修饰固定化青霉素酰化酶在非水相中的催化

为提高酶的催化水解活力和稳定性,将青霉素酰化酶组装于介孔泡沫二氧化硅(MCFs)中,并应用于水/有机混合体系催化水解。分别考察了有机介质种类和体积分数、葡聚糖(Dex10k)修饰对固定化酶活力的影响,研究了不同条件下固定化酶的稳定性。实验结果显示:体积分数20%石油醚中,添加Dex10k的介孔泡沫硅固定化酶比活力达209.5U/mg,是缓冲液中MCFs固定化酶活力的196.2%。20%石油醚中,经25次连续操作,固定化酶保持初始活力的71.5%。结果表明:石油醚等烷烃形成的水/有机体系是适合青霉素酰化酶催化的二相体系,且添加Dex10k能提高固定化酶在二相体系中的催化活力及稳定性。     

以壳聚糖为载体固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

介绍了以壳聚糖为载体固定化青霉素酰化酶需首先制备壳聚糖颗粒 ,使用戊二醛、甲醛、乙二醛 3种活化剂处理所得的壳聚糖颗粒 ,确定了以戊二醛为活化剂交联其上的氨基共价结合青霉素酰化酶的固定化方法。从戊二醛的浓度、pH值、固定化时间、固定化pH值、酶用量等条件摸索了最佳固定化条件 ,获得了酶活力为4 0 0 0 0U/ (g·h)、回收率为 5 0 %左右的固定化青霉素酰化酶。     

粪产碱杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的分子改造及其催化氨苄西林半合成的探析

本文针对青霉素G酰化酶的分子改造要点进行分析,并通过化学实验的方式阐述青霉素G酰化酶对氨苄西林的催化作用。根据实验结果可知,固定化Af PGA的最佳PH值为9.0,最适宜的温度为47℃,在存放16h后酶活保留可超过90%;固化酶温度低于40℃时,保温4h活力保留超过96%。当固化时间在36—48h之间时,酶活力为最高状态;当离子强度越高时,越有助于酶-载体固定化反应发生;将投酶量控制在500—550IU/g wet carrier较为合理,此时回收率约为48%。     

Ag/P(St-MMA)纳米复合高分子微球固定化青霉素酰化酶的研究

通过溶剂热法和无皂乳液聚合相结合,制备了P(St-MMA)高分子纳米微球.并以吸附沉积的方式在其表面沉积了Ag金属纳米粒子,最后将青霉素酰化酶共价连接在微球表面.初步研究了微球直径、银的质量分数等因素对固定化酶活力的影响.结果显示随着微球直径减小,固定化酶的偶联率和活力逐渐增加;银纳米粒子最多将固定化酶的偶联率和活力分别提高了42%和72%,固定化酶的最大表观活力(以干重记)达到了1 869 u/g,明显高于其它高分子载体固定化青霉素酰化酶的活力;实验证明银纳米粒子在青霉素水解过程中没有催化活力,但能大大提高青霉素酰化酶的催化活力.     

青霉素酰化酶在新型复合载体上的固定化研究

在反应温度为45℃、反应时间为6 h、丙烯酰胺(AM)质量浓度为40 g/L、引发剂用量为单体质量1%的条件下制得PAM-SiO2复合载体,利用红外光谱表征了其化学结构,热失重法测定其接枝量为21%。在所制PAM-SiO2复合载体上固载青霉素酰化酶,其固载最适条件为:戊二醛用量0.1 mmol/L,pH值7.64,给酶量1%,温度42℃,时间11 h~12 h。此条件下所得固定化酶的活力为34000 U/mL;测得所制固定化酶的最适pH值为7.82,最适温度为45℃。     

磁性微粒对青霉素G酰化酶的固定化研究

将无机磁性粒子Fe3O4与有机材料海藻酸钠结合起来制成一种复合的磁性微粒,并将其进行表面修饰,通过化学共价法来固定青霉素G酰化酶。通过扫描电镜等对微粒进行形态学观察,并用傅立叶红外图谱表征微粒表面修饰基团。酶学性质研究表明,该微粒固定化的青霉素G酰化酶的最适pH值为7.5,最适温度为40℃。固定化酶与底物的亲和力有所降低,但是稳定性显著提高。重复催化研究结果表明,固定化酶具有比游离酶更广泛的温度及pH值适用范围,并且具有良好的热稳定性、可循环使用性和贮存稳定性。     

重组头孢菌素C酰化酶的固定化研究

将含头孢菌素C(CPC)酰化酶的重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28-CPCAcy在50L发酵罐中发酵,发酵液OD600可达19.5,酶活达到11 542U·L~(-1);CPC酰化酶粗酶液经1%活性炭纯化后,比酶活由6.56U·mg~(-1)提高到10.77U·mg~(-1);然后将纯化的CPC酰化酶共价结合固定在氨基载体LX-1000HA和环氧基载体LX-1000EPC上,并对固定化酶的热稳定性及pH值稳定性进行考察。结果表明,LX-1000HA固定化酶的初始酶活较LX-1000EPC固定化酶低,但其热稳定性、pH值稳定性以及酶与载体的结合强度均高于LX-1000EPC固定化酶;并且在固定化酶投加量相同时,LX-1000HA固定化酶的催化性能优于LX-1000EPC固定化酶。对LX-1000HA固定化酶进行催化批次实验,在催化39批次时达到半衰期。     

介孔纳米孔道中单维交联酶策略固定青霉素酰化酶

为解决酶固定化过程中稳定性较差的问题,将单维交联酶策略引入青霉素酰化酶的固定化中,通过在介孔泡沫硅载体(MCFs)表面初步吸附作用将酶固定,再用对本醌对酶分子进行交联,从而制得单维交联酶聚体。实验结果显示:单维交联酶聚体(CLEA)的稳定性有明显提高,最适温度从游离酶的45℃上升到55℃,催化温度的适用范围更宽,在50℃下热处理25 h仍保持74.4%活力,在测试操作稳定性方面,连续操作15次,其酶活保持在61.9%。     

双交联剂体系氨基酰化酶交联聚体的制备

采用酶交联聚集体技术（CLEAs）制备氨基酰化酶(EC 3.51.14)交联聚集体,优化了制备条件。90%（体积比）乙醇为沉淀剂,戊二醛和乙二醇二缩水甘油醚（EGDE）作为混合交联剂,以酶、戊二醛和EGDE的质量比为1.00∶0.75∶2.00,在30 ℃下交联12 h。制备所得氨基酰化酶CLEA酶活保留率为63.42%。氨基酰化酶经固定化后热稳定性得到增强,热失活过程由自由酶的一阶指数失活模型变为二阶指数失活模型,分子间亚基的结合力得到显著加强。自由酶在37 ℃下保存24 h后几乎损失了所有活力,而氨基酰化酶CLEA则保留了43%的酶活力,在57 ℃下保存24 h后仍有32%的酶活力保留。此外,氨基酰化酶CLEA重复使用性能得到明显提升,在重复水解底物10次后仍保留了72%的酶活力。     

海藻酸钙凝胶固定葡萄糖氧化酶的研究

利用海藻酸钙凝胶颗粒固定葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD).确定了固定化条件,并考察了温度、pH值、储存时间对固定化酶和游离酶酶活力的影响,测定了酶活回收率.确定的固定化较优条件为:CaCl2 5.0%(质量体积比),海藻酸钠3.0%(质量体积比);固定化酶的最适催化温度为31℃、最适pH值为6.3,较游离酶分别提高7℃和0.6;固定化酶的平均酶活回收率为61.69%.此外,酶的储存稳定性能也有所提高,可重复多次使用.     

Improvement of the catalytic performance of immobilized penicillin acylase through assembly of macromolecular reagents in nanopore to create a crowding environment

Macromolecular reagents were co-assembled with penicillin acylase (PA) and immobilized in mesocellular siliceous foams (MCFs) to resemble living cells. Types and concentrations of macromolecules were studied. The catalytic characteristic and stability of PA preparations were also investigated. PA assembled with dextran 10 k in MCFs showed maximum specific activity, 1.32-fold of that of the solely immobilized PA. The optimum pH of dextran and BSA derivatives shifted to neutrality, and the optimum temperature increased by 10 °C. Also, Km of BSA derivative of PA declined 56.7% compared to solely immobilized PA, while the Kcat/Km of PA assembled with BSA was enhanced to 147%. After incubation at 50 °C for 6 h, residual activity of PA assembled with BSA exhibited 53.0%. The ficoll derivative showed 82.8% of its initial activity at 4 °C after 8-week storage. The results indicated that macromolecular reagents assembled with PA in MCFs could dramatically improve the catalytic performance and stability of immobilized enzyme.     

Salen-Mn(Ⅲ)和Salen-Mo(Ⅳ)配合物在介孔硅胶上接枝及烯烃环氧化催化性能

通过肽键作用将Salen型金属配合物接枝到介孔硅胶孔道中生成固相催化剂,采用红外光谱、热重分析和元素分析等对制备的固相催化剂进行表征,结果证实,Salen型金属配合物成功接枝到介孔硅胶载体上。以环辛烯和环己烯为反应底物,叔丁基过氧化氢和过氧化氢为氧化剂,比较均相Salen型催化剂和多相Salen型催化剂的催化活性。制备的均相Salen型催化剂和利用肽键键合制备的固相催化剂均具有一定的催化性能,Mo-Salen催化活性更高,是因为叔丁基过氧化氢在Mo-Salen存在下易分解。固相催化剂活性≤75℃时稳定,在氧化剂叔丁基过氧化氢和过氧化氢作用下具有较好的稳定性能。重复实验中,金属离子流失量很小,催化活性和TOF值未降低,表明利用肽键制备的固相催化剂催化活性稳定,为固相催化剂的制备开辟新思路。     

交联聚苯乙烯微球负载N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺催化剂对甲苯和环己醇氧化的催化性能

通过分子设计,以交联聚苯乙烯(CPS)微球为基质,制备了固载化的N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI)催化剂. 先将CPS微球氯甲基化,制得氯甲基化微球CMCPS,再使微球表面的氯甲基与偏苯三酸酐(TMA)分子中的羧基酯化反应,将邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)键合到聚合物微球表面,获得键合邻苯二甲酸酐的微球CPS-PA,使之与盐酸羟胺反应,制备固载NHPI的微球CPS-NHPI,固载量达2.25 mmol/g,并对其进行表征. 将CPS-NHPI分别用于分子氧氧化甲苯和环己醇过程,考察微球的催化活性,分析其催化氧化机理. 结果表明,以三乙胺为缚酸剂,采用极性溶剂N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,在110℃下CMCPS表面的氯甲基与TMA可顺利反应. 适宜条件下CMCPS氯甲基的转化率可达73%. CPS-NHPI-Co(OAc)2催化体系对分子氧氧化甲苯和环己醇的催化活性良好,为自由基链反应机理.     

芳香酸镧配合物的制备及其共混改性PA66纤维的性能研究

分别采用溶液法与低温固相法合成了芳香酸镧配合物偏苯三甲酸镧(LaTLA)和均苯四甲酸镧(LaHbtec),并用于制备共混改性聚酰胺66(PA 66)纤维;对LaTLA和LaHbtec的结构和热稳定性进行了表征,并对2种合成方法进行比较;研究了LaTLA和LaHbtec对PA 66的热性能,以及PA 66纤维的力学性能及...     

Thermal stability and flammability of polyamide 66/montmorillonite nanocomposites

Exfoliated nanocomposites based on polyamide 66 (PA66) and montmorillonite (MMT) were prepared and their thermal stability and combustion behaviour were investigated by using thermal gravity analysis and cone calorimeter. The nanocomposites exhibit higher thermal stability and good flame retardancy. The catalytic decomposition effect of MMT and the barrier effect of layer silicates are presented directly in isothermal oxidation experiment. The initial heat release rate plots show that the addition of MMT can accelerate the ignition of PA66 matrix. A ceramic-like char forms in the surface of the nanocomposites during burning. It is characterized by attenuated total reflection infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy.     

Preparation of glucose oxidase immobilized in different carriers using radiation polymerization

Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) was immobilized on different polymeric materials using different immobilization techniques (entrapping by γ‐irradiation, and covalent binding using epichlorohydrin). Studies were carried out to increase the thermal stability of glucose oxidase (GOD) for different applications. The activity and stability of the resulting biopolymers have been compared with those of free GOD. The effect of different polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylamide (PVA/PAAm) compositions of the copolymer carrier on the enzymatic activity of the immobilized GOD was studied. The maximum enzymatic activity was obtained with the composition ratio of PVA/PAAm of 60:40. The behaviour of the free and immobilized enzyme was analysed as a function of pH. A broadening in the pH profile (5.5–8) was observed for immobilized preparations. The activity and stability of the resulting biopolymers produced by immobilization of GOD onto different carriers have been compared, in both aqueous and organic media, with those of the free GOD. The enzyme's tolerance toward both heat and organic solvent was enhanced by immobilization onto polymers. The addition of different concentrations of organic solvents (10–50%, v/v) to the enzyme at higher temperature (60 °C) was found to stabilize the enzyme molecule. The strongest stabilizing effect on the enzymatic activity was achieved at a concentration of 10%. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

SBA-15固载酸性离子液体催化酯化反应性能

为了减少离子液体用量及解决催化剂分离问题,采用键合法制备了以SBA-15为载体的固载化离子液体催化剂[C₃SO₃HCP]HSO₄/SBA-15,通过FT-IR、TG、XRD、BET和TEM分析了催化剂的结构和稳定性。并将其应用于催化丁二酸酐和乙醇的酯化反应。结果表明:[C₃SO₃HCP]HSO₄被成功固定在SBA-15上,且具有较高的热稳定性和催化活性,克服了非均相催化剂活性不高与均相催化剂难以分离的不足。在催化剂用量为反应物总质量的5%、n(C₄H₄O₃):n(C₂H₅OH)=1:3,反应温度80℃;反应时间4 h、带水剂用量为反应物总质量的30%的条件下,酯收率达93.7%,且该催化剂循环使用8次后,仍具有较高的催化活性。此外,还考察了以[C₃SO₃HCP]HSO₄/SBA-15为催化剂催化合成系列酯也获得了较高的酯收率,且易于与产物酯分离。     

Covalent immobilization of naringinase for the transformation of a flavonoid

Naringinase (EC 3.2.1.40) from Penicillium sp was immobilized by covalent binding to woodchips to improve its catalytic activity. The immobilization of naringinase on glutaraldehyde‐coated woodchips (600 mg woodchips, 10 U naringinase, 45 °C, pH 4.0 and 12h) through 1% glutaraldehyde cross‐linking was optimized. The pH–activity curve of the immobilized enzyme shifted toward a lower pH compared with that of the soluble enzyme. The immobilization caused a marked increase in thermal stability of the enzyme. The immobilized naringinase was stable during storage at 4 °C. No loss of activity was observed when the immobilized enzyme was used for seven consecutive cycles of operations. The efficiency of immobilization was 120%, while soluble naringinase afforded 82% efficacy for the hydrolysis of standard naringin under optimal conditions. Its applicability for debittering kinnow mandarin juice afforded 76% debittering efficiency. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry