辉光放电光谱法测定合金化镀锌板镀层中铁含量

利用辉光放电光谱法测定合金化镀锌板镀层中铁含量,根据样品由表至里的辉光放电积分图谱,分别积分计算镀层中锌、铝、合金化铁的质量,从而得到镀层中真实的铁含量。同时,根据GB/T 1839的镀锌表面处理办法将合金化镀锌板镀层全部溶出,采用ICP AES法测定镀层中铁的百分含量。结果发现,辉光放电光谱法与ICP AES法对两块试样分别进行6次测定,相对标准偏差分别为16%、19%和16%、031%,辉光放电光谱法测定结果与ICP AES法偏差分别为032%和048%。通过这种方法比对,还可以在采用辉光放电光谱法对非典型合金化镀锌板进行分析时优化积分参数,确保在线生产检验的连续性及准确性。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定锌铁合金镀层铁含量的影响因素探讨

采用理学Simultix14型X射线荧光光谱仪测定锌铁合金镀层铁含量时,发现有部分试样的检测结果与国家标准推荐的方法存在较大差异,经验证,该设备不适用于低镀层量的试样和高强钢试样。实验从X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)的检测原理、锌铁合金板的平整度、合金层结构、试样表面镀层均匀性、表面粗糙度及表面后处理等方面探讨了影响X射线荧光光谱法测定锌铁合金镀层铁含量准确性的原因。结果发现,实验用X射线荧光光谱仪的检测原理决定了该设备只适用于镀层质量大于40g/m²的试样;试样不平整时,检测结果偏大;试样的合金层结构(钢种)、镀层均匀性及表面粗糙度也会影响检测结果的准确性;而试样表面后处理(L处理)对检测结果无影响。该设备适用于镀层质量较大的平整的软钢试样。     

原子吸收光谱法测定钨合金中痕量铁

钨合金试样中含有钨、铁、锰等元素,将钨合金试样经盐酸-硝酸在加热的条件下滴加氢氟酸溶解后,加入锶盐以消除其他元素对铁的干扰,采用原子吸收分光光度法对其中铁元素含量进行了测定。结果显示,微量铁的质量百分含量为0.3341%,其RSD为2.1976%,加标回收率为97%~101%。该方法测定速度快,灵敏度高,干扰小,结果准确可靠。     

The effects of measles virus persistent infection on AP-1 transcription factor binding in neuroblastoma cells

"Aerobiologia 2.0" is a simple computer program created to handle the pollen data collected every 2 hrs and daily by aerobiological monitoring stations equipped with Hirst-type spore traps. "Aerobiologia 2.0" runs on Windows 3.1 and is compatible with other programs that run on this operating system. The program was developed to store and process pollen data through a few straightforward operations. An unlimited calendar automatically calculates the day of the week. The pollen dictionary, which can hold up to 1216 different pollen types, may be modified or changed completely. Concentrations for every pollen type (in pollen grains/m3) are automatically recorded daily and every 2 hrs. 10-day and monthly sums are also calculated. The percentage of selected types, groups, or families of pollen collected each day, every 10 days, and monthly is quickly available. Pollen calendars and spectra in 24-hr, 10-day, monthly, tri-monthly, half-year, and yearly periods are readily produced. As soon as it is entered, the pollen data are saved on hard disk. A year's worth of data can be saved on a single 1.44 M byte floppy disk. Aerobiologia 2.0 is being used successfully to process the aeropollen data collected at the two monitoring stations managed by our Palynological Laboratory.     

新一代连续带钢真空镀膜技术的发展现状与展望

介绍了新一代连续带钢镀膜技术--真空镀膜的工艺特点及应用现状.热蒸发喷射、磁控溅射、电子束蒸发和等离子增强型电子束蒸发是目前最接近工业化的连续带钢真空镀膜工艺, 并在多家钢铁公司的真空镀膜中试线上得到了应用.其工艺特点是环保、良好的薄膜综合性能和可沉积材料的多样性及工艺组合的多样性,其镀层系统主要包括现有产品表面改性、极端环境应用镀层、环保高效的中间层系统以及新型多功能薄膜和复合薄膜.该技术目前正在走向工业化.工业化应用面临的主要问题是产品和市场定位问题.     

高频燃烧红外吸收法测定黑龙江典型鳞片石墨矿区浮选流程样品中固定碳

鳞片石墨矿浮选流程样品中的固定碳含量是确定浮选实验条件以及浮选实验所能达到选矿指标的重要依据。由于矿样中的碳酸盐、有机物,以及残留在样品表面的碳酸盐浮选药剂、有机浮选药剂等都会对固定碳含量的测定产生干扰,所以实验先将样品在高温下灼烧除去其中的有机碳,用酸将碳酸盐中的碳转化为二氧化碳挥发除去,然后以铁屑和钨锡混合助熔剂进行助熔,以人工配制的石墨矿校准物质绘制校准曲线,建立了高频燃烧红外吸收法测定鳞片石墨矿浮选流程样品中固定碳含量的方法。对称样量、灼烧温度、灼烧时间、酸处理条件和助熔剂用量进行了优化,确定实验条件如下:称样量为0.04000~0.1200g,灼烧温度为470℃,灼烧时间为60min,采用王水(1+4)分解样品中碳酸盐;采用0.5g铁屑和0.8g钨锡混合助熔剂进行助熔。在选定的实验条件下,固定碳质量在1.51~36.24mg 范围内与其对应红外吸收信号的积分面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9992,方法检出限为0.0053%,定量限为0.015%。将实验方法应用于黑龙江典型鳞片石墨矿浮选流程样品的原矿、粗精矿、中矿、尾矿中固定碳含量的测定,测定值与行业标准JC/T 1021.5—2007中的烧碱石棉吸收重量法基本一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.83%~2.7%。按实验方法对鳞片石墨矿选流程中任意3个流程样品(原矿、粗精矿、中矿和尾矿)中的固定碳含量进行测定,将其测定值代入浮选流程样品中元素的质量守恒定律公式计算得到第4个流程样品中固定碳的含量,将第4个流程样品中固定碳含量的测定值与其计算值相比可得到第4个流程样品中固定碳的回算率,结果表明,固定碳的回算率为98.4%~105%。     

火试金重量法测定载金炭中的金量

建立了样品焙烧处理一火试金重量法测定载金炭中的金量;经过了一系列条件实验,分别确定了称样量范围、焙烧温度、配料、熔样温度、分金时间、分金酸度及金银质量比例等最佳实验条件。在最佳实验条件下,该方法加入标准物质的回收率为99．85％-100．1％,与原子吸收光谱法对比,体现了更好的重复性和再现性。在载金炭交易中,该方法被推荐为仲裁分析方法。     

碘-乙醇分离—重铬酸钾滴定法间接测定脱硫渣中金属铁

脱硫渣中金属铁的含量对其再利用具有重要的指导意义,因此测定脱硫渣中金属铁的方法受到关注。在采用碘-乙醇浸取—重铬酸钾滴定法直接测定脱硫渣中金属铁时,因碘-乙醇的存在会干扰后续重铬酸钾滴定法对金属铁的测定,故在过滤分离沉淀后,需在高温下除尽滤液中的碘-乙醇后再进行测定,不仅操作较繁琐,且存在一定的安全隐患。据此,提出了碘-乙醇分离—重铬酸钾法间接测定脱硫渣中金属铁的方法,并对测定条件进行了优化。称取两份相同质量的试样,一份试样采用重铬酸钾滴定法测定其中的全铁量;另一份试样用碘-乙醇浸取其中的金属铁,过滤分离,弃去滤液,采用相同方法测定沉淀中的全铁量;两者之差即为一份试样中的金属铁量,以此间接计算出试样中金属铁的含量。采用实验方法测定金属铁质量分数在0.63%~2.63%之间的脱硫渣生产试样,测定结果与碘-乙醇浸取—重铬酸钾滴定直接测定法相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)在3.1%~15.9%之间。选择2个脱硫渣生产试样,分别加入不同质量的纯铁进行加标回收试验,金属铁的加标回收率在96%~108%之间。     

HIsmelt熔融还原主反应器能质流转模型构建与验证

 HIsmelt熔融还原炼铁工艺以铁矿粉和煤粉作为原料,流程中不需要烧结、球团和焦化,与高炉炼铁流程相比具有降碳减排等优势。明晰能质流转过程对HIsmelt熔融还原炼铁实际生产具有指导意义。基于物料平衡、热平衡方程,对输入和输出HIsmelt主反应器物质和能量进行平衡计算,建立能质流转模型,并结合FactSage中Equilib模块计算的各元素在渣铁两相间的质量分配比及实际生产数据对其进行修正。该模型可以计算原料和燃料成分、矿煤质量比、二次燃烧率、热风氧含量等参数对铁水温度、炉渣成分、热风量、煤气量等主要冶炼指标的影响。其次依据该模型,进行了物料平衡、热平衡计算,依据实际生产数据对模型计算结果进行了验证,结果表明该模型与实际生产数据契合度较高。探究了矿煤质量比对冶炼的影响,矿煤质量比为1.39～1.45时,矿煤质量比降低0.1,会使二次燃烧率降低0.23%,进而造成煤气化学能的利用率降低,同时需要更多的热风使煤粉燃烧,热风量和煤气产生量增加,可以通过适当提高热风氧含量以提高二次燃烧率并使煤气量降低来改善;矿煤质量比降低0.001,会使铁水温度升高3.76 ℃,有利于铁水后续的加工处理,但铁水温度升高使铁元素在铁液与渣中的比值降低,使炉渣FeO质量分数升高0.026%,增加铁损,可通过降低富氧热风喷吹量来降低铁的氧化量,从而降低铁损。     

Play it again with feeling: Computer feedback in musical communication of emotions.

Communication of emotions is of crucial importance in music performance. Yet research has suggested that this skill is neglected in music education. This article presents and evaluates a computer program that automatically analyzes music performances and provides feedback to musicians in order to enhance their communication of emotions. Thirty-six semiprofessional jazz/rock guitar players were randomly assigned to one of 3 conditions: (1) feedback from the computer program, (2) feedback from music teachers, and (3) repetition without feedback. Performance measures revealed the greatest improvement in communication accuracy for the computer program, but usability measures indicated that certain aspects of the program could be improved. Implications for music education are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

铁矿石矿物组分的X射线粉晶衍射半定量分析

为了确定大台沟铁矿含铁矿物种类与含量,在大台沟超深铁矿采集29件铁矿石样品,利用X射线粉晶衍射物相分析方法对铁矿矿物组分进行检测。物相分析结果表明,大台沟铁矿中可作为炼铁原料的含铁矿物组分为磁铁矿、赤铁矿和菱铁矿,不能作为炼铁原料的含铁矿物组分为滑石、角闪石、绿泥石和黄铁矿;结合全谱拟合半定量矿物分析技术,计算出各矿物组分的半定量结果,从而查清了大台沟铁矿含铁矿物的种类与含量。为了考察分析方法的精密度,在相同条件下对同一铁矿石样品进行X射线粉晶衍射半定量分析,样品中石英质量分数在59.0%～60.7%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.0%;磁铁矿质量分数在27.8%～29.5%之间,RSD为2.1%;滑石质量分数在9.6%～10.3%之间,RSD为2.9%;白云石质量分数在1.2%～1.6%之间,RSD为11.3%。为了考察分析方法的准确度,按不同比例配制4个标准样品,每个标样平行测定5次,计算出铁矿物参考值10%、30%、50%、70%的相对偏差分别不大于12.8%、4.7%、2.8%、2.5%。精密度及准确度的考察结果显示,方法基本满足X射线粉晶衍射矿物半定量分析的质量要求。     

能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测量钢铁中的铅

研究了采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法测定钢铁中Pb含量。研究表明,测试过程中FeKα系谱线和峰对测试有严重干扰。分析了和峰形成的机制并建立和峰计算数学模型,通过计算获得和峰出现概率,并对和峰出现的概率进行了实验验证。建立了和峰校正工作曲线并对未知样品进行测试,方法用于钢铁样品中Pb元素的分析,测量结果与原子吸收光谱法分析结果相符,方法检出限为24.1 μg/g。对铅含量为170 μg/g的标准样品测定12次,相对标准偏差为3. 26%。     

集散控制系统中智能串行通信终端设计

为满足建立动态易调整串行通信网络的需求,采用基于盲环境下对通讯波特率和帧格式自动识别的方法,设计了一种智能串行通信终端。在完成对上位机的通信设置后,该终端可在一切未知条件下自动识别并跟随上位机的通信设置,与上位机建立通信。工业应用证明该方法设计的智能串行通信终端运行稳定可靠、抗扰性能好、可大大提高串行通信的灵活性。     

The quality of clinical trials published in The Journal of Family Practice, 1974-1991

The contact area between an antibody (Ab) and the antigen (Ag) is called antigenic determinant or epitope. The first step in the characterization of an Ag by using monoclonal antibodies (MAb) is to map the relative distribution of the corresponding epitopes on the Ag surface. The computer program MAPAG has been devised to automatically construct antigenic maps. MAPAG is fed with a binary matrix of experimental data indicating the ability of paired MAb to bind or not simultaneously to the Ag. The program is interactive menu-driven and allows the user an easy data handling. MAPAG utilizes iterative processes to construct and to adjust the final map, which is graphically shown as a 2- or a 3-dimensional model. Additionally, the antigenic map obtained can be optionally modified by the user or readjusted by the program. The suitability of MAPAG was illustrated by running experimental data from literature and comparing antigenic maps constructed by the program with those elaborated by the investigators without the assistance of a computer. Furthermore, since some MAb could present negative allosteric effects leading to misinterpretation of data, MAPAG has been provided with an approximate reasoning module to solve such anomalous situations. Results indicated that the program can be successfully employed as a simple, fast and reliable antigenic model-builder.     

Interfacial layer development in hot-dip galvanneal coatings on interstitial free (IF) steel

During the annealing of hot-dip galvanized coatings on interstitial free (IF) steel, an interfacial layer was found to develop and grow at the steel/coating interface. The interfacial layer followed a three-step growth process in which there was initial rapid growth up to a thickness of approximately 1.0 μm, followed by a period of essentially no growth with continued zinc and iron interdiffusion into the coating, and finally renewed growth at long time (60 second) anneals. The interfacial layer did not inhibit zinc and iron interdiffusion or the development of the Fe-Zn alloy layer. Coating iron content increased rapidly before the interfacial layer grew to a thickness of 1.0 μm, however, once the coating reached a total iron content in excess of 11.0 wt pct, interfacial layer growth became active and coating iron content increased only slightly with continued annealing. Although powdering of the coating as evaluated by a 60 deg bend test was generally found to increase with an increase in interfacial layer thickness, particularly in excess of 1.0 μm, no definitive relationship between interfacial layer thickness and powdering was found. The thickness of this interfacial layer, however, can be used as an indicator of formability performance. Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定金属阳极涂层中钌和铱

在500~550℃马弗炉中采用氢氧化钾-硝酸钾熔融样品1h,热水浸出熔融物后加盐酸酸化,选择Ru 240.272nm、Ir 212.681nm为分析线,通过基体匹配法配制标准溶液系列消除基体效应的影响,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定溶液中钌和铱,由此建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定金属阳极涂层中钌和铱的分析方法。钌和铱在0.50~10mg/L范围内,其校准曲线线性相关系数均大于0.999;钌和铱的检出限分别为0.03和0.09g/m~2。按照实验方法测定金属阳极涂层样品中钌和铱,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)分别为0.69%和1.5%,与原子吸收光谱法(AAS)的测定结果基本吻合。     

The reconstruction and dose-rate calculation of radium needle implants

A comprehensive computer program has been developed for carrying out the various tasks associated with radium needle implants. Data input for the program are obtained by digitizing an orthogonal pair of radiographs with an analogue tracing system. Corresponding needles in the two radiographs are automatically located, and the implant may be rotated to any desired position in three dimensional space, at the same time presenting a view of the rotation on a storage oscilloscope. Automatic determination of the mean plane of a planar implant is possible, and the dose-rate distribution may be calculated in any specified plane. A Paterson--Parker exposure rate calculation may be performed with a biological dose and treatment time correction incorporated. The program is written in Fortran and runs on a small interactive computer system.     

Quantitative Image Analysis of Masonry Mortar Microstructure

The mechanisms involved in the bonding of brick and mortar include microstructural processes. These processes can be studied by analyzing digital computer microscopy images of brick and mortar specimens both qualitatively and quantitatively. In this study, all phases within an image of a masonry mortar specimen were segmented using an algorithm that combines a conventional grey-level thresholding technique with a filtering process to differentiate between the textures of each phase. The algorithm was integrated into a macro program so that the quantitative analysis could be performed automatically, saving time and limiting some operator bias. The results obtained from the image-based phase analysis were used to analyze changes in air void content and consolidation of fresh masonry mortars exposed to clay brick and concrete units.     

重量法测定电镀锌板和热镀锌板镀锌质量的比较

根据GB/T1839-2008采用的重量法分别测定了电镀锌板单面镀锌质量和热镀锌板单面镀锌质量;利用辉光放电发射光谱法测定电镀锌板和热镀锌板的镀锌质量,并表征了溶解前后电镀锌板和热镀锌板的镀层结构。结果发现:热镀锌板和电镀锌板镀层结构略有不同,但重量法能有效溶解镀锌板的镀层,使纯镀锌层、锌铁交界层及渗入钢基中的锌全都溶解下来。此外,试验还发现重量法和辉光放电发射光谱法测定电镀锌板和热镀锌板镀锌质量的分析结果有较好的一致性,这也进一步证明重量法是测定不同类型镀锌板的镀锌质量的较准确方法。另外,根据辉光放电发射光谱法测定不同镀锌板镀层结构的分析结果及电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定镀层中铁和铝含量的分析结果,讨论了重量法测定电镀锌板及热镀锌板镀锌质量误差的来源和大小。发现引起重量法测定不同镀锌板的误差主要由镀层中除锌元素以外的铁和铝元素的溶解引起的。而重量法测定电镀锌板镀锌质量的误差要远远小于重量法测定热镀锌板镀锌质量误差,这说明重量法更适合电镀锌板镀锌质量的测定。