胆管错构瘤的CT及MRI表现

目的:分析胆管错构瘤的CT及MRI特点,以提高对该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析我院经病理证实的肝内胆管错构瘤13例患者的CT或MRI资料,观察病变在CT及MRI图像上的分布、大小、形态及强化特点。结果:CT平扫主要表现为肝内低密度的囊状病变灶,病灶直径小于10mm,CT增强扫描无强化;MRI主要表现为T1WI上病变信号低于肝实质,T2WI病灶显示清楚,呈明显的高信号,增强扫描病灶未见强化,部分病灶出现边缘强化;MRCP显示肝内多发囊性病变与肝内胆管不相通。结论:胆管错构瘤的CT及MRI表现有一定的特征性,有助于对该病的诊断。     

成人多发胆管性错构瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的:探讨成人多发胆管性错构瘤的CT、MRI表现,以提高对本病的认识。方法:回顾性分析经穿刺活检病理证实的3例成人多发性胆管性错构瘤患者的CT、MRI表现,并结合文献,对此病的病理、临床及影像特点进行讨论。结果:CT平扫显示病灶呈多发低密度,增强扫描无强化。MRI平扫显示病灶呈长T1长T 2信号,增强扫描无强化。MRCP显示肝内多发类囊状高信号病灶,与胆管不相通。结论:应用多层螺旋CT及高场磁共振可清楚显示本病特点,能够明确诊断。     

肝脏多发胆管错构瘤的MRI表现(附4例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨肝脏多发胆管错构瘤的磁共振成像(MRI)特点,以提高对该病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经本院证实的4例肝脏多发胆管错构瘤患者的MRI资料,观察病变的分布、大小、形态及信号特点。结果肝脏多发胆管错构瘤MRI为肝脏弥漫或局限分布的囊性病灶,边界清楚,形态各异,大小不一,直径通常小于15mm;平扫T_1WI呈低信号,信号低于肝实质,T_2WI病灶显示为明显的高信号,同、反相位比较,信号未见明显变化,弥散加权成像病灶弥散不受限,增强扫描病灶未见强化,部分病灶可出现边缘强化;磁共振胰胆管水成像(MRCP)表现为肝脏多发囊性结节,如"满天星"表现,所有病变与肝内胆管不相通。结论肝脏多发胆管错构瘤的MRI表现有一定的特征性,对本病的诊断有重要价值,但最终确诊有赖于采用活体组织进行病理学检查。     

成人单发肝脏胆管性错构瘤的影像学表现(附3例报告)

目的 探讨成人单发肝脏胆管性错构瘤的影像学表现,以提高对本病的认识.方法 回顾性分析3例经手术、病理证实的单发肝脏胆管性错构瘤的影像学表现.男1例,女2例,年龄分别为28、43、76岁.3例均行B超和CT检查,1例还做MRI检查.结果 病灶长径为2～4 cm.本组肝脏胆管错构瘤的B超表现为:稍低或稍强回声,内部回声不均匀;CT表现为:平扫呈较均匀或不均匀的较低密度,增强扫描呈较均匀或不均匀轻中度强化,有延迟强化;1例MRI表现为:T1WI呈较低信号,T2WI呈较高信号,增强扫描呈环状强化.结论 成人单发肝脏胆管性错构瘤在影像学上无特征性表现,可类似于肝转移瘤、肝脓肿、肝海绵状血管瘤等常见的肝占位病变.     

脾脏错构瘤的影像学表现分析

目的探讨脾脏错构瘤的影像学特点,提高对本病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析10例经病理证实的错构瘤的影像学表现。结果本组脾脏错构瘤9例为单发病灶,1例为多发。.肿瘤体积较大,最大直径为4.5cm导致脾脏局部形态失常。CT扫描脾脏错构瘤为等或稍低密度。磁共振扫描肿块在T1WI及T2WI序列为等或稍低。DWI序列以低信号为主。增强扫描,肿瘤多呈明显、持续性强化,延时后与脾脏实质密度或信号相仿。结论脾脏错构瘤的CT及磁共振扫描具有一定的典型性表现,尤其是磁共振T1WI、T2WI及DWI序列并结合增强扫描,可以与其他脾脏病变区别。     

多层动态增强MRI技术对肝血管瘤诊断的评价

目的:研究射频毁坏傅立叶采集稳态技术(RFFAST)的动态增强及延迟增强扫描MRI对肝血管瘤的诊断价值。方法:34例肝血管瘤患者行常规MRT1WI和T2WI横断面扫描。经肘静脉团注GdDTPA0.1mmol/kg,后推入10ml生理盐水冲洗(推入时间5～6s),再行射频毁坏傅立叶采集稳态技术T1WI动态增强扫描及延迟增强扫描,分析病灶及邻近肝实质增强。结果:共发现肝血管瘤病灶67个,T1WI上呈低信号,T2WI上呈高信号;动态增强显示46个病灶呈边缘不连续的结节样强化,21个病灶呈周边不规则强化或迅速强化充填;5个病灶动态增强早期见引流静脉较早强化,14个瘤周肝实质强化。结论:磁共振成像检查中,射频毁坏傅立叶采集稳态技术T1WI动态增强扫描能够显示肝血管瘤及邻近实质强化方式,与其他成像序列结合更有利于肝血管瘤的诊断。     

磁共振3D-VIBE序列联合MRCP在肝门部胆管癌T1期中的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振三维容积式内插法屏气检查序列(3D-VIBE)联合磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)在肝门部胆管癌T1期中的诊断价值. 资料与方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的T1期肝门胆管癌16例,术前均经MR 3D-VIBE三期增强扫描和MRCP检查,复习MR肝门部胆管癌T1期3D-VIBE三期增强扫描和MRCP的影像学表现并与手术病理作对照. 结果 16例T1期肝门部胆管癌中,单纯发生于肝管汇合部7例;同时侵及左肝管4例,侵及右肝管2例;肝管汇合部未见病灶,仅发生于左肝管2例,右肝管1例.肿瘤呈结节状3例,结节合并浸润状2例,单纯浸润状11例;局部淋巴结增大5例,胆囊萎缩2例.MRI T1WI平扫呈等信号4例,稍低信号12例,T2WI呈等信号2例,稍高信号14例;MRCP表现为肝门部胆管截断3例,其上肝内外胆管呈"软藤样"扩张;肝门部胆管狭窄、变细4例,狭窄呈"鼠尾状"或"矛尖状",肝左右叶扩张的胆管在肝门部不能汇合;肝外二级胆管狭窄9例,狭窄段以上胆管不同程度扩张.3D-VIBE三期增强扫描动脉早期肿瘤轻度强化,动脉晚期和门静脉期中到明显强化. 结论 MR 3D-VIBE联合MRCP检查能够提高T1期肝门部胆管癌的检出率.有助于指导临床术前制定合理的手术方案.     

MRI及MRCP在胆管癌中的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI及MRCP在肝门部胆管癌的诊断价值.方法 收集2010年6月～2012年8月33例来医院就诊并经病理诊断证实了的胆管癌患者,其中男15例,女18例,年龄45-85岁,平均年龄62.3岁,所有患者均行常规MRI扫描、MRCP扫描、全部33例均行强化扫描.扫描采用GE SIGNA HDe 1.5T超导全身磁共振扫描仪.结果 浸润型13例,肿块型17例,乳头状型3例,MRI及MRCP均清楚显示,MRI表现为T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2 WI呈等或稍高信号,增强MR扫描病灶呈延迟强化;MRCP显示扩张胆管的形态及走形的中断或狭窄.结论 MRI及MRCP均能明显的检测出肝门区胆管癌,并且在显示肿瘤的边界、胆管扩张的程度及对门静脉的侵犯有重要的临床价值,较其它影像学检查有一定的优势.它不仅提高肝门区胆管癌的诊断率,而且又为临床治疗提供证据.     

动态及延时增强磁共振成像对肝血管瘤诊断的评价

目的:研究动态增强及延迟增强扫描磁共振成像对肝血管瘤的诊断价值。材料和方法:34例肝血管瘤病人行常规MRT1WI、T2WI横断面扫描。经肘静脉手推团注0.1mmol/kg体重Gd-DTPA后,再推入10ml生理盐水冲洗后(推入时间5~6s)行射频毁坏傅立叶采集稳态技术T1WI动态增强扫描及延迟增强扫描,分析病灶及邻近肝实质增强。结果:共发现肝血管瘤病灶67个。动态增强见46个病灶呈边缘不连续样的结节样强化,21个病灶呈周边不规则强化或迅速强化充填;5个病灶动态增强早期见引流静脉强化,14个瘤周肝实质强化。延迟增强扫描见53个病灶完全充填强化,14个病灶显示斑片状或裂隙状的低信号未充填区。结论:在磁共振成像检查中,动态增强扫描能够显示肝血管瘤及邻近实质强化方式,延迟增强显示病灶的充填程度,两者结合更有利于肝血管瘤的诊断。     

婴儿型肝脏血管内皮瘤的影像诊断

目的 总结婴儿型肝脏血管内皮细胞瘤的临床与影像学表现. 资料与方法 回顾性分析6例婴儿型肝脏血管内皮细胞瘤的临床与影像学表现,所有的病例均经穿刺病理证实.5例行CT扫描,1例行MRI平扫. 结果 CT平扫表现为肝内低密度灶,1例出现钙化,增强扫描动脉期肿瘤均呈不均匀环形强化,4例中央部位出现结节样强化;门静脉期全部病例由周边向中心强化,强化范围扩大;延迟期病灶密度稍高于或等于正常肝实质.1例MR表现为肝内多发结节,T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,增强扫描动脉期部分结节呈环形强化,部分结节呈全瘤均匀强化,延迟期全部结节呈全瘤强化. 结论 本病的CT与MRI表现有一定的特征性,有助于诊断本病.     

静脉注射联合口服钆喷酸葡胺磁共振胆胰管成像在低场强MR的应用

目的分析口服稀释静脉用钆喷酸葡胺溶液作为低场强磁共振胃肠道阴性对比剂及联合静脉注射钆喷酸葡胺磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)在低场MR中用于显示胆胰管及疾病的能力。方法 30例临床可疑有胆胰管病变的患者,均有不同程度胆系梗阻、腹痛、不同程度皮肤或巩膜黄染等,部分有腹部肿块,均行MR平扫、Gd-DTPA(钆喷酸葡胺)强化检查,部分同时行超声及CT检查。结果 30例受检者均能清楚显示胆胰管树,并能清晰显示病变位置,其中18例发现肝内胆管占位,10例发现肝内胆管、肝外胆管及(或)胆囊结石,2例胰头占位。结论口服钆喷酸葡胺溶液可抑制胃及十二指肠内潴留液的高信号以及胆胰管树背景的小血管信号,改善MRCP图像的质量,结合肝胆MR平扫、强化应用具有较高的肝内、外胆管显示率及肝内、外胆管病变的显示能力,能为胆胰管病变的诊断及鉴别诊断提供更多帮助。     

黑血SPACE序列与MRCP、T2-HASTE在婴幼儿胆道成像中的对比应用

目的探讨磁共振黑血SPACE序列与MRCP、T2-HASTE在婴幼儿胆道成像中的对比应用价值。方法运用Siemens 3.0 T超导磁共振扫描仪对30例对照组患儿和12例罹患胆道疾病的婴幼儿进行全腹部常规MRI序列(包括T2-HASTE)以及黑血SPACE序列、MRCP检查,比较黑血SPACE序列与MRCP、T2-HASTE图像对正常胆道结构及病灶的显示能力。结果(1)对照组图像分析:黑血SPACE和MRCP对胆囊管、左右肝管及肝内二级胆管的显示能力较T2-HASTE好,且黑血SPACE序列显示门静脉的能力优于MRCP和T2-HASTE,但黑血SPACE与MRCP在显示胆道结构的能力方面差异无统计学意义。(2)病例组图像分析:黑血SPACE序列在清晰显示胆总管扩张的同时较MRCP拥有更好的组织对比度;黑血SPACE序列较MRCP、T2-HASTE更清晰的显示胆道闭锁患儿肝门区及门静脉周围的异常信号影(纤维斑块),并了解毗邻门静脉的走行及轮廓;黑血SPACE序列在显示微小胆管结石时优于T2-HASTE。结论黑血SPACE序列基本具备MRCP和T2-HASTE序列两者的优势,在观察婴幼儿胆道结构形态、轮廓及边缘的同时了解毗邻肝组织、血管(门静脉)的情况,且成像时间相对较短,但其运用于部分婴幼儿胆道成像时存在较多的运动伪影及肠气干扰,目前将其作为婴幼儿胆道成像的一种补充检查手段,针对不同疾病利用其不同优势,为胆道疾病的影像诊断提供更多助益。     

Cystic focal liver lesions in the adult: differential CT and MR imaging features.

Cystic lesions of the liver in the adult can be classified as developmental, neoplastic, inflammatory, or miscellaneous. Although in some cases it is difficult to distinguish these entities with imaging criteria alone, certain cystic focal liver lesions have classic computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features, which are important for the radiologist to understand and recognize. Lesions with such features include simple (bile duct) cyst, autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease, biliary hamartoma, Caroli disease, undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma, biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, cystic subtypes of primary liver neoplasms, cystic metastases, pyogenic and amebic abscesses, intrahepatic hydatid cyst, extrapancreatic pseudocyst, and intrahepatic hematoma and biloma. Specific CT and MR imaging findings that are important to recognize are the size of the lesion; the presence and thickness of a wall; the presence of septa, calcifications, or internal nodules; the enhancement pattern; the MR cholangiographic appearance; and the signal intensity spectrum. In addition, access to critical clinical information remains extremely important. The most important clinical parameters defined include age and gender, clinical history, and symptoms. An understanding of the classic CT and MR imaging appearances of cystic focal liver lesions will allow more definitive diagnosis and shorten the diagnostic work-up.     

3.0T磁共振钆塞酸二钠磁共振胆管造影术在胆管疾病中应用

目的探讨3.0T磁共振钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)磁共振胆管造影术(MRC)在胆管疾病中的诊断价值。方法选取2016年7—12月解放军309医院收治的20例患胆道梗阻或其他病变需行Gd-EOB-DTPA MRC检查的患者,采用3.0T超导磁共振扫描仪,对所有20例患者行常规上腹部平扫+磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)+Gd-EOB-DTPA动态增强扫描,以及肝胆特异期、T1容积内插体部检查(VIBE)冠状位+轴位扫描,并将冠状位图像进行最大密度投影(MIP)重建,获得胆管树图像。对各序列的影像学特征做出诊断,并与穿刺、手术病理、内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术及相关临床资料进行对照。结果本组20例患者中,胆管解剖变异者7例。其中,胆囊管经胆总管前方汇入胆总管左侧壁1例,经胆总管后方汇入胆总管左侧壁3例,胆囊管开口于肝外胆管下1/3处2例,胆囊管汇入右肝管1例。胆管梗阻11例,其中,完全性梗阻8例(肝门部胆管恶性占位5例、胆总管恶性占位1例、胆总管下端结石1例,胆总管周围淋巴结转移1例);部分梗阻3例(胰头占位1例,胆总管结石1例,胃窦癌侵及胆总管1例)。胆漏2例。硬化性胆管炎1例。其中,1例患者同时有胆漏及胆囊管汇入右肝管变异。结论 Gd-EOB-DTPA MRC检查能够直接显示肝内外胆管系统解剖结构以及胆管通畅情况,能为胆管疾病的诊断提供更多的信息,可以进一步应用于胆管疾病的检查。     

在高海拔地区1.5T磁共振诊断肝泡状棘球蚴病的应用价值

目的：探讨高场磁共振MRCP、DWI和LAVA技术在肝泡状棘球蚴病（HAE）中的应用价值。方法：分析10例经手术病理或穿刺活检证实HAE患者的MRI常规平扫、DWI、MRCP及LAVA四期扫描资料,分析HAE在DWI、MRCP及LAVA中的表现并与病理对照。结果：10例共检出17个HAE病灶,其中肝右叶9个（9/17）,肝左叶5个（5/17）,跨叶生长有3个（3/17）。HAE的MRI表现为：巨块型5例（5/10）、坏死液化型3例（3/10）、混合型2例（2/10）。病灶正反相位和T2WI均为低信号,形态不规则,坏死液化型中心坏死液化区在正反相位为低信号,T2WI为高信号;LAVA增强扫描11个（11/17）病灶无强化,6个（6/17）病灶边缘有轻度强化,12个（12/17）病灶内部或边缘出现小囊泡征,病灶侵犯肝门3例（3/10）,肝静脉受侵3例（3/10）,门脉受侵4例（4/10）,肝外转移3例（3/10）;DWI示7例为略低信号（7/10）,ADC图为略高信号,ADC值=（1.82±0.13）×10-3mm2/s,3例（3/10）坏死液化型病变其边缘实性部分同前表现,而中心坏死液化区在DWI示为高信号,其在ADC图上呈高信号,ADC值=（2.20±0.12）×10-3mm2/s;MRCP显示肝内胆管扩张6例（6/10）,3例（3/10）可见不规则的残腔,12个病灶（12/17）显示小囊泡更为清晰。结论：联合运用LAVA、DWI和MRCP技术对肝泡状棘球蚴病（HAE）的定性诊断和合理治疗具有重要的临床应用价值。     

CT and MR cholangiography: advantages and pitfalls in perioperative evaluation of biliary tree

Recent developments in imaging technology have enabled CT and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to provide minimally invasive alternatives to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the pre- and post-operative assessment of biliary disease. This article describes anatomical variants of the biliary tree with surgical significance, followed by comparison of CT and MR cholangiographies. Drip infusion cholangiography with CT (DIC-CT) enables high-resolution three-dimensional anatomical representation of very small bile ducts (e.g. aberrant branches, the caudate branch and the cystic duct), which are potential causes of surgical complications. The disadvantages of DIC-CT include the possibility of adverse reactions to biliary contrast media and insufficient depiction of bile ducts caused by liver dysfunction or obstructive jaundice. Conventional MRCP is a standard, non-invasive method for evaluating the biliary tree. MRCP provides useful information, especially regarding the extrahepatic bile ducts and dilated intrahepatic bile ducts. Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced MRCP may facilitate the evaluation of biliary structure and excretory function. Understanding the characteristics of each type of cholangiography is important to ensure sufficient perioperative evaluation of the biliary system.     

MRI及MRCP诊断胆系泥沙样结石的对照研究

目的 对比探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)及轴位T2WI诊断胆系结石的价值. 资料与方法 对52例患者(33例胆囊结石和19例胆总管结石)行MRCP及轴位T2WI. 结果 胆系泥沙样结石在T2WI均特征性地显示为胆囊或胆总管内分层状改变,上层为均匀高信号胆汁,下层为低信号泥沙样结石.但在MRCP的最大信号强度投影(MIP)图像上仅仅显示为局部信号模糊、减低或信号不均匀;在MRCP原始图像上仅在某一幅图像上显示为胆总管信号减低或信号不均匀. 结论 T2WI较直观地显示胆系泥沙样结石的分层状改变,而MRCP均不能准确显示.     

Assessment of MRI and MRCP in diagnosis of biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) features were analyzed in the diagnosis of seven surgically resected hepatobiliary cystic tumors with reference to histopathological data. Homogeneity, size, location, signal intensity, presence or absence of septa and/or nodules and MRCP features of the lesions were studied. Histological evidence demonstrated six biliary cystadenoma (BCA) including four pseudo-ovarian stroma (POS) and one biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC). Cystic lesions (3–15 cm in diameter) were homogeneous in the six BCA, heterogeneous in the one BCAC, and were located in the left and right liver, respectively. On T2-weighted images all lesions were hyperintense. On T1-weighted images hypointensity was found in three BCA (all serous fluid, including one POS), isointensity was found in the three others (two mucinous and one hemorrhagic fluid, including three POS) and in the one BCAC (containing mucinous fluid). Septas were present in all cases and nodules only in the one BCAC. On MRCP a hyperintense cystic lesion was found in all cases and a bile ducts dilatation in two BCA and the one BCAC. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI in combination with MRCP is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of BCA or BCAC. However, no specific information is gained for POS detection.     

胆管癌的MRI及MRCP诊断与鉴别

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)及磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对胆管癌的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法对49例有完整临床资料的胆管癌病例行常规MRI平扫、三期动态增强扫描及磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)。结果MRI及MRCP对胆管癌的定位诊断率100%,定性诊断率89.8%。49例胆管癌均获得了具有诊断价值的MRCP图像。结论MRl及MRCP对胆管癌定位诊断准确,定性诊断具有较高的特异性,是一种安全快捷,非创伤性的检查方法,能为胆管癌的诊治提供可靠的依据。