2012年大连市社区居民糖尿病患病率、治疗率、控制率及相关知识知晓现况调查

目的了解社区居民糖尿病患病率、治疗率、控制率及相关知识的知晓情况,明确社区开展糖尿病健康教育的重点,为更有针对性地在社区内有效开展综合防治工作提供科学依据。方法 2012年采用问卷调查方法,对大连市内部分社区400名居民的一般情况、患病情况、相关知识知晓情况等进行调查,进行血糖检测,并进行数据的整理分析。结果调查社区居民年龄平均(55.30±11.36)岁。400名调查对象中,糖尿病患病率16.25%,其中已知自己有糖尿病的54人,知晓率83.08%。糖尿病患者治疗率为74.07%,采取的治疗措施:饮食24人,占60.00%,运动15人,占37.50%,药物38人,占95.00%,监测29人,占72.50%,4项均有12人,占30.00%。糖尿病患者血糖控制率12.96%;糖尿病患者有家族史占24.07%。糖尿病相关知识:糖尿病易患人群的知晓率为16.00%,其中患者和非患者分别是14.81%和16.18%(P>0.05);糖尿病诊断标准的知晓率为41.75%,其中,患者和非患者分别是46.30%和40.75%(P>0.05);糖尿病控制措施的知晓率为20.25%,其中,患者和非患者分别是18.52%和20.52%(P>0.05);糖尿病并发症的知晓率为22.00%,其中,患者和非患者分别是16.67%和22.83%(P>0.05);糖尿病临床症状的知晓率为62.00%,其中,患者和非患者分别是66.67%和61.27%(P>0.05)。血糖监测:患者主要是每周和每月监测,分别占33.96%和30.19%;非患者主要是一年、半年和偶尔监测,分别占28.82%、21.04%和18.44%。在糖尿病意识方面(易患人群、诊断标准、控制措施、并发症和临床症状),文化程度的高低之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);除了临床症状(P>0.05),在易患人群、诊断标准、控制措施和并发症方面,居民家庭收入的高低间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05、<0.01)。结论大连市社区居民糖尿病患病知晓率、治疗率、控制率以及糖尿病相关知识的知晓率均有待进一步提高,应采取综合性防治措施,特别是增强血糖监测、糖尿病相关知识的普及,合理开展药物治疗和非药物干预,提高糖尿病患者的生活质量。     

石家庄市新华区居民高血压患病率及相关知识行为调查

目的了解石家庄市新华区成年居民的高血压患病、知晓、治疗、控制情况,评估防治现状,完善防治措施。方法以2010年《中国居民营养与健康状况监测工作手册》为依据,采用整群随机抽样的方法,于2010年11-12月开展调查,内容包括询问调查、医学体检等。结果 2010年石家庄市新华区居民的高血压患病率为35.62%,标化患病率为28.41%。高血压的知晓率为52.52%,男性51.46%,女性53.61%;治疗率为45.99%,男性43.86%,女性48.19%;控制率为12.46%,男性9.94%,女性15.06%。高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率均随年龄增加而呈明显上升趋势。结论高血压患病率较高,知晓率、治疗率和控制率相对较低,需要加强高血压筛查工作,采取有效的措施预防和治疗高血压。     

企业职工高血压患病现况研究

目的对某公司职工进行高血压患病现况研究,以期为提高广大企业职工高血压的治疗率、控制率及职工对高血压的知晓率,保障职工身心健康提供理论依据。方法选取芜湖某公司1 762名职工作为研究对象,对所有研究对象进行身高、体质量、血压的测量,同时抽取空腹静脉血检测血脂、血糖及尿酸,并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果 1 762名公司职工中,高血压患者共629例,患病率为35.70%。其中男性高血压患病率为39.43%,高于女性的29.17%,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而不论男性或女性,公司职工高血压患病率均随着年龄的增加而升高。公司职工的高血压知晓率、治疗率及控制率分别为69.95%,56.44%及29.73%,其中男性职工高血压知晓率、治疗率及控制率分别为69.46%,53.17%及28.73%,低于女性职工的71.12%,64.17%及32.09%,其中男、女职工高血压治疗率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据高血压诊断标准将公司职工分为高血压组(629人)及正常血压组(1 133人),高血压组职工的平均年龄、收缩压(SBP)水平、舒张压(DBP)水平、心率、体质指数、高总胆固醇(TC)血症检出率、高甘油三酯(TG)血症检出率、高血糖检出率、高尿酸血症检出率及饮酒率均高于正常血压组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论公司职工存在高血压高患病率、低知晓率、低治疗率以及低控制率的现象,应进一步加强针对职工的健康教育和健康知识宣传,提高职工的高血压防治意识,同时督促职工改变其不良饮食习惯和不良生活方式,以达到提高广大职工健康水平的目的。     

社区居民糖尿病患病率、知晓率和控制率现况调查

目的了解社区居民糖尿病患病率、知晓率和控制率现状。方法随机整群抽取保定市3个社区,应用横断面研究方法调查45岁以上居民2型糖尿病患病、知晓和控制情况。结果糖尿病标化患病率20.1%,糖尿病前期标化患病率为7.8%;糖尿病知晓率为68.5%,糖尿病前期知晓率为0;达标率仅为17.91%。结论社区居民糖尿病患病率较高,知晓率和控制率较低,解决人群防治的关键是提高知晓率。     

北京市朝阳区教职工高血压患病及相关知识现况调查

目的了解北京市朝阳区教职工高血压患病情况及相关知识,为开展高血压防治工作和采取有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法对2008年1-6月朝阳区教职工4352名参加体检人员进行高血压患病和相关知识现况调查。结果朝阳区教师高血压患病率为26.7%,男性为35.7%,高于女性的23.9%,差异有统计学意义;农村为31.3%,高于城市的23.3%,差异有统计学意义;高血压病人知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为79.9%、57.5%和36.5%。结论高血压防治重点应放在农村教师、男教师,加强健康管理工作,重点放在高血压病人血压有效控制的方面。     

北京居民糖尿病患病率及相关知识行为调查

目的了解北京社区居民糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率。方法 2007年对北京市海淀区、西城区、朝阳区和大兴区的居民进行多阶段分层整群抽样,共抽取>20岁北京常住居民10 054人,对其进行体格检查、问卷调查和实验室检测。结果北京社区居民糖尿病的患病率为11.0%,男女性之间无明显差异(χ²=0.03,P>0.05),地区之间的差异有统计学意义(16.0%,12.9%和7.7%,P<0.001);糖尿病的知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为62.0%、55.2%和32.2%,男女性之间无明显差异(P>0.05),市区最高,效区最低(P<0.001),年龄越大、文化程度越高,上述3率也越高(P<0.001)。结论北京社区居民糖尿病患病率较高,知晓率、治疗率和控制率均较低,需要加强糖尿病筛查工作,采取有效的措施预防和治疗糖尿病。     

西安市成年居民糖尿病流行病学特征调查

目的了解西安市成年人群糖尿病患病率和糖尿病患者知晓率、治疗率和控制率情况,为糖尿病综合防治工作提供依据。方法利用多阶段整群抽样法,于2013年11月调查西安市全市14个区县18岁及以上在该地居住6个月以上的居民共8 196人。通过问卷调查和体格检查获取调查对象的基本信息和健康状况,体格检查包括测量空腹血糖和身高、体重等指标。结果西安市成年人糖尿病标化患病率为7.8%(男性7.9%,女性7.6%;城区7.6%,郊县7.9%)。糖尿病患者知晓率为49.8%(男性52.5%,女性47.3%;城区58.1%高于郊县41.6%,P<0.05),治疗率为41.8%(男性43.0%,女性40.5%;城区47.5%高于郊县的36.0%,P<0.05),控制率为14.3%(男性11.4%低于女性17.1%,P<0.05);城区17.7%高于郊县10.9%,P<0.05)),经药物治疗的糖尿病患者控制率为28.7%。结论西安市成年人糖尿病的患病率比较高,而糖尿病患者知晓率、治疗率和控制率偏低,尤其是郊县,需进一步加强糖尿病防治健康教育。     

高血压家系802人的高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗和控制状况调查

目的了解高血压家系人群高血压患病率、治疗率和控制率特点。方法用整群随机抽样调查的方法调查高血压家系高血压的流行和控制情况,分析比较相关指标的差异。结果家系成员高血压患病率为55．86％,存在危险因素聚集现象。高血压的知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为79．46％、62．72％、19．64％。结论该地区高血压家系高血压患病率较高,遗传因素是重要原因。虽高血压控制水平较高,但需加强高血压的一级预防。     

苏州工业园区高血压知晓率、治疗率与控制率调查

为了解苏州工业园区高血压流行现状,探索以社区为基础的慢性病防治社区服务模式,制定干预措施。2007年-2008年对苏州工业园区35岁以上居民进行了高血压病的流行病学调查,对社区居民高血压病的知晓率、治疗率与控制率进行了分析,现将结果报告如下。     

中国部分中年人群糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率及控制率现况调查

目的描述中国14组中年人群空腹血糖受损（IFG）患病率、糖尿病（DM）患病率、知晓率、治疗率、控制率现状及其近年的变化趋势。方法1998年对14组35～59岁人群进行整群抽样调查,测定空腹血糖并询问DM史及治疗史,用于现况研究。对其中4组曾在1993—1994年进行相同调查的人群进行变化趋势研究。结果14组人群IFG和DM年龄标化患病率分别为0．5％～15．6％（平均4．8％）和0．2％～10．6％（平均4．3％）,无性别差异,城市高于农村（P〈0．01）,年龄越大患病率越高（P〈0．01）。DM知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为0％～46．2％（平均33．3％）、0％～46．2％（平均27．2％）和0％～15．4％（平均9．7％）;女性大于男性（P〈0．01）,城市高于农村（P=0．031）．年龄越大上述三率越高（P〈0．05）,与文化程度无显著关联。在DM知晓者中治疗率平均为81．6％,在治疗者中控制率平均为35．6％,且男女、城乡、年龄组问差异无统计学意义。1993-1994年到1998年4组人群DM患病率平均由3．8％上升到4．6％（P=0．037）,知晓率、治疗率、控制率有上升趋势但变化无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论中国14组中年人群DM患病率两性之间差异无统计学意义．地区之间差异明显,近年呈上升趋势。DM知晓率、治疗率、控制率总体处于较低水平。解决DM人群防治的关键是改善检出机会和提高治疗效果两个环节。     

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a working Bulgarian population

Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke mortality. Few data exist on prevalence, awareness, and management of hypertension in Bulgaria, precluding development of potentially beneficial risk reduction initiatives. Between September 1996 and July 1997, an age-sex stratified sample of 847 male and 771 female employees (age 18–64 y) of the national transport industry resident in Sofia was recruited during their annual physical examination. A structured interview was conducted and resting blood pressure (BP) measured. Prevalence: Elevated BP (mean of two consecutive readings SBP 140 mmHg and/or DBP 90 mmHg) was observed among 24% of women and 58% of men (p < 0.001). Prevalence increased with age in both men and women. Awareness: Among 722 employees with elevated BP, 49% of women and 33% of men (p < 0.001) reported history of hypertension. Awareness increased with age. Management: Among 345 employees with history of hypertension, 37% of women and 36% of men (p > 0.05) reported taking antihypertensive treatment. The proportion under management increased with age. Control: Normal BP was measured in only 6% of men and 7% of women taking antihypertensive medication (p > 0.05; no consistent trends by age). Elevated BP is widespread and hypertension is underdiagnosed and poorly controlled in this urban working-age Bulgarian population, especially among those under 40 y. This may contribute to the high rates of coronary heart disease and stroke incidence and mortality in Bulgaria.     

2002-2010年国内劳动人口高血压知晓治疗和控制率变化情况分析

目的了解我国劳动人口高血压的知晓、治疗和控制变化情况,为制定适合劳动人口高血压的防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查报告和2010年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测报告数据进行二次分析。结果 2010年18~44岁劳动人口高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为22.0%、13.8%和2.9%,知晓率和治疗率较2002年分别升高了8.4个百分点和4.7个百分点;控制率与2002年相比无差异。45~59岁劳动人口高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为39.1%、31.8%和5.9%,知晓率和治疗率较2002年分别升高了8.1个百分点和6.8个百分点;控制率与2002年相比无差异。结论我国劳动人口高血压知晓率和治疗率较以往有所提高,但仍处于较低水平,高血压控制情况较差。因此,应加强劳动人口健康教育和行为生活方式干预,开展工作场所高血压综合防治管理,提高劳动人口高血压防控水平。     

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia: a national study of 16,440 subjects

STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all states of Malaysia to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design with proportional allocation was used. METHODS: Trained nurses obtained two blood pressure measurements from each subject. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg, or a self-reported diagnosis of hypertension and taking antihypertensive medication. All data were analysed using Stata 9.2 software and took the complex survey design into account. A two-sided P-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of hypertension for subjects aged 15 years was 27.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.9-28.8). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in males (29.6%, 95% CI 28.3-31.0) compared with females (26.0%, 95% CI 25.0-27.1). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds of having hypertension increased with increasing age, in males, in subjects with a family history of hypertension, with increasing body mass index, in non-smokers and with decreasing levels of education. Only 34.6% of the subjects with hypertension were aware of their hypertensive status, and 32.4 were taking antihypertensive medication. Amongst the latter group, only 26.8% had their blood pressure under control. The prevalence of hypertension amongst those aged 30 years has increased from 32.9% in 1996 to 40.5% in 2004. CONCLUSION: In Malaysia, the prevalence of hypertension is high, but levels of awareness, treatment and control are low. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive integrated population-based intervention programme to ameliorate the growing problem of hypertension in Malaysians.     

Awareness, treatment and control of hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in a selected population of southern Italy

The purpose of the present study was to assess the degree of awareness, treatment and control of hyperlipidaemia compared with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in a selected population of southern Italy. All participants to a cardiovascular disease prevention campaign examined between April 1994 and July 1995 were screened for hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Subjects received also ECG, echo-Doppler of carotid arteries and filled in a questionnaire concerning personal and familial cardiovascular diseases, smoking habit and drug consumption. Of the 742 participants, 327 were found to have hypertension, 73 to have diabetes mellitus, 287 to have mild hyperlipidaemia and 322 to have moderate-severe hyperlipidaemia. Among hypertensive subjects, 60.2% were aware of their condition, 53.5% were treated and 15.6% had their blood pressure controlled at the recommended level (> 140/90 mmHg). Among diabetic subjects, 76.7% were aware, 64.4% treated and 19.2% reached fasting blood glucose level of less than 7.77 mmol/l (140 mg/dl). Only 24.0% of subjects with mild hyperlipidaemia were aware of their condition. Of the subjects found to have moderate-severe hyperlipidaemia, 64.9% were aware, 32.3% were treated and 9.0% had plasma cholesterol and triglycerides concentration of less than 6.45 and 5.65 mmol/l (250 and 500 mg/dl), respectively (cutoffs chosen to separate mild from moderate-severe hyperlipidaemia). These results show that mild hyperlipidaemia is almost neglected whereas awareness of moderate-severe hyperlipidaemia is quite widespread and comparable to that of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Prevalence of treatment and control of moderate-severe hyperlipidaemia is, however, much lower than that of hypertension and diabetes.     

No evidence for marked ethnic differences in accuracy of self-reported diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the accuracy of self-reported diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in high-risk groups differs according to ethnicity. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We analyzed data of 430 patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease from different ethnic origin, including Turkish, Surinamese, and Dutch. Risk factors based on self-reports were compared with data from medical records and with a gold standard based on clinical measurements. Proportions of concordance between self-reports and other methods and kappa statistics (kappa) were determined by ethnicity. RESULTS: Concordance between self-reports and other data sources was highest in diabetes and lowest for hypercholesterolemia. Agreement of self-reports was substantial to almost perfect for diabetes (kappa: 0.84-0.76), substantial to moderate for hypertension (kappa: 0.63-0.51), and moderate for hypercholesterolemia (kappa: 0.55-0.48). There was no statistically significant association between ethnicity and concordance, except for self-reporting of diabetes among Surinamese vs. Dutch indigenous patients (odds ratio=0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.97). CONCLUSION: There are no marked ethnic differences in the accuracy of self-reports of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia in high-risk populations. Larger studies including multiple ethnic groups are needed to confirm these findings.     

河北省玉田县农村居民高血压和糖尿病患病率及其知晓率

目的了解河北省玉田县中老年人群高血压、糖尿病的患病率和知晓率。方法2011年3月选取40～69岁农村居民495人进行高血压和糖尿病相关知识问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。结果调查人群高血压、糖尿病患病率分别为63．8％、12．1％,知晓率分别为34．5％、56．7％;根据中国人口年龄进行标化后患病率统计：高血压为63．2％（男性为66．4％,女性为60．9％）、糖尿病为11．1％（男性为12．0％,女性为10．4％）;高血压和糖尿病患病率随年龄和体重指数的增加而递增（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,男性和女性居民高血压和糖尿病的患病率及知晓率差异均无统计学意义,高血压知晓率随体重指数的增加而升高（P〈0．01）。结论河北玉田县农村中老年居民高血压和糖尿病患病率较高,而高血压知晓率却很低。     

无锡市新区社区人群高血压流行特征及认知行为调查分析

目的了解社区人群高血压的流行现状,分析患者的认知行为特征,为开展高血压的社区预防控制提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样对35岁以上常住居民共20843人进行调查。结果高血压总患病率为39．02％,且随着年龄的增长逐渐上升,体重超标者患高血压的危险性是正常人群的2倍左右,高血压患者的知晓率、治疗率与控制率分别为56．01％、53．04％与18．81％。结论无锡市新区社区人群高血压患病率高、上升速度快,知晓率、治疗率与控制率低的现状已对社区人群的健康构成了威胁,开展社区综合性防治是今后工作的重点。     

2010年和2014年苏州市姑苏区居民高血压控制情况比较

目的评价居民高血压防治社区干预效果。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,2010年和2014年分别抽取苏州市姑苏区4个社区30岁居民进行调查,分析比较高血压患病及控制情况。结果 2010年和2014年居民高血压患病率分别为46.45%、45.61%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。居民高血压患病率男性高于女性,且随着年龄的增加而增加(P值均0.05)。与2010年相比,2014年居民高血压知晓率由64.44%提高到81.61%;治疗率由56.80%提高到66.89%;控制率由22.99%提高到40.07%;治疗者控制率由40.48%提高到59.90%,差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.01)。结论自"十二五"规划实施以来,居民高血压患者控制情况有所好转,但控制率依然较低。     

北京市海淀区成年人常见慢性病患病及防治现状

目的了解北京市海淀区成年人高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的流行特征和防治水平。方法采取多阶段等比例分层整群抽样方法于2008年对北京市海淀区2776名18岁～79岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检查。结果高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的患病率分别为37.5%,11.0%和45.7%;高血压患者知晓率、药物治疗率和控制率分别为49.7%,44.3%和9.8%,糖尿病患者分别为56.7%,50.0%和15.0%,血脂异常患者分别为31.1%,13.0%和4.3%;高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常知晓患者的治疗率分别为89.2%,87.5%和34.1%,药物治疗患者的控制率分别为22.1%,42.8%和19.5%。随年龄增长,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的患病率、知晓率、药物治疗率增高(P0.05);高血压治疗患者的控制率降低(P0.05)。女性60岁以前高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率均低于男性(P0.05),60岁以后与男性持平。结论海淀区高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病水平高,知晓、治疗和控制水平偏低。当前应加强慢性病的三级预防,加强社区慢性病综合防治工作。