合并腹主动脉瘤的结直肠癌患者外科治疗策略的Meta分析

目的 探讨合并腹主动脉瘤的结直肠癌患者外科治疗策略与效果.方法 通过检索1988年1月至2008年12月合并腹主动脉瘤的结直肠癌患者外科治疗的文献,提取相关指标分析.组间比较采用t检验,计数资料的比较以率表示,用χ2检验,n<10时,采用四格表的确切概率法.结果 共检索到367例经手术治疗的合并腹主动脉瘤的结直肠癌病例.先行结直肠癌根治术的患者手术间期为(115±21)d,较先行开腹腹主动脉瘤切除人造血管置入术(OAAR)患者的(42±8)d长(t=18.9,P<0.05);同期结直肠癌根治术+OAAR的患者术后30 d并发症发生率及累计住院时间分别为10.5%(12/114)、(23±6)d,少于二期结直肠癌根治术+OAAR患者的26.0%(47/181)、(16±4)d(χ2=10.42,t=12.01,P<0.05).结直肠癌根治术+腹主动脉腔内覆膜支架人造血管置入术(EVAR)患者累计住院时间为(12±4)d,短于结直肠癌根治术+OAAR患者的(19±5)d(t=9.48,P<0.05).二期结直肠癌根治术+OAAR患者术后4年生存率为43.5%(27/62),低于二期结直肠癌根治术+EVAR的69.2%(18/26)及同期结直肠癌根治术+OAAR患者的73.7%(14/17),其差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.83,5.28,P<0.05).结论 腹主动脉瘤直径≤5 cm的无症状患者,先行结直肠癌根治术;但直径>5 cm者,先行OAAR对减少瘤体破裂有积极意义.在能耐受同期手术的情况下,同期手术更具优势.     

腹腔镜下手术对早期结直肠癌的治疗效果分析

目的：探讨对早期结直肠癌患者采用腹腔镜下手术进行治疗的临床效果。方法选取我院2011年7月～2013年7月接收治疗的104例早期结直肠癌患者作为临床研究对象,按照不同的治疗方式将其分为观察组和对照组,各52例,对照组患者给予开腹手术治疗,观察组患者给予腹腔镜下手术治疗。结果观察组患者的住院时间、手术时间以及术后肠道功能恢复时间明显短于对照组（P ＜0.05）;观察组患者的术中出血量明显少于对照组（P ＜0.05）;观察组患者的并发症发生率和对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论对早期结直肠癌患者采用腹腔镜下手术进行治疗,能够降低并发症,加快术后恢复,缩短住院时间,提高术后生存质量,值得临床应用推广。     

重组人生长激素对结直肠癌根治术后血浆蛋白的影响

目的 研究重组人生长激素(rhGH)对结直肠癌患者术后代谢、营养状态和术后切口愈合的影响.方法 前瞻性地将82例结直肠癌患者随机分为治疗组(43例)和对照组(39例),治疗组手术后第1 d开始皮下注射rhGH,对照组给予安慰剂,共用7 d,分别在术前及术后3、7、14 d检测血浆白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)及转铁蛋白(TF)水平.记录切口愈合情况.结果 治疗组术后7 d和术后14 d的ALB、PA及TF水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),而对照组术后7 d和术后14 d的ALB、PA及TF水平高于术前和术后第3 d(P<0.05).治疗组术后切口愈合不良14例,对照组术后切口愈合不良24例;治疗组的切口愈合不良明显低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 结直肠癌根治术后的患者早期予以皮下注射rhGH可促进合成代谢、改善营养状态以及减少切口愈合不良的发生.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术联合射频消融治疗肝转移癌

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术+同期RFA治疗肝转移癌的临床价值.方法 2001年12月至2006年7月成都市第三人民医院对22例结直肠癌合并同时性肝转移的患者施行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术+同期RFA治疗肝转移癌,术后通过增强CT检查评价消融灶固化效果.采用X2检验分析疗效.结果 本组22例患者中8例肝转移癌为多发,16例有合并症.对31个肝转移癌进行RFA治疗,未发生相关并发症;术后平均住院时间为(14±5)d,无手术死亡.5例因消融不完全进行重复RFA,4例消融灶复发(2例重复RFA);6例死亡(2例死于消融灶复发).消融灶复发率为18%(4/22),病死率为27%(6/22).肝转移癌直径≥2.0 cm者RFA后消融灶复发率高于直径＜2.0 cm者(x2=5.867,P＜0.05).结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术+同期RFA治疗肝转移癌,为多发性肝转移癌、合并基础疾病、高龄、手术耐受差和肿瘤切除困难的结直肠癌患者提供了治疗的机会.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌与开腹手术对应激相关因子的对比研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌与传统开腹手术相对比机体应激相关因子的变化.方法 2008年5月至2010年8月同一手术组将86例拟行结直肠癌手术的患者随机分为两组,腔镜组40例,开腹组46例.分别于术前、术后第1d、术后第3d、术后第8d抽取患者外周静脉血,通过双抗体夹心法酶联免疫吸附实验检测白介素-6(IL-6)、流式细胞检测技术检测白细胞、化学发光免疫分析法检测C-反应蛋白(CRP)的变化.结果 腔镜组与开腹组C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞(WBC)两组术前差异均无统计学意义,CRP术后含量明显增高(P＜0.05),3d后逐渐降低,组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);IL-6术后均高于术前水平(P＜0.05),术后8d腔镜组IL-6降至术前水平,开腹组仍高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);WBC术后1d腔镜组没有同期开腹组升高明显(P＜0.05),随后两组逐渐恢复到术前水平.结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌机体应激反应比开腹手术轻.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术中并发症的处理

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌手术术中常见并发症及其防治策略。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月—2010年8月腹腔镜结直肠癌手术87例的临床资料。结果:87例患者中,出现术中出血、术中肠破裂等并发症中转开腹患者15例,开腹后均顺利完成手术,术后恢复可,在7～14 d内顺利出院。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术中如出现并发症及异常情况时应及时中转开腹,以保证患者安全。     

高龄腹股沟疝合并慢性阻塞性肺病患者行无张力疝修补术的护理干预

目的探讨高龄腹股沟疝合并慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者行无张力疝修补术的护理方法。方法收集2010年4月至2014年7月,黄石市第二医院90例采用无张力疝修补术治疗的高龄腹股沟疝合并COPD患者,术前给予充分评估与准备、术中合理干预、术后监测病情变化、给予合适饮食、药物指导、防治并发症等。结果 90例患者行腹股沟疝无张力补片修补术,术后局部疼痛轻,术后患侧髋关节无牵拉感,均能自由屈伸。所有患者均术后1 d下床活动,没有患者发生COPD急性发作并均痊愈出院。手术时间为40~50 min,平均住院为4~7 d,所有患者均未发生肠梗阻、疝复发、皮下窦道、切口感染等并发症。结论加强对高龄腹股沟疝合并COPD患者的围手术期护理,能有效提高手术疗效、改善患者预后。     

腹腔镜及开腹结直肠癌根治术的临床对比

目的:比较腹腔镜和传统开腹结直肠癌根治术的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析由同一手术组完成的45例腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术和同期49例开腹结直肠癌根治术患者的临床资料对比两组的手术安全性、手术时间、出血量、术后恢复、肿瘤根治性随访结果.结果:两组均无严重并发症,均无手术死亡病例.腹腔镜组在术中失血、术后恢复、住院时间、术后止痛药剂量、并发症发生率、进食时间明显优于开腹组(P＜0.05),但在切除标本中淋巴结个数与开腹组无差统计学异(p＞0.05).结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术创伤小、术后恢复快、安全可靠.     

结直肠癌合并糖尿病的外科治疗(附40例报告)

目的:探讨结直肠癌围手术期合并糖尿病的外科治疗.方法:回顾性分析2002年1月至2006年12月收治的40例结直肠癌合并糖尿病患者的临床资料.结果:40例患者均在密切监测空腹血糖和尿糖的同时服药至术前,行择期手术,无手术死亡.术后共发生各类并发症24例,无切口裂开和酮症酸中毒等严重并发症,所有患者均安全渡过围手术期.结论:对于结直肠癌合并糖尿病的患者,围手术期严格控制血糖和尿糖,是非常重要的.     

多学科协作诊治模式下新辅助/辅助化疗联合结直肠癌手术的临床效果

目的 探讨多学科协作(multi-disciplinary team, MDT)诊治模式下,结直肠癌手术围手术期不同新辅助/辅助化疗治疗策略的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年1～12月期间四川大学华西医院肛肠外科专业组收治确诊为结直肠癌患者的临床资料,将患者分为非辅助化疗组(新辅助化疗 手术治疗)和辅助化疗组(新辅助化疗 手术治疗 辅助化疗),比较2组的治疗效果.结果 共收治了789例结直肠疾病患者,其中明确诊断为结直肠癌并符合纳入研究条件的患者195例,其中男109例,女86例; 年龄为25～84岁,中位年龄60.00岁,平均59.98岁; 结肠癌59例,直肠癌136例.随访时间为5～17个月,全部195例患者中失访3例,成功随访率为98.5%,随访期间无复发和死亡.2组患者基线基本一致,2组间术前内科合并症、肿瘤并发梗阻症状和术前是否输血的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05); 2组在术中是否输血和Dukes分期方面的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而其他手术相关指标和病理指标间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05); 在术后治疗中,2组间是否输血的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05); 术后住院期间康复指标在2组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05); 2组间术后并发症和排便情况差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后1和3个月随访中发现,2组间CEA和CA19-9值差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在MDT诊治模式下,进行新辅助化疗 手术治疗 辅助化疗方案并不影响患者的康复,也不增加患者术后并发症的风险,并可能提高患者术后对排便习惯的接受程度,具有一定的安全性和临床价值,但是否能提高临床效果有待进一步研究.     

Which Comorbid Conditions Predict Complications after Surgery for Colorectal Cancer?

Background Accurate presurgical assessment is important to anticipate postoperative complications, especially in the growing proportion of elderly cancer patients. We designed a study to define which comorbid conditions at the time of diagnosis predict complications after surgery for colorectal cancer. Patients A random sample of 431 patients recorded in the population-based Eindhoven Cancer Registry who underwent resection for stage I–III colorectal cancer, newly diagnosed between 1995 and 1999 were entered into this study. Methods The influence of specific comorbid conditions on the incidence and type of complications after surgery for colorectal cancer was analyzed. Results Overall, patients with comorbidity did not develop more surgical complications. However, patients with a tumor located in the colon who suffered from concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) more often developed pneumonia (18% versus 2%; P = 0.0002) and hemorrhage (9% versus 1%; P = 0.02). Patients with colon cancer who suffered from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) at the time of cancer diagnosis more often had surgical complications (67% versus 30%; P = 0.04), especially more minor infections (44% versus 11%; P = 0.002) and major infections (56% versus 10%; P < 0.0001), pneumonia (22% versus 2%; P = 0.01), and thromboembolic complications (11% versus 3%; P = 0.02). Patients with a tumor located in the rectum who suffered from COPD more frequently had any surgical complication (73% versus 46%; P = 0.04), and the presence of DVT at the time of cancer diagnosis was predictive of thromboembolic complications (17% versus 4%; P = 0.045). The presence of DVT remained significant after adjustment for relevant patient and tumor characteristics (odds ratio 9.0, 95% confidence interval 1.1–27.9). Conclusions Among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer, development of complications was especially predicted by presence of COPD and DVT. In patients with the latter comorbidity, regulation of the pre- and postsurgical hemostatic balance needs full attention.     

Re-laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications following laparoscopic colorectal surgery

BackgroundLaparoscopic colorectal surgery has increasingly become the standard of care in the management of both benign and malignant colorectal disease. We herein describe our experience with laparoscopy in the management of complications following laparoscopic colorectal surgery.MethodsBetween November 2010 and July 2012, data were prospectively collected for all patients requiring surgical intervention for colorectal cancer. This was performed by a full-time colorectal cancer data manager.ResultsA total of 203 patients had surgery for colorectal cancer during this period, 154 (75.9%) of which were performed laparoscopically and 49 (24.1%) performed by open surgery. Ten patients (4.9%) underwent surgery for complications of which 7 were following laparoscopic surgery. Two of these 7 patients had an exploratory laparotomy due to abdominal distension and haemodynamic instability. Laparoscopic surgical intervention was successful in diagnosing and treating the remaining 5 patients. Three of these patients developed small bowel obstruction which was managed by re-laparoscopy while in 2 patients there was a significant suspicion of an anastomotic leakage despite appropriate diagnostic imaging which was out ruled at laparoscopy.ConclusionsLaparoscopy can frequently be used to diagnose and treat complications following laparoscopic colorectal surgery. This is another benefit associated with laparoscopic colorectal surgery which is rarely described and allows the benefits associated with the laparoscopic approach to be maintained.     

Laparoscopic Versus Open Multivisceral Resection for Primary Colorectal Cancer: Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes

Background

The role of laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced colorectal cancer invading or adhering to neighboring organs is controversial. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic multivisceral resection for colorectal cancer.

Methods

This study included 126 patients who underwent multivisceral resection for primary colorectal cancer invading or adhering to neighboring organs or structures between July 2005 and November 2012 at our institution. Perioperative outcomes were compared between laparoscopic and open resections.

Results

Laparoscopic and open multivisceral resections were performed in 60 and 66 patients, respectively. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 6.7 % of patients. The median operative time was significantly longer (271 vs. 227 min), but the median blood loss was significantly less (40 vs. 205 mL), in the laparoscopic compared with the open group. The R0 resection rate of the primary tumor (95 vs. 98.5 %), number of lymph nodes harvested (18 vs. 18), and postoperative complications (28 vs. 24 %) were comparable between the groups. The median length of hospital stay was significantly shorter (13.5 vs. 18 days) in the laparoscopic compared with the open group.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic multivisceral resection for colorectal cancer invading or adhering to neighboring organs is safe and feasible in selected patients.     

结直肠癌合并急性肠梗阻的外科治疗

目的 探讨结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻的外科治疗方法及效果。方法 回顾性分析1993年7月至2003年7月间297例结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻行急症手术治疗患者的临床资料。结果 右半结肠癌并梗阻103例，左半结肠癌和直肠癌并梗阻194例。其中一期切除吻合126例(右半结肠一期切除吻合98例，左半结直肠一期切除吻合28例)，全结肠切除或次全切除吻合者108例，Hartmann手术36例，Dixon手术9例，回乙状结肠或回直肠吻合捷径11例，肿瘤近端肠管造瘘7例。术后出现并发症53例(17．8％)，为切口感染、腹腔感染和肠瘘；死亡17例；280例(94．3％)痊愈出院。结论 一期切除吻合和结肠次全切除及全切除吻合手术治疗结直肠癌并发急性肠梗阻，是方便可行而安全有效的。     

术后C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值与结直肠癌术后并发症的相关性研究

目的探讨术后C反应蛋白和白蛋白比值(CAR)与结直肠癌患者术后并发症的相关性。方法收集于解放军总医院海南医院普通外科2013年1月至2018年7月行择期手术治疗的312例结直肠癌患者的临床资料。男性188例,女性124例,年龄(61.0±12.9)岁(范围:21~86岁)。采用Logistic回归分析术后并发症发生的相关因素,采用受试者工作特征曲线确定CAR的最佳截点值,并计算曲线下面积,比较CAR与C反应蛋白对术后并发症的预测效能。结果 28.5%(89/312)的患者发生术后并发症。术后第3天血红蛋白(OR=0.977,95%CI:0.957~0.998,P=0.034)、术前C反应蛋白(OR=1.209,95%CI:1.055~1.386,P=0.006)、术后第3天CAR≥0.325(OR=0.033,95%CI:0.016~0.067,P<0.01)是结直肠癌术后并发症发生的独立相关因素。术后第3天CAR的最佳截点值为0.325,曲线下面积为0.872;术前C反应蛋白的最佳截点值为1.735 g/L,曲线下面积为0.626;术后第3天CAR较术前C反应蛋白具有更高的阳性预测值(79.9%比55.1%)。结论术后CAR与结直肠癌患者术后并发症发生密切相关,术后第3天CAR≥0.325的结直肠癌患者术后并发症发生率升高。     

腹腔镜辅助手术治疗进展期结直肠癌的应用体会

【摘要】 目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助手术治疗进展期结直肠癌的疗效。方法 对作者2008年1月至2013年7月收治的20例进展期结直肠癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者均接受腹腔镜辅助手术治疗,并记录近期疗效相关指标。结果 20例患者中13例行腹腔镜联合开腹原发灶及肝脏转移灶同期切除,2例行腹腔镜联合开腹原发灶及腹腔转移淋巴结同期切除,5例行腹腔镜下原发灶姑息性切除。20例患者的平均手术时间为182±56 min,术中平均出血量为340±28 mL,术后首次排气的时间为3.15±1.58 d,平均住院时间为10.26±1.89 d。有4例术后出现并发症:肠梗阻2例、肺部感染1例、电解质紊乱1例,均经保守治疗后恢复。结论 腹腔镜辅助手术治疗进展期结直肠癌在技术上是安全有效的,姑息性手术对减轻患者的创伤、解除肠梗阻症状及延长生命也有一定帮助,腹腔镜辅助治疗能为部分晚期结直肠癌患者提供较好的选择方案。     

大肠癌术前不进行肠道准备的应用体会

【摘要】 目的 探讨不行肠道准备在大肠癌手术中的应用价值。方法 将2006年3月至2012年10月的80例择期大肠癌患者随机分成40例实验组和40例对照组,实验组手术前饮食不作限制,无肠道梗阻症状者可进普食,手术前1天可进半流质,手术前1天不给予抗生素肠道准备及机械性肠道准备;对照组手术前2天进半流质,手术前1天进全流,手术前1天22时开始禁食;术前1天口服庆大霉素和灭滴灵;有不全梗阻者予清洁灌肠;无梗阻者,口服清肠剂;围手术期预防性抗生素使用甲硝唑和头孢曲松。分析两组患者的术后恢复情况、术后并发症发生率及术后肠道菌群改变情况等。结果 实验组的术后切口感染肺部感染、腹腔脓肿、术后肠吻合口瘘的发生率及术后首次排气时间和住院时间与对照组相比,无显著性差异(P>0.05);但实验组术后低钠血症的发生率低于对照组,且术后肠道菌群改变明显低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 术前不进行肠道准备在大肠癌手术中是安全可行的。     

The association of pretreatment health-related quality of life with surgical complications for patients undergoing open surgical resection for colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the association between pretreatment health-related quality of life (HRQL) and surgical complications for patients with colorectal cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: For patients with colorectal cancer, surgical complications arise from an interaction between underlying medical comorbidity, colorectal cancer severity, and quality and type of treatment provided. Measurement of HRQL provides a summarization of well-being in the context of medical comorbidity and colorectal cancer severity. The summarization of these factors may be useful in prospective risk assessment of patients about to undergo surgery for colorectal cancer. METHODS: A single-institution, prospective, cohort study of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma was performed from August 1, 1999, to March 31, 2002. Before treatment, all participants completed Medical Outcomes Survey SF-36 (SF-36); after the first year of the study, patients also completed the colorectal cancer module of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy survey (FACT-C). Information was collected on demographics, treatment, tumor variables, and complications. RESULTS: Ninety-seven patients have undergone open resection of their colorectal cancer. All patients completed SF-36; 65 completed FACT-C. Thirty patients (31%) experienced complications, including 4 (4%) deaths. Age, race, albumin level, American Society of Anesthesia class, specialty surgical training, tumor location, and stage were not associated with complications in univariate analysis. Patients experiencing surgical complications had significantly lower HRQL scores on SF-36 Social Functioning, General Health Perception, and Mental Health Index scales as well as the Mental Health Component summary score. FACT-C Social/Family, Emotional, Functional Well-Being scores, and the Colorectal Cancer Concerns score were also significantly lower for patients sustaining complications. When these HRQL scales were examined in a multivariate model including albumin level, tumor location, and ASA class, SF-36 Social Functioning (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.98; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.97-0.99) and FACT-C Colorectal Cancer Concerns (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.79-0.99) scales retained a significant association with complications. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment HRQL scores as measured by several scales of SF-36 and FACT-C were significantly associated with complications. Future studies should concentrate on defining the predictive role of HRQL in determining surgical outcome for patients with colorectal cancer.