开发利用气候资源 促进乐清生态城市建设

乐清是全国经济百强县,具有很高的经济发展活力。但乐清资源短缺,耕地面积紧缺,全面发展乐清经济,推进现代化建设,只能走高科技、高效益、低消耗、低污染的可持续发展道路。气候资源是人类赖以生存和发展的基本条件,在全球变暖的影响下,极端天气气候事件频繁,合理开发利用气候资源是实现可持续发展的一个重大战略。乐清地处浙南沿海,气候资源丰富,科学开发利用气候资源,是解决能源紧缺的现实需要,也是建设生态城市,确保可持续发展的需要。     

开发利用和保护气候资源改善生态环境的研究

气候资源是可再生资源，受人类活动的影响气候资源会发生一定变化。开发利用和保护气候资源对改善生态环境具有重要意义。因此，这里着重研究热量资源的合理利用，大力开发空中云水资源，保护森林草原湿地，防止气候环境恶化。     

气候资源管理简介

气候资源管理简介傅大同（陕西省气象局西安·７１００１５）１气候资源及气候资源管理１．１自然资源在了解气候资源前首先要了解自然资源的定义。从广义上讲自然资源是指在一定时问条件下能够产生经济价值以提高人类生活条件的现在和将来的自然环境因素的总和。１．２气...     

毕节地区发展畜牧养殖业的气候资源条件分析及分区探讨

分析毕节地区气候资源和牧草、饲料的关系,找出发展畜牧养殖业的气候资源优势,以气候资源为主要依据,在考虑牧草地状况、饲料来源和社会因素的前提下进行畜牧气候资源分区,为畜牧业的规划和健康发展提供参考依据.     

气候资源及其特点

气候资源是人人受其恩惠、受其影响的一种自然资源。每个人,不论自觉还是不自觉地都直接或间接地在适应它、利用它、改善它或破坏它。那么,什么是气候资源呢？严格地说,气候资源是指对人类的生产和生活活动有利的气候条件;而不利的气候条件,常常引起气候灾害。因此,...     

气候资源的法律概念及其属性探讨

运用价值分析、比较分析、历史分析等方法,探讨了气候资源法律概念的内涵与外延及其属性问题,旨在为我国气候资源保护立法研究提供基础法律理论支撑。结果表明:气候资源是气候要素中可以被人类利用的那一部分自然物质和能量,是一种典型的自然资源,可以成为法律关系客体;它具备自身鲜明的特性,有必要对之提出专门的立法保护。气候资源保护法律规范属于环境保护与自然资源法律规范的范畴。     

气候资源开发利用的设想和建议

气候资源的开发利用是当今气候工作中最为迫切的课题之一,世界各国政府都十分重视。我国气候委员会的成立,中国气候研究计划的制订及中国气候蓝皮书的发表,标志着我国对气候工作和气候资源利用的重视程度。作为省一级专门从事气候工作的部门,如何搞好气候工作,如何抓好气候资源的利用,并把它作为科技兴省的一个重要组成部份,更是一个迫切的任务。下面就笔者从事数十年气候工作的经验提出一些不成熟的设想和建议,供同仁们参考,试图起到抛砖引玉的作用。1气候资源的认识和特点1．1气候资源的认识气候资源是人类社会各种经济活动和动…     

气候资源保护立法讲座 第一讲：气候资源的概念及其属性

探讨了气候资源概念的内涵与外延及其属性问题，旨在为我国气候资源保护立法研究提供基础法律理论支撑。论文运用价值分析、比较分析、历史分析等方法，认为：气候资源是气候要素中可以被人类利用的那一部分自然物质和能量，是一种典型的自然资源，可以成为法律关系客体；它还具备自身鲜明的特性，有必要对之进行专门的立法保护。气候资源保护法律规范属于环境保护与自然资源法律规范的范畴。     

开发利用气候资源促进朝阳地区农业和农村经济发展

1 前言 朝阳地区开发利用气候资源,推动农业和农村经济的发展,采取的主要措施是:增强全民气候意识,掌握气候规律,挖掘气候资源生产潜力,遵循的原则是:评价、改善、开发、挖潜。 2 农业气候资源的评价 通过气候资源评价,把握气候资源的优势     

气候资源开发利用中的法律问题

气候资源是自然资源和自然环境的重要组成部分，旱涝等气候灾害严重影响国计民生，是国民经济建设中必须考虑的重要因素。因此，气候变化问题不仅引起世界科技界，而且已经引起世界各国政府的严重关注，成为影响一个国家或地区可持续发展的核心问题之一。气候资源作为一种重要的再生资源，只要不受破坏，可以一直利用，永不枯竭。但是，自工业革命以来，地球上人口剧增和生产规模的迅速扩大，对环境的破坏和对气候的影响越来越大。若不加以规划和控制，这种影响不但会破坏人类赖以生存的居住环境，也将影响社会和生产的发展。因此，增强气候意识，用法律手段来规范人类开发利用和保护气候资源的行为，有着重要的现实意义。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...