直投式菌种应用技术

发酵剂对发酵乳的品质的影响是极其重要的。发酵乳技术重大突破之一，就在于改变了传统液态发酵剂生产模式，冷冻、浓缩、干燥发酵剂在发酵乳生产中的应用。本文就直投式菌种的应用情况进行简要介绍。     

信息之窗

法科学家破译可让肉类保鲜的乳酸菌基因序列法国科学家日前破译了一种名为“米酒”的乳酸菌的基因序列,这种细菌会抑制导致肉类腐败的细菌,从而让肉类保持新鲜。目前在欧洲的肉类加工界,乳酸菌被广泛当作香肠发酵的发酵剂培养物,它们在让香肠的味道更好的同时还会抑止与其竞争的细菌的生长。该机构扎戈雷茨等人介绍说,他们破译的这种“米酒”乳酸菌由于原先是在米酒中发现,因而得名。欧洲大多数食品企业于是利用这种细菌对肉制品进行处理,防止食品变质。破译了这种细菌的完整序列,将使得进一步开发和利用这种细菌的生物保鲜潜力成为可能。科…     

复合益生菌协同复合酶发酵对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响

为评价益生菌协同复合酶发酵对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响，试验选取高产纤维素酶、拮抗致病菌的益生菌与木聚糖酶、纤维素酶复配成复合生物发酵剂。设添加复合生物发酵剂、添加对照菌剂、自然发酵3个试验组发酵青贮，每组3个重复。青贮20 d后，测定饲料成品的发酵品质、营养水平以及霉菌和霉菌毒素含量。结果表明：添加复合生物发酵剂制备的青贮感官品质评分为优，对照菌剂组和自然发酵组评分为良。应用复合生物发酵剂的青贮饲料酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量显著低于对照菌剂组和自然发酵组（P ＜ 0.05），ADF含量较自然发酵组减少31.61%，粗蛋白质（CP）和乳酸含量显著高于对照菌剂组和自然发酵组（P ＜ 0.05），CP含量较自然发酵组增加10.29%，乳酸含量较自然发酵组增加10.25%。自然发酵组和添加对照菌剂组在表层都检测到霉菌，相同部位处霉菌毒素含量均高于添加复合生物发酵剂组。综上所述，使用复合生物发酵剂可改善玉米秸秆青贮品质，还可抑制和杀灭多种病原细菌和霉菌，延长青贮成品保质期。 [关键词] 益生菌|复合酶|玉米秸秆|青贮品质     

开菲尔粒中乳酸菌的筛选与发酵特性

以大肠杆菌ATCC25922和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923为抑菌对象筛选开菲尔粒中具有抑菌功能的乳酸菌,将该乳酸菌株发酵上清液制成冻干粉,未纯化的抗菌肽质量浓度大于6.250 mg/mL时,对大肠杆菌ATCC25922和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923抑菌效果显著,利用16S rDNA方法,鉴定该菌株为干酪乳杆菌。以该菌株制备发酵剂,添加量2、3、4 g/100 mL发酵全脂乳,4 ℃冷藏保存30 d,结果表明,发酵剂添加量越多,酸乳pH值越低,滴定酸度、硬度、黏度和持水率越高,脱水收缩率越低;发酵剂添加量3 g/100 mL和4 g/100 mL酸乳的感官评分无明显差异,且均高于发酵剂添加量2 g/100 mL酸乳。     

发酵天数和生物发酵剂互作对6种中药渣营养价值的影响

试验旨在探讨不同生物发酵剂处理和发酵天数互作对中药渣发酵后营养价值的影响。试验选取6种常见中成药渣，采用4×4双因素试验设计，以不同生物发酵剂（对照组、复合酶组、复合菌组及复合酶+菌组）和发酵天数（3、6、9、12 d）为两个试验因素，每个因素4个水平，开展不同因素及水平互作对发酵后中成药渣营养成分含量的变化。结果显示，不同发酵剂处理及不同发酵天数对6种中药渣常规营养成分含量变化的影响存在极显著交互作用（P<0.01）。当添加复合酶粉与复合菌粉协同发酵后，发酵中药渣品质显著提升，纤维含量下降，粗蛋白质含量提升；随着发酵天数延长，发酵中药渣品质呈现先升高后降低，在发酵12 d时达到与发酵3 d相近的发酵效果。研究表明，选择复合酶粉与复合菌粉混合处理组为适宜的发酵剂，适宜的发酵时间为3 d。     

国内直投式乳酸菌发酵剂研究进展

发酵乳制品是我国乳制品的重要品类之一,乳品发酵技术也在不断发展,而直投式发酵剂的研究是国内发酵技术研究的热点。本文就国内直投式发酵剂的研究现状和直投式发酵剂开发过程中的几个关键技术展开了论述,并对其未来发展进行了展望,以期为直投发酵剂的研究开发提供参考。     

酸奶发酵剂的研究与应用现状

酸奶发酵剂是酸奶工业化生产中的重要因素,其发酵特性和品质直接影响发酵酸奶的风味和质量,本文首先概述了酸奶发酵剂的发展历史和分类,然后后对酸奶发酵剂的研究与应用现状进行了总结和综述。     

2001亚洲食品配料(中国)展览会部份论文摘要

发酵剂对发酵乳的品质的影响是极其重要的。发酵乳技术重大突破之一,就在于改变了传统液态发酵剂生产模式,冷冻、浓缩、干燥发酵剂在发酵乳生产中的应用。本文就直投式菌种的应用情况进行简要介绍。     

金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素等指标在发酵牛肉加工过程中变化规律的研究

作者对自然状态发酵牛肉、接种金黄色葡萄球菌的发酵牛肉和接种发酵剂(植物乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌)与金黄色葡萄球菌的发酵牛肉中金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素等指标在加工过程中的变化规律做了研究。研究结果表明,自然发酵牛肉中没有金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素;接种发酵剂和金黄色葡萄球菌的发酵牛肉中金黄色葡萄球菌先是上升然后快速下降,且金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素为阴性;接种金黄色葡萄球菌的发酵牛肉中金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素都显著高于接种发酵剂的发酵牛肉(P＜0.05)。由试验结果可知,发酵剂植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑制作用。     

生物发酵豆粕及其发酵剂的研究

综述了生物发酵豆粕的作用及其特点，以及发酵剂的种类、高浓缩、高活性发酵剂的特点与关键技术等各方面的问题。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.