低毒弱凝胶体系稳定性的研究

用AP—P5、间苯二酚、硫脲、乌洛托品配制成低毒的弱凝胶体系,选用疏水缔合聚合物与间苯二酚／乌洛托品交联剂的凝胶体系,研究了其成胶条件及成胶性能。实验表明：由AP—P5聚合物的浓度为2500—4000mg／L配制的凝胶体系的成胶时间、强度可控,同时该体系在高速剪切下成胶强度能保持较大比例,其稳定性好。     

黏弹性双子表面活性剂压裂液的制备及性能评价

考察了阴离子双子表面活性剂SA系列及水杨酸钠对阳离子双子表面活性剂SC-18溶液黏弹性的影响。黏弹性表面活性剂的基础配方为:1%SA-12+1%SC-18+0.5%水杨酸钠。该压裂液体系可满足井温小于100℃的低渗透油藏的压裂改造。该压裂液具有较好的抗剪切能力,170s~(-1)下剪切2h后,黏度保留率大于80%;破胶后黏度小于5 mPa·s,表明该配方具备优异的破胶性能;破胶后均无残渣;石英砂在压裂液的沉降速度满足压裂液性能要求。     

天然橡胶与金属双涂层胶接体系的研究

采用机械共混和胶料成膜工艺制备了一种酚醛-橡胶型膜状胶黏剂,探讨了主要组份对胶黏剂胶接性能的影响。该膜状胶黏剂与制备的底胶构成的双涂层胶接体系满足天然橡胶与金属的热硫化粘接,扯离强度达到4.0MPa以上,180°剥离强度达到3.0kN/m以上,且试件大都为橡胶内聚力破坏。热失重(TGA)测定膜状胶黏剂固化产物的明显热失重温度达到了350℃以上,其热稳定好。该胶接体系不仅适用于天然橡胶与金属的热硫化粘接,还适用于天然橡胶与树脂基复合材料的热硫化胶接,目前该胶接体系已成功应用于天然橡胶与碳/聚酰亚胺复合材料胶接构件的制造中。     

DMP-30作用下丙酮对环氧树脂与E玻纤结合的影响

采用丙酮稀释含有促进剂DMP-30的环氧树脂(E-51)胶液,并以此胶液对E玻璃纤维进行包覆。通过示差扫描量热法、凝胶化实验和傅里叶变换红外光谱研究了DMP-30作用下环氧树脂的固化特性;通过弯曲强度实验和扫描电子显微镜分析探讨了丙酮对该树脂胶液包覆玻纤的增强效果。结果表明:环氧树脂E-51/固化剂甲基六氢苯酐/促进剂DMP-30质量比为100/72.9/1.5,固化工艺为102℃/0.5 h+124℃/1 h+141℃/1 h,丙酮质量分数为5%(以环氧树脂为基准)时,体系的弯曲强度比无丙酮稀释时提高了24.7%。这是由于丙酮降低了树脂胶液粘度,改善了树脂胶液与玻纤的界面结合,形成均匀的结合状态。     

低成本延迟交联凝胶堵漏体系研究

实验优选出了一种低成本延缓交联凝胶堵漏体系,其最佳配方为:0.30% HPAM+0.07% Na_2Cr_2O_7+0.14%Na_2SO_3+0.20% EA。体系在70℃条件下的成胶时间为30 h,成胶强度为0.051 MPa。体系具有较好的抗盐性能,在Na~+浓度低于30000mg/L、Ca~(2+)浓度低于800mg/L时,均可生成具有较高强度的凝胶。该体系适用于温度50～80℃、弱酸性和偏中性的地层条件。对于不同渗透率的岩心,低成本延缓交联凝胶堵漏体系成胶后的封堵强度均高于12 MPa,表明该凝胶体系具有很强的地层堵漏效果。     

复合铬高温暂堵剂体系影响因素分析

复合铬高温暂堵体系由部分水解聚丙烯酰胺、交联剂Y、交联剂G及破胶剂等添加剂组成。在120℃下通过测定成胶时间和破胶时间评价了聚合物、交联剂种类及浓度对暂堵剂体系性能的影响,确定暂堵剂配方为：0.4%～0.55%聚合物PAM-1＋0.2%～0.3%复配铬（G/Y=1～2）交联剂＋0.03%破胶剂。进一步考察了盐度、剪切、地层岩性对暂堵体系的影响。结果表明,在盐度小于25 000 mg/L时,盐度对暂堵体系影响不大;在经过诸如管线和岩心剪切后,该体系的粘度保持率依然很高,保持在83%左右;与空白实验比较,该体系在砂岩及碳酸盐环境下成胶时间及破胶时间、成胶强度基本保持稳定。     

脱硫石膏-粉煤灰-水泥胶凝体系强度及耐久性能研究

本文介绍了脱硫石膏-粉煤灰-水泥胶凝体系的强度、耐水性、干缩性能及抗碳化性能;通过XRD和SEM分析了此胶凝体系的水化产物和微观形貌.结果表明:脱硫石膏-粉煤灰-水泥胶凝体系有较高的强度和较好的耐水性.该胶凝体系有较好的“收缩补偿”效应,干燥收缩较小.由于碱含量较少,该胶凝体系碳化速度较快.     

淀粉/聚乙烯醇共混胶体系相稳定性研究

将淀粉和聚乙烯醇(PVA)分别制胶，然后将它们共混改性是制备性能良好的胶剂有效途径之一。基于淀粉与PVA共混胶体系相是不稳定的，实验考察了共混时的搅拌强度、胶液的pH值、共混胶液的浓度及PVA胶液体积分率对共混体系相稳定性的影响，结果表明：适当地提高搅拌强度或胶液的碱性强度、降低共混胶液的总浓度或PVA含量都有利于体系相稳定性的提高。     

高效液相色谱法检测化妆品中的乌洛托品

建立高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中乌洛托品的方法。样品经甲醇-磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液超声提取,以梯度甲醇-磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液为流动相,经C8色谱柱分离,DAD检测器检测计算乌洛托品含量。在5~200μg/mL范围内样品中乌洛托品浓度和210 nm紫外光吸收强度呈良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,方法检出和定量下限分别为0.1μg和0.2μg,方法回收率为95.6%~103.3%,RSD小于2.8%。该方法快速、准确、简便,适于测定化妆品中乌洛托品的含量。     

低成本延迟交联凝胶堵漏体系研究

实验优选出了一种低成本延缓交联凝胶堵漏体系,其最佳配方为:0. 30%HPAM+0. 07%Na2Cr2O7+0. 14%Na2SO3+0. 20%EA。体系在70℃条件下的成胶时间为30 h,成胶强度为0. 051 MPa。体系具有较好的抗盐性能,在Na+浓度低于30000mg/L、Ca2+浓度低于800mg/L时,均可生成具有较高强度的凝胶。该体系适用于温度50～80℃、弱酸性和偏中性的地层条件。对于不同渗透率的岩心,低成本延缓交联凝胶堵漏体系成胶后的封堵强度均高于12 MPa,表明该凝胶体系具有很强的地层堵漏效果。     

复相乳化法制备聚乳酸/水杨酸钠微囊

以W/O/W复相乳化法,聚乳酸为壁材、水杨酸钠为芯材,制备聚乳酸/水杨酸钠微囊。聚乳酸/水杨酸钠微囊的工艺条件为:水杨酸钠溶液浓度为40 mg/mL,聚乳酸溶液浓度为25mg/mL,聚乙烯醇溶液浓度为2mg/mL,内水相水杨酸钠体积为2mL,油相聚乳酸溶液体积为10mL,外水相聚乙烯醇溶液体积为60mL,即内水相与油相比为1∶5,油相与外水相体积比为1∶6。聚乳酸/水杨酸钠微囊的包封率为75.70%。     

阳离子双子表面活性剂C18-4- C18•2Br的流变性

对阳离子双子表面活性剂四亚甲基-1,2-双(十八烷基二甲基烷基溴化铵)(C18-4-C18.2Br)的流变特性进行了研究,考察了表面活性剂质量分数、水杨酸钠质量分数及温度对表面活性剂溶液黏度和黏弹性的影响。C18-4-C18.2Br溶液的黏度随着质量分数的增加而增加。随着水杨酸钠质量分数的增加,C18-4-C18.2Br溶液的黏度和黏弹性出现先增加后下降的过程。温度对C18-4-C18.2Br溶液的黏度有较大影响,水杨酸钠的加入可明显提高C18-4-C18.2Br溶液的抗温性。TEM结果表明,适量的水杨酸钠能够促进C18-4-C18.2Br胶束从球形向蠕虫状转变,过量的水杨酸钠又会使蠕虫状胶束向囊泡转变。     

The electrochemical behaviour of copper in sodium salicylate aqueous solutions

Cyclic voltammetry has been used to investigate the behaviour of copper surfaces in sodium salicylate aqueous solutions. The observed copper anodic passivation dependence on the presence of salicylate ion in solution is explained. The analysis of the experimental data supports the formation of a complex passivating film formed by a Cu₂O inner layer and a mixed cupric oxide/cupric salicylate outer layer; this film provides a partial passivation of the copper surface and can be completely removed upon excursion to negative potentials values; the composition of the passivating layer depends on the electrolyte nature, i.e. sodium salicylate ion and solution pH, and on the potential programme the copper electrode is subjected to.     

A polyacrylamide hydrogel for application at high temperature and salinity tolerance in temporary well plugging

In addition to conventional approach to ensure the successful application of polymer hydrogels in maintaining temporary well plugging, exact analysis of gel formation and gel strength properties in wellbore are necessary. In this work, bottles and rheology tests are used to investigate the polymer hydrogel gelation time and cross-linking kinetics of sol–gel systems which consist of polyacrylamide and chromium acetate hydroxide as a cross-linker. The effects of temperature of 90 °C and pressure of 3000 psi (typical Iranian oil well condition) were studied in relation to gelation time, strength and the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. The average molecular weight of the polymer chains between cross-link ties was evaluated using an oil-well laboratory system and compressive strength test. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis of dried gel and the effect of temperature on the kinetics of the gel swelling in different solutions such as distilled water, tap water, formation water and oil were studied. The results showed that the number of tie points between each entanglement has not much reduced under pressure. Therefore, the prepared hydrogel can maintain its chemical structure under the Iranian oil well pressure and can be proposed to field studies. The degree of sol–gel reaction of prepared hydrogel and the activation energy based on the Arrhenius equation were calculated to be 1.5 and 274 kJ/mol, respectively.     

医用硅橡胶凝胶量的控制

采用过氧化物做交联剂，白碳黑做补强剂，研究了硅橡胶混炼胶凝胶量的形成以及对性能的影响。说明不加结构控制剂的硅橡胶凝胶量是可控制的，这种胶料的物理机械性能可以满足使用要求。     

紫外线吸收剂在化妆品颜色保护中的作用研究

考察了3种紫外线吸收剂：辛酯水杨酸／胡莫柳酯,丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷,生育酚／葵籽油、苯并三唑基丁苯酚磺酸钠组合物和二苯酮-4分别对透明香波、睹喱水、香水中红色33和酸性翠蓝AE的保护性能。3种紫外线吸收剂的护色性能为：辛酯水杨酸／胡莫柳酯／丁基甲氧基二苯甲酰甲烷,生育酚,葵籽油〉苯并三唑基丁苯酚磺酸钠组合物〉二苯酮-4。但因体系和颜料种类的不同,3种紫外线吸收剂所表现出的护色性能不尽相同,应针对具体的体系进行试验后确定。     

有机锆对羧甲基羟丙基瓜胶的交联性能研究

以氧氯化锆和柠檬酸等为原料,合成了适用于羧甲基羟丙基瓜胶在酸性条件下交联的有机锆交联剂,考察了pH值、温度、羧甲基羟丙基瓜胶和交联剂加量等对体系成胶时间的影响,评价了形成冻胶的抗温抗剪切性能、滤失性能和破胶性能.实验发现,在pH值为3.0时,羧甲基羟丙基瓜胶/有机锆体系具有可控的延缓交联特性,质量分数为0.5%和0.6...     

复合交联聚合物弱凝胶调驱剂的研制及性能评价

有机铬/HPAM在高温条件下成胶时间短,形成的凝胶稳定性差,长期放置脱水严重。酚醛树脂类弱凝胶耐温性能提高,抗脱水性以及稳定性变好。采用复合交联堵剂越来越受到人们的重视,具有良好的应用前景。以HPAM为主剂,有机铬(JL)为主交联剂,醛类化合物(JK)为辅助交联剂,形成有机铬/醛/HPAM弱凝胶体系。考察了主交联剂、辅助交联剂、HPAM的浓度对其成胶性能的影响。同时,岩心驱替结果还表明该弱凝胶体系对非均质地层有很好的调剖效果,使水驱采收率得到大幅度提高。     

聚氧化乙烯/海藻酸钠/羟丙基-癸烷基壳聚糖网络凝胶的制备及其对三七总皂苷的体外释放性能研究

将壳聚糖改性成两亲性的羟丙基-癸烷基壳聚糖,并通过化学交联方法制备了聚氧化乙烯/海藻酸钠/羟丙基-癸烷基壳聚糖载药网络凝胶。利用傅利叶变换红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对凝胶结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,该凝胶具有良好的网状结构和溶胀性,同时兼具p H敏感性和温度敏感性,在不同p H环境中均对三七总皂苷具有一定的缓释作用。     

Effect of layered nano-organosilicate on the gel point rheology of bismaleimide/diallylbisphenol A resin

The effect of organically modified clay (organoclay) on the cross-linking of a high performance thermoset resin—diallylbisphenol A (DBA) modified bismaleimide (DBA/BMI), is studied using rheometry and FTIR spectroscopy. The validity of the Winter-Chambon criterion was examined for the cross-linking of these filled polymers. Physical gels have been formed prior to the chemical cross-linking with 3.0 and 5.0% organoclay I.30TC. The physical properties of the gel, including the loss tangent, critical relaxation exponent and the gel strength in the absence and presence of organoclay, were investigated and the results indicated that organoclay showed a great effect on the physical properties of the gel. Organoclay reduced the gel time but decreased the degree of the cross-linking slightly at the gel point, as revealed by the FTIR spectroscopy. The dispersion of organoclay also affected the gel characteristics. More elastic and stronger gel can be obtained when organoclay was better exfoliated. When another type of organoclay Cloisite 30B was used, results indicated that the nature of organoclay had a considerable effect on the cross-linking in the polymer system.