闭合复位、2枚空心钛钉固定治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

目的 探讨应用闭合复位、2枚空心钛钉固定治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折的临床疗效.方法 应用闭合复位、2枚空心钛钉固定治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折112例.结果 术后随访10～38个月,骨折均愈合,出现股骨头缺血性坏死14例.髋关节功能评定按Harris评分标准[1]:优29髋,良68髋,可13髋,差2髋.结论 闭合复位、2枚空心钛钉固定治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折具有创伤小、出血少、手术时间短、固定可靠、最大限度减少对股骨头血运影响等优点,疗效满意.     

空心钉内固定治疗老年股骨颈骨折45例临床分析

目的探讨空心钉在老年股骨颈骨折治疗中的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院自2008年1月至2009年12月采用空心加压钉内固定治疗老年股骨颈骨折45例。结果本组术后均得到6~36个月的随访,平均19个月。骨折愈合41例,愈合率达到93.4%。其中3例在术后1~1.5年内发生股骨头坏死,行股骨头置换术。按Harris髋关节评分标准对术后进行评估,总优良率为84.4%。结论早期的解剖复位、较小的血管损伤,坚强的内固定是老年股骨颈骨折手术成功的关键,空心钉内固定直径小,对股骨头血供影响小,能够牢固的固定骨折端,手术创伤小,是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的重要治疗手段之一。     

经皮AO加压空心螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折36例体会

目的:探讨AO空心加压螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效、手术适应证及手术方式。方法:分析36例闭合复位经皮AO空心加压螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,观察术后并发症及髋关节功能恢复情况。结果:随访34例,所有随访病例均未出现伤口感染,下肢深静脉血栓,髋、膝关节僵硬及内固定断裂、滑动、骨折不愈合和股骨头坏死。结论:闭合复位经皮AO空心加压螺纹钉内固定是治疗股骨颈骨折的有效手段,具有创伤小、手术时间短、出血少、安全实用、固定牢固等优点。     

经皮AO加压空心螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折36例体会

目的:探讨AO空心加压螺纹钉治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效、手术适应证及手术方式.方法:分析36例闭合复位经皮AO空心加压螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折患者的临床资料,观察术后并发症及髋关节功能恢复情况.结果:随访34例,所有随访病例均未出现伤口感染,下肢深静脉血栓,髋、膝关节僵硬及内固定断裂、滑动、骨折不愈合和股骨头坏死.结论:闭合复位经皮AO空心加压螺纹钉内固定是治疗股骨颈骨折的有效手段,具有创伤小、手术时间短、出血少,安全实用、固定牢固等优点.     

经皮复位空心螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨

目的探讨经皮复位空心螺纹钉手术治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法自2006年1月至2011年1月采用经皮复位空心螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折68例。结果 60例均获随访,随访时间1.5～3年,平均30个月。骨折愈合率96.66%(60/58),优良率91.66%(60/55),可/差8.33%(60/5)。结论采用早期经皮闭合复位空心螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折,由于其创伤小、手术时间短、固定牢靠、恢复快、骨折愈合率较高等优点,是治疗股骨颈骨折的重要方法,可普遍应用到临床实践中。     

闭合复位小切口空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折26例疗效观察

目的：探讨闭合复位小切口空心钉治疗股骨颈骨折的方法和疗效。方法：闭合复位透视下克氏针导向定位后经小切口空心钉固定治疗不同类型、不同年龄的股骨颈骨折26例,均按Garden分型。结果：26例均获随访,随访时间为10～27个月,平均19个月。23例获骨性愈合,1例出现不愈合,2例出现股骨头坏死,总优良率为89%。结论：采用闭合复位小切口空心钉固定股骨颈骨折,具有手术创伤小、时间短、可在伤后短时间内施行、操作简单安全、固定牢靠等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

空心螺钉内固定术治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨采用空心螺钉内固定手术治疗股骨颈骨折临床疗效。方法分析38例股骨颈骨折的患者,经闭合复位空心钉固定治疗,观察骨折愈合及术后并发症的情况。结果入选病例骨折均愈合,术后随访12～84个月,经随访确认后期发生股骨头缺血性坏死4例,骨不连2例。结论空心螺钉内固定手术治疗股骨颈骨折是一种有效的方法,具有创伤小、手术简单、安全性高、费用低等优点,适合基层医院推广使用。     

微创空心加压螺纹钉治疗中青年股骨颈骨折

目的总结中青年股骨颈骨折的微创治疗原则和疗效。方法18岁以上新鲜股骨颈骨折患者59例,在充分术前准备情况下,59例新鲜中青年股骨颈骨折采用C臂X线机监控下闭合复位AO空心钉内固定微创治疗。结果59例均获随访,随访时间6～42个月,其中51例骨折愈合且无股骨头坏死;Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型8例股骨头坏死和骨不愈合。结论闭合复位AO空心螺钉微创治疗中青年股骨颈骨折,手术创伤小、方法简便,对中青年股骨颈骨折治疗效果满意。     

闭合复位经皮微创空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的手术体会

目的探讨闭合复位经皮微创空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的手术操作技巧及疗效。方法自2008年1月至2010年1月采用闭合复位经皮微创空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折28例。结果 28例均获随访,随访时间12个月¹年6个月,平均16个月,优良率90.6%。结论闭合复位经皮微创空心钉内固定作为治疗股骨颈骨折的一种方法,由于其创伤小、手术时间短、固定牢靠、恢复快等优点,临床上值得推广应用。     

空心加压螺钉联合股方肌蒂骨瓣移植治疗不同类型股骨颈骨折疗效分析

目的 探讨用不同手术方法治疗不同类型的股骨颈骨折.方法 对基底型及经颈型股骨颈骨折采用手法复位2枚加压空心钉内固定(14例),对头下型及头颈型股骨颈骨折采用2枚加压空心钉内固定加殷方肌蒂骨瓣移植术(32例)治疗,并对疗效平均随访3年10个月.结果 股骨颈骨折愈合率为97.5%,股骨头坏死率2.4%,优良率92.6%.结论 闭合复位,加压空心钉内固定治疗经颈型及基底型股骨颈骨折;开放复位,2枚加压空心钉内固定加股方肌蒂骨瓣移植治疗股骨颈骨折头下型及头颈型,其操作简单,手术损伤小,出血少,骨折端愈合率高,股骨头坏死率低,是治疗不同类型股骨颈骨折的较为理想的方法.     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

基层医院护士在临床合理用药中的作用

目的充分利用护士在医师和患者间的特殊地位和作用,促进基层临床合理用药。方法从护士的工作性质出发,论述护士参与促进合理用药的方便和优势。结果通过实践,护士在促进合理用药中的作用得到有效发挥,基层合理用药环境得到极大改善。结论充分利用护士与医师和患者间的特殊桥梁作用,在基层医院促进合理用药,规范医师用药行为,防止药物滥用,引导患者安全用药,降低药源性疾病。