露采金属矿山采坑境界面生态修复技术研究

[目的]研究适宜露采金属矿山采坑境界面的生态修复技术,为同类废弃地的生态修复提供借鉴.[方法]以江西某露采铜矿为例,通过实地调研对其采坑境界面生态环境破坏问题及成因进行识别与分析,并结合工程实例对采坑境界面生态修复工程技术模式进行了研究.[结果]采坑废弃地的生态环境问题主要包括原生态系统和地貌景观损毁、裸露创面自然修复...     

金属矿山地下开采引起地面塌陷的规律

金属矿山地下开采引起地表塌陷已经成为一种主要的矿山地质环境问题.地面塌陷受多方面因素影响,各因素相互作用使得金属矿山地表塌陷形成机理复杂.本文以大冶铁矿东露天采场地面塌陷为例,从采场地质环境、矿体特征、采矿方法、崩落角,地面塌陷的形式等方面,综述了地面塌陷的特征,并探讨了地面塌陷的形成规律,该研究为矿山地面塌陷的成因及控制对策研究提供了帮助.     

金属矿山地下开采引起地面塌陷的规律

金属矿山地下开采引起地表塌陷已经成为一种主要的矿山地质环境问题．地面塌陷受多方面因素影响,各因素相互作用使得金属矿山地表塌陷形成机理复杂．本文以大冶铁矿东露天采场地面塌陷为例,从采场地质环境、矿体特征、采矿方法、崩落角、地面塌陷的形式等方面,综述了地面塌陷的特征,并探讨了地面塌陷的形成规律,该研究为矿山地面塌陷的成因及控制对策研究提供了帮助．     

金属矿山安全评价模拟系统开发研究

通过收集典型金属矿山生产现场资料,对其进行系统建模,并利用Auto CAD Active X/VBA二次开发软件建立了金属矿山安全评价模拟系统。该模拟系统是将典型的露天、地下矿山的生产现场资料(含图像、影像、文字资料等)、生产工艺、平面及三维矿山模型、企业安全管理系统等融为一体的集成系统,是对实际生产矿山的模拟。该系统在昆明冶金高等专科学校安全评价实务课程教学中使用,解决了传统教学中存在的问题。主要阐述了模拟系统开发的思路、开发过程以及系统应用评价。     

中深孔房柱法工业试验与工艺特征

房柱法是缓倾斜中厚以下矿体主要开采方法之一，在我国金属矿山普遍采用，且多为浅孔落孔。为克服常规浅孔房柱法采切比大，采准时间长，矿石损失率高的不足，设计改变其浅孔落矿方式为预切顶中深孔落矿，通过３个采场的试验，较好地解决了上述问题，并对新的采矿方法进行了分析评价。     

金属矿山岩体移动监测数据库系统设计与实现

介绍了在微机上建立金属矿山岩移监测数据库系统,本系统利用ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥＴＲＵＥ ＢＡＳＩＣ混合编程,具有对监测数据进行数据管理,数据处理以及绘图等功能,并在某矿山的岩移监测研究中得到应用,效果良好。     

深井硬岩大规模开采矿山采选作业成本初论

本文针对深井硬岩金属矿山的高岩温、高地压、高含硫、低品位的特点,分析了传统成本计算方法的不足,提出了梳理作业流程、改进成本计算方法、加快实施BPR,运用全面质量管理等管理思想,探索持续降低矿山采选作业成本的途径。     

黄金矿山盈亏平衡分析的探讨

通过介绍盈亏平衡分析的概念及其重要性，以及采用图解法说明盈亏平衡点的意义，同时运用数学方法推导出该平衡点的产量公式；并在此基础上结合黄金矿山特点，推导出黄金矿山企业保本的规模、品位及回收率的公式，以及给出了评价黄金矿山企业经营安全状况的两个常用指标。     

命题逻辑中公式的成真程度问题研究

为了研究命题逻辑中命题公式的成真程度问题,对非重言式也非矛盾式的命题公式提出了公式真度的概念,并对赋值真假相同可能性和不同可能性的真度进行了分析,得到一些有规律的结果.     

基于C—D生产函数的集约度与粗放度的测度公式及其应用

以Ｃ－Ｄ生产函数为基础,推导出集约度与粗放度的测度公式,并对该公式进行了应用。研究表明,Ｃ－Ｄ生产函数可以作为集约化程度定量测度的分析模型。     

Simulation Study and Probe on UWB Wireless Communication in Underground Coal Mine

1 Introduction Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communication is the technology that transmits signals by using nanosecond pulses. Its characteristics include 1) a high data rate; 2) low power dissipation; 3) a strong anti-multipath fading ability; 4) a simple structured, small bulk, low cost and high sensitive, portable and wireless system and 5) low interference with the existing narrowband communication system. It has been the subject of general interest about short distance wireless communication a…     

A review of laser scanning for geological and geotechnical applications in underground mining

Laser scanning can provide timely assessments of mine sites despite adverse challenges in the operational environment. Although there are several published articles on laser scanning, there is a need to review them in the context of underground mining applications. To this end, a holistic review of laser scanning is presented including progress in 3D scanning systems, data capture/processing techniques and primary applications in underground mines. Laser scanning technology has advanced significantly in terms of mobility and mapping, but there are constraints in coherent and consistent data collection at certain mines due to feature deficiency, dynamics, and environmental influences such as dust and water. Studies suggest that laser scanning has matured over the years for change detection, clearance measurements and structure mapping applications. However, there is scope for improvements in lithology identification, surface parameter measurements, logistic tracking and autonomous navigation. Laser scanning has the potential to provide real-time solutions but the lack of infrastructure in underground mines for data transfer, geodetic networking and processing capacity remain limiting factors. Nevertheless, laser scanners are becoming an integral part of mine automation thanks to their affordability, accuracy and mobility, which should support their widespread usage in years to come.     

Techno-economic review on storage of petroleum products in abandoned underground salt mines: A case study on underground salt mines of Sardareh region,Garmsar, Iran

During the past few decades, along with creation of new needs, large spaces of underground mines (especially abandoned mines) have found new applications, e.g., storage of petroleum products. Utilization of empty spaces of these mines as hydrocarbons storage facilities decreases the costs of construction of underground spaces, which can be very expensive and costly. On the other hand, crude oil and other hydrocarbons nowadays are one of the most important factors affecting political and a major part of the domestic economy is achieved through them. Thus, in this paper, a feasibility study has been performed on the application of underground salt mines near the city of Garmsar on the southern edge of Alborz mountains and on the north of the central desert of Iran. Through studies of documentaries, field observations and considering technical, geometrical and defensive criterion, the most suitable abandoned underground mine for reutilization as a storage facility is selected and presented.     

Deep mine cooling,a case for Northern Ontario:Part Ⅰ

Cooling energy needs,for mines in Northern Ontario,are mainly driven by the mining depth and its operation.Part I of this research focusses on the thermal energy loads in deep mines as a result of the virgin rock temperature,mining operations and climatic conditions.A breakdown of the various heat sources is outlined,for an underground mine producing 3500 tonnes per day of broken rock,taking into consideration the latent and sensible portions of that heat to properly assess the wet bulb global temperature.The resulting thermal loads indicate that cooling efforts would be needed both at surface and underground to maintain the temperature underground within the legal threshold.In winter the air might also have to be heated at surface and cooled underground,to ensure that icing does not occur in the inlet ventilation shaft-the main reason why cooling cannot be focussed solely at surface.     

Evaluation of the effect of geometrical parameters on stope probability of failure in the open stoping method using numerical modeling

Stress-induced failure is among the most common causes of instability in Canadian deep underground mines. Open stoping is the most widely practiced underground excavation method in these mines, and creates large stopes which are subjected to stress-induced failure. The probability of failure(POF)depends on many factors, of which the geometry of an open stope is especially important. In this study,a methodology is proposed to assess the effect of stope geometrical parameters on the POF, using numerical modelling. Different ranges for each input parameter are defined according to previous surveys on open stope geometry in a number of Canadian underground mines. A Monte-Carlo simulation technique is combined with the finite difference code FLAC3D, to generate model realizations containing stopes with different geometrical features. The probability of failure(POF) for different categories of stope geometry, is calculated by considering two modes of failure; relaxation-related gravity driven(tensile)failure and rock mass brittle failure. The individual and interactive effects of stope geometrical parameters on the POF, are analyzed using a general multi-level factorial design. Finally, mathematical optimization techniques are employed to estimate the most stable stope conditions, by determining the optimal ranges for each stope's geometrical parameter.     

地下矿山采场顶板安全等级划分方法的探讨

矿山采场顶板冒落是地下矿山开采中常见的灾害。本文通过对影响采场顶板稳定性的因素分析，总结出其影响因素评价指标，应用简单的划分方法以及灰色关联度分析方法和人工神经网络方法，对地下矿山的采场顶板进行了安全等级的划分。     

解析法预测隧道可能最大涌水量的对比研究

隧道涌水量预测对隧道的设计和施工至关重要,为此,国内外学者进行了研究并提出了多个计算公式.这些公式都是以地下水动力学理论为基础,具有相同的基本假定.对这些公式进行对比分析,发现可以用同一个表达式表示.当隧道半径远远小于其上水的厚度时,这些公式所计算的结果相近.通过和经验公式对比,二者的计算结果具有很好的线性关系.     

大采深条件下导水裂隙带高度计算研究

在分析导水裂隙带高度计算经验公式来源背景的基础上,阐明了只考虑采厚单因素计算导水裂隙带高度的经验公式不合理性及其应用的局限性,针对大采深条件下工作面覆岩运动的特点,基于采场顶板"上四带"划分理论,推导出了考虑开采厚度、开采深度、工作面跨度、岩石的力学性质、岩层的组合特征、含水层水压等因素的导水裂隙带理论计算公式.结果表明:大采深条件下,工作面跨度对裂隙带高度发育有控制作用,含水层水压对导水裂隙带高度发育有促进作用,结合鲍店煤矿1303工作面开采实例,说明获得的理论公式可应用性.     

DCB1型矿用本质安全型光电测距仪的研制

以GaAs半导体发光二极管做光源的光电测距仪是地面上测量距离的现代化仪器,但它不能直接应用于湿度高、且含有甲烷等混合气体的矿井内。自行研制出的DCB1矿用本质安全型光电测距仪,安全火花试验合格,它具有体积小、重量轻、稳定性好、功能多、操作方便等优点。研制的单向光载波话音通讯附加装置,属国内独创,能较好地解决矿井巷道或坑道内测距作业时无线电对讲机无法通讯指挥的难题,有利于加快测量速度,减轻通讯指挥的劳动强度,它的推广应用,有利于促进矿井测量工作的现代化。     

Review of coal and gas outburst in Australian underground coal mines

Outburst of coal and gas represents a significant risk to the health and safety of mine personnel working in development and longwall production face areas. There have been over 878 outburst events recorded in twenty-two Australian underground coal mines. Most outburst incidents have been associated with abnormal geological conditions.Details of Australian outburst incidents and mining experience in conditions where gas content was above current threshold levels are presented and discussed. Mining experience suggests that for gas content below 9.0 m³/t, mining in carbon dioxide (CO₂) rich seam gas conditions does not pose a greater risk of outburst than mining in CH₄ rich seam gas conditions. Mining experience also suggests that where no abnormal geological structures are present that mining in areas with gas content greater than the current accepted threshold levels can be undertaken with no discernible increase in outburst risk. The current approach to determining gas content threshold limits in Australian mines has been effective in preventing injury from outburst, however operational experience suggests the current method is overly conservative and in some cases the threshold limits are low to the point that they provide no significant reduction in outburst risk. Other factors that affect outburst risk, such as gas pressure, coal toughness and stress and geological structures are presently not incorporated into outburst threshold limits adopted in Australian mines. These factors and the development of an outburst risk index applicable to Australian underground coal mining conditions are the subject of ongoing research.