3Co合金组织性能的影响

研究了热处理对Cu-3.0Ni-0.75Si-0.3Co合金电导率、硬度和组织演变规律的影响,并探讨了合金的强化机理。结果表明,随固溶温度升高,合金的晶界和晶内的Ni3Si2和CoSi相粒子数量逐渐减少,合金的过饱和固溶度不断增大。在950℃×1h固溶后,由于第二相粒子的尺寸较小、数量很少,在扫描电镜图片中出现的第二相粒子未能在XRD图谱中发现,说明在950℃×1h固溶处理后溶质元素能较为充分溶于基体中。经950℃×1h固溶处理和60%的冷变形后,电导率随时效时间的延长而升高,之后趋于平稳。随着时效温度的升高,电导率也不断提高;硬度随时效时间的延长先升高,后降低;时效温度越高,到达峰值所需的时间越短。在950℃×1h固溶处理,经60%的冷变形,450℃×6h时效处理后,合金的综合性能较好,此时,合金硬度(HB)为257,电导率为20.18 MS/m。     

强化固溶处理对含Sr 2099型铝锂合金组织和位错强化的影响

通过显微组织观察、硬度测试以及XRD分析,研究强化固溶处理对一种Sr微合金化2099型铝锂合金组织和位错强化的影响。结果表明,与常规固溶(540℃,2h)相比,强化固溶(540℃,2h+550℃,2.67h)促进了合金中粗大第二相的溶解,降低了合金后续T8时效处理(121℃,14h+151℃,48h)后的硬度(分别为162.7HV和154.1HV),显著降低了合金中的位错及位错强化。基于Taylor公式的定量计算表明,强化固溶使合金时效强化有所加强,强化固溶合金硬度的降低主要是位错强化降低所致。微合金化元素Sr不能有效使2099型铝锂合金在其固溶处理温度(540～550℃)驻留位错,2099型铝锂合金强度、硬度的进一步提高需要进行进一步微合金化设计。     

热处理工艺对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn镁合金组织和性能的影响

研究固溶和时效处理对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明,试验合金经345 ℃固溶12 h水冷后,合金组织中的Mg32(Al,Zn)49和Al2Mg5Zn2相三元化合物数量急剧减小,并且原有连续网状Mg32(Al,Zn)49相变为断续网状,颗粒状Mg32(Al,Zn)49相和小块状Al2Mg5Zn2相变得更加圆整和细小.同时,合金的显微硬度随固溶时间增加而逐渐降低.经180 ℃时效处理后,析出大量弥散分布的细小Mg-Zn-Al三元颗粒状析出物,并且随着时效时间延长,合金的显微硬度逐渐增加,在12 h时达到最大值.     

固溶处理对挤压铸造Al17.5Si4Cu0.5Mg0.1Mn合金显微组织及硬度的影响

研究了固溶处理温度和固溶处理时间对挤压铸造Al17.5Si4Cu0.5Mg0.1Mn合金显微组织及硬度的影响。结果表明:固溶处理后合金的显微组织得到明显改善,硬度大幅度提高。随着固溶温度的增加,共晶Si相逐渐粒化,合金的布氏硬度值逐渐增加,当固溶温度为525℃时,共晶Si相形貌相对圆整,合金具有最大布氏硬度值;随着固溶时间的延长,合金显微组织中的共晶Si相发生熔断、粒化、粗化现象,合金的布氏硬度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,当固溶时间为6 h时,合金的布氏硬度达到最大值HB 124。试验得到的挤压铸造Al17.5Si4Cu0.5Mg0.1Mn合金的最佳固溶处理工艺为525℃,保温时间为6 h。     

固溶处理工艺对V-5(Al-5Ti-1B)氢分离合金显微组织、硬度和轧制性能的影响

在真空电弧炉中熔炼制备V-5(Al-5Ti-1B)合金（V-5ATB合金）,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、硬度测试和轧制性能测试技术,研究固溶处理温度和时间对V-5ATB合金的显微组织、硬度和轧制性能的影响。研究结果表明：V-5ATB合金在800和900℃固溶处理,随着温度升高,TiB相逐渐溶入V基固溶体（Vss）,晶粒随之长大。合金TiB第二相析出强化及细晶强化的效应减弱程度大于固溶强化效应的增加程度,导致合金硬度随温度升高而降低。而在1000℃固溶处理时,合金中TiB相几乎完全溶入Vss中,固溶强化效应占主导使合金硬度值出现回升。V-5ATB合金在900℃固溶处理随着时间延长,TiB相逐步溶入到Vss中,晶粒随之长大。合金第二相析出强化及细晶强化的效应减弱程度大于固溶强化效应的增加程度,导致合金固溶处理后的硬度随时间延长而降低。V-5ATB合金较适宜的固溶处理工艺参数为900℃/2 h。固溶处理态合金的轧制性能相比于铸态的提升了约24%。     

Hot Shortness of Al 4.5% Cu Alloy

Synopsis

The effects of the addition of iron, copper, silicon and titanium at two levels on the hot shortness of the aluminium 4.5% copper casting alloy was studied. The compositions used were within the limits of the British Standard Specification BSS L92. The hot shortness was measured using the ring casting die technique¹ and the effect of compositional changes determined using the analysis of variance. Two compositions of high and low level of hot shortness sensitivity were then retested for hot shortness in a die of another design which confirmed the results of the first series of tests. Thermal analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopy were used for examining the freezing behaviour and the microstructure of the two alloys of extreme cracking behaviour. Two arrest temperatures, 644°C and 544 or 550°C indicate freezing of the α solid solution and the Al-Cu eutectic respectively. The 544°C arrest occurred with the hot short alloy and that at 550°C with the less hot short. In addition, the less hot short alloy shows arrests at 612°C and 586°C. The constituents are iron rich phases which separate out at these latter temperatures, freezing before the eutectic, and forming a framework which isolates the eutectic into pockets increasing the ability of the test pieces to resist constraint stresses imposed by the testing die. Tensile tests on chill cast test bars show that the UTS of both alloys are above the specified minimum but the elongation of the less hot short alloy is lower than specified.     

Effects of Solution Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Mg-4.5Zn-4.5Sn-2Al-0.6Sr Alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg-4.5Zn-4.5Sn-2Al-0.6Sr alloy are investigated both in the as-cast condition and after the different three-step solution heat treatments (a solution heat treatment of 310 °C × 4 h + 340 °C × 28 h followed by a high-temperature solution treatment) to explore the optimal solution treatment cycle. The as-cast alloy contains a microstructure consisting of the α-Mg matrix, Mg₂Sn, Mg₅₁Zn₂₀, Mg₃₂(Al, Zn)₄₉, and MgSnSr phases. After the solution heat treatment, all the Mg₅₁Zn₂₀, the Mg₃₂(Al, Zn)₄₉ phases, and most of the Mg₂Sn phase are dissolved into the matrix, only the MgSnSr phase and a minority of the Mg₂Sn phase are remained in the granular form or the fine dot-like. The volume fraction of the residual second phases decreases from 5.61 to 1.84% with the increasing solution time from 0 to 4 h at 420 °C and it decreases from 2.9 to 0.4% with the increasing solution temperature from 420 to 480 °C for 2 h. The alloy that experiences the solution treatment of 310 °C × 4 h + 340 °C × 28 h + 460 °C × 2 h exhibits the highest strength and the best plasticity among all the solution-treated alloys. Therefore, the optimal solution treatment is 310 °C × 4 h + 340 °C × 28 h + 460 °C × 2 h. The residual second phases in the alloy that experiences the optimal solution treatment are confirmed to be the Mg₂Sn phase and the MgSnSr phase which are related to their relatively high thermal stability. The ultimate tensile strength and the elongation to rupture of the as-solutionized alloy are 238 MPa and 12%, respectively, about 25 MPa and 2.4% higher than the counterparts of the as-cast alloy.     

A1-4.5Cu合金半固态坯料制备研究

研究了稀土Ce对铝铜合金微观组织的影响以及A14.5Cu合金半固态坯料的制备工艺.实验表明:在Al-4.5Cu合金中加入稀土Ce,细化了合金的微观组织,固液两相区间变窄,改善了合金的凝固性能.浇注温度和浇注方式对合金坯料制备也有明显的影响.在700℃采用斜坡振动铜模水冷浇注可制备性能优良的稀土Al-4.5Cu半固态坯料,其组织为细小均匀的等轴球状晶,且制备工艺简单.     

Research of quasi-solid fracture behavior of casting AI-4.5Cu alloys

1. Introduction Casting Al-Cu alloy with high strength is widely used for its excellent properties in common temperature and high temperature applications. However, this family of alloys has a very special solidification behavior, i.e. wider solidification range, which will result in an inferior cast- ing performance and severe tendency to hot cracking. Hot crack[1] is a very dangerous solidification defect in casting and welding processes. But, up to day, the research on hot cracking is stil…     

Al-4.5%Cu合金凝固过程显微组织的数值模拟

对Al 4 .5 %Cu二元合金在水冷铜型中的凝固进行了模拟 ,建立了耦合温度场、浓度场和微观生长过程的凝固组织模拟模型。以CA(CellularAutomaton)技术为基础 ,建立了晶粒生长过程的局部演变规则 ,在晶粒尺度上模拟了其凝固过程。将相同条件下的实验结果和模拟结果进行了对照 ,检验了模型的正确性与适用条件。     

Research of quasi-solid fracture behavior of casting Al-4.5Cu alloys

The influencing mechanisms of elements Ti and Ce and their interactions on fracture behaviors of casting alloys Al-4.5Cu-0.6Mn were studied by observing tensile fracture behavior in quasi-solid zone under SEM and EDX instruments.The results indicate that the resistance stress against hot cracking can be improved obviously by addition of Ti, because of its grain refining function. It is also found that, when Ce is added into the alloys, besides its effect in refining crystalline, the mechanical behavior of lower melting point eutectic phase in quasi-solid zone can be improved efficiently by some compounds with Ce formed and deposited between dendrites. Therefore, a coiligating effect of Ti and Ce on improving resistance stress against hot cracking is more efficient than that only single alloy element is applied. When hot cracking occurs, grains yield at first, and then crack spreads. Both inter-grain and trans-grain fractures are observed, but the major fracture manner is brittleness.     

脉冲磁场下制备半固态铝铜合金坯料的研究

采用脉冲磁场技术制备了半固态Al-4.5Cu合金坯料,考察了冷却速度和脉冲频率对半固态坯料初生α-Al相形貌和尺寸的影响.结果表明,利用脉冲磁场处理可以制备出初生α-A1相为细小的近球状颗粒的半固态Al-4.5Cu合金坯料.初生α -Al相平均晶粒尺寸和平均形状系数分别随着冷却速度的减小和脉冲频率的增加而相应的减小和增加.但当冷却速度减小到20℃/min,脉冲频率增大到10 Hz时,半固态组织有所粗化.当冷却速度为40℃/min,脉冲频率为6 Hz时,半固态Al-4.5Cu合金坯料初生α-Al相平均晶粒尺寸最小,形貌最为圆整,适合于半固态成形.     

热电磁流体动力学对Al-4.5Cu合金定向凝固组织的影响

在定向凝固条件下 ,施加横向磁场。当磁感应强度 <1T时 ,有磁场存在时的显微组织较无磁场时枝晶间距增大 ,且随磁感应强度的增大 ,枝晶间距增大 ,二次枝晶间臂变粗 ,这是热电磁流体动力学影响的结果。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF CHANNEL SEGREGATION IN Al-4.5wt-%Cu ALLOY

Equations for numerical simulation of channel segregation based on a model of continuum ap-proach to porous medium were advanced.In order to solve the non-linear computation prob-lem caused by the interactions between unknown variables in the equations,the trial-and-er-ror method is used.The computation results showed that the radial back-flow due to naturalconvection in mushy zone indeed exists in A1-4.5wt-%Cu alloy ingot under the condition oflow cooling rate,and that the numerical simulation of channel segregation is applicable due tothe coincidence of calculated concentration with the experimental values.