鞘内注射右美托咪啶对骨癌痛大鼠脊髓背角磷酸化cAMP反应元件结合蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪啶对骨癌痛大鼠脊髓背角磷酸化cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(p-CREB)表达的影响.方法清洁级健康成年雌性Wistar大鼠64只,体重200～240 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=16):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(BP组)、生理盐水组(NS组)和右美托眯啶组(D组).BP组、Ns组和D组采用胫骨骨髓腔注射10μl含Walker 256乳癌细胞2×106个缓冲液的方法制备大鼠骨癌痛模型,S组和BP组不作鞘内注射,NS组和D组于模型制备成功后7 d分别鞘内注射生理盐水10μl、右美托咪啶5μg/kg.分别于鞘内注射前1 d(T0)、注射前即刻(T1)、注射后1、6、12、24 h(T2-5,)时各组随机取10只大鼠,采用von Frey丝测定机械痛阈,各组余6只大鼠T4时处死取脊髓,采用免疫组化法测定脊髓背角p-CREB的表达.结果 与S组比较,BP组、NS组和D组T2～5时机械痛阈降低,T4时脊髓背角p-CREB表达上调(P＜0.05);与BP组比较,D组T2～5时机械痛阈升高,T4时脊髓背角p-CREB表达下调(P＜0.05),NS组机械痛阈和脊髓背角p-CREB表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 鞘内注射右美托咪啶可通过抑制大鼠脊髓背角CREB磷酸化减轻骨癌痛.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal (IT) dexmedetomidine on the expression of cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation (p-CREB) in spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of bone cancer pain. Methods Sixty-four adult female Wistar rats weighing 200-240 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 16 each): sham operation group (group S); bone cancer pain group (group BP); normal saline group ( group NS) ; dexmedetomidine group (group D) . Bone cancer pain was induced by injecting Walker 2S6 mammary gland carcinoma cell suspension (2 ×106 cells/ml) 10μl into the medullary cavity of the tibia in BP, NS and D groups. Groups S and BP received no IT injection. Croups NS and D received IT injection of NS 10 μl and dexme detomidine 5 μg/kg respectively 7 days after successful establishment of the model. Ten animals were selected from each group at 1 day before IT administration (T0), immediately before IT administration (T1 ) and at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after IT administration (T2-5 ) and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to mechanical stimuli was measured with von Frey filaments. The other 6 rats in each group were sacrificed at T4 and the spinal cord was removed for determination of p-CREB expression in the spinal dorsal horn.Results PWT was significantly decreased at T1-5 and pCREB expression up-regulated at T4 in BP, NS and D groups compared with group S ( P ＜ 0.05) . Compared with group BP, PWT was significantly decreased at T2-5 and p-CREB expression down-regulated at T4 in group D ( P ＜0.03), while no significant change in PWT and p-CREB expression was found in group NS (P ＞ 0.05) .Conclusion IT dexmedetomidine can reduce the bone cancer pain through inhibiting the phosphorylation of CREB in rat spinal dorsal horn.     

神经病理性痛大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达的变化

目的 评价神经病理性痛大鼠背根神经节和脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达的变化.方法 健康成年雄性SD大鼠72只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=24):对照组(C组)、假手术组(S组)和神经病理性痛组(NP组).C组不做任何处理,NP组采用结扎并剪断胫神经和腓总神经的方法制备大鼠神经病理性痛模型,S组仅切皮暴露坐骨神经但不结扎和剪断神经.于结扎后1、7、14、21 d时采用yon Frey丝测定大鼠机械痛阈.于各时点随机取6只大鼠处死后取损伤侧L5背根神经节和L4,5脊髓,采用免疫荧光标记法测定Nogo-A蛋白的表达(n=3),采用Westernblot法测定Nogo-A蛋白的表达(n=3).结果 与C组和S组比较,NP组大鼠结扎后7、14、21 d时机械痛阈降低,结扎后7、14 d时背根神经节Nogo-A蛋白表达下调,结扎后14、21 d时脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 背根神经节及脊髓背角Nogo-A蛋白可能在外周神经损伤诱发大鼠神经病理性痛过程中发挥重要作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of Nogo-A protein in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP) .Methods Seventy-two male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 24 each) : control group (group C) , sham operation group (group S) and NP group. NP was induced by ligation and severance of tibial and common fibular nerves according to the technique described by Isabelle et al. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) to von Frey filament stimulation was measured at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after ligation. Six rats in each group were randomly selected at each time point and sacrificed (3 for determination of Nogo-A protein expression by immunofluorescence, 3 for determination of Nogo-A protein expression by Western blot) . The L5 DRG and L4,5 segment of spinal cord on the injured side were removed for determination of Nogo-A protein expression by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results Compared with the groups C and S, MWT was significantly decreased at 7, 14 and 21 days after ligation, the expression of Nogo-A protein in the DRG was down-regulated at 7 and 14 days after ligation and the expression of Nogo-A protein in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regulated at 14 and 21 days after ligation ( P ＜0.05) .Conclusion The Nogo-A protein in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn may play an important role in peripheral nerve injury-induced NP in rats.     

开胸术后慢性痛大鼠脊髓背角神经元ATP敏感型钾通道表达的变化

目的 评价开胸术后慢性痛大鼠脊髓背角神经元ATP敏感型钾通道(KATP通道)表达的变化.方法 雄性SD大鼠20只,体重250～350 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为假手术组和开胸术后慢性痛组,每组10只.于术前1 d、术后1、5、10、15、20、25、30 d时分别测定机械痛阈,并行冷丙酮实验,记录1 min内大鼠后爪抓挠皮区次数;于术后30d时处死大鼠,取颈至上胸段脊髓,免疫组化法检测KATP通道的表达水平.结果 与假手术组比较,开胸术后慢性痛组大鼠术后5～如d时机械痛阈降低,术后20～30d时后爪抓挠皮区次数增加,术后30 d时胸段脊髓背角神经元KATP通道表达下调(P＜0.05).结论 开胸术后慢性痛大鼠脊髓背角神经元KATP通道表达下调,该变化可能参与了开胸术后慢性痛的病理生理机制.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the change in the expression of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats with chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP). Methods Twenty male SD rats, weighing 250-350 g, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 10 each): sham operation group and CPTP group. The animals were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. At 1 d before operation, and at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 d after operation, paw withdrawal threshold to yon Frey filament stimulation was measured and the acetone test was performed. The responses of the hindpaw to the acetone test within 1 min were recorded. The rats were sacrificed at 30 d after operation, and the cervical and upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord were removed to detect the expression of KATP channels in spinal dorsal horn neurons by immuno-histochemistry. Results Compared with sham operation group, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 5-30 d after operation, the response frequency was significantly increased at 20-30 d after operstion, and the expression of KATP channels in spinal dorsal horn neurons in the thoracic segments was down-regulsted at 30 d after operation in CPTP group ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The expression of KATP channels in spinal dorsal horn neurons is down-regulated in rots with CPTP,which may be involved in the pathophsiology mechanism of CPTP.     

大鼠骨癌痛-慢性吗啡耐受模型的建立

目的 建立大鼠骨癌痛-慢性吗啡耐受模型.方法 鞘内置管成功的成年雌性SD大鼠36只,体重180～200 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=12):假手术组(S组)、慢性吗啡耐受组(M组)和骨癌痛+慢性吗啡耐受组(BM组).BM组右侧胫骨上段骨髓腔注入Walker256癌细胞10 μl(4×102个细胞/μl)制备骨癌痛模型,M组注射热灭活的Walker256癌细胞10μl,接种后10 d开始鞘内注射吗啡20μg/kg,2次/d,连续9 d.S组仅暴露右侧胫骨上段.分别于接种Walker256癌细胞前、接种后1、3、6、9 d、给予吗啡1、3、5、7、9 d时测定机械缩足阈值(MWT)和机械缩足持续时间(MWD),并于接种后9 d时行放射学检查,进行骨质破坏评分.最后1次测定痛周后,对右侧足底进行触摸刺激,停止刺激后3 h时取脊髓L4-6节段,测定脊髓背角Foa表达水平.结果 与S组比较,M组MWT降低,MWD延长,脊髓背角Fos表达上调(P＜0.05或0.01);与M组比较,BM组MWT降低,骨质破坏评分升高,MWD延长,脊髓背角Fos表达上调(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 成功制备了大鼠骨癌痛-慢性吗啡耐受模型.

Abstract：

Objective To establish a rat model of bone cancer pain-chronic morphine tolerance. Methods Thirty-six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200 g in which intrathecal catheters were successfully placed without complications were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 12 each) :group sham operation (group S),group chronic morphine tolerance (group M) and group bone cancer pain + chronic morphine tolerance (group BM). Bone cancer pain was induced by intra-tibia inoculation of Walker256 mammary gland carcinoma cells (4 ×102 cells/μl) in group BM, while in group M heat-inactivated Walker256 mammary gland carcinoma cells were given instead, and then 10 days later, intrathecal morphine 20 μg,/kg was administered twice a day for 9 consecutive days. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and mechanical paw withdrawal duration (MWD) were measured before inoculation, at day 1, 3, 6 and 9 after inoculation, and at day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 of morphine administration. The degree of bone destruction was assessed by radiological analysis at day 9 after inoculation. After the last measurement of pain threshold, the rats were given innoxious touch-stimulus. The rats were sacrificed 3 h after stopping the stimulus, and L4-6 segment of the spinal cord was isolated to determine the expression of Fos protein in the spinal dorsal horn. Results Compared with group S, MWT was significantly decreased, MWD was significantly prolonged and the expression of Fos protein was up-regulated in group M ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). MWT was significantly decreased, MWD was significantly prolonged, bone destruction scores were significantly increased,and the expression of Fos protein was up-regulated in group BM compared with group M ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). Conclusion A rat model of bone cancer pain-chronic morphine tolerance is successfully established.     

炎性痛-慢性吗啡耐受大鼠脊髓背角谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运体表达的变化

目的 探讨炎性痛-慢性吗啡耐受大鼠脊髓背角谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运体(GLAST)表达的变化.方法 取鞘内置管成功的雄性SD大鼠30只,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=10):生理盐水组(NS组)、关节炎组(A组)和关节炎+吗啡组(AM组).NS组于左后足踝关节腔注射生理盐水50μl,其余组注射完全弗氏佐剂50μl.3 d后分别经鞘内注射生理盐水10μl(NS组和A组)、吗啡10μg(AM组),药物容量10μl,2次/d,连续7 d.于鞘内给药前、鞘内开始给药后2、4、6、8 d(T0～4)时测定机械痛阈,于T4时痛阈测定后取脊髓,测定脊髓背角GLAST表达.结果 与NS组比较,其余两组机械痛阈降低,AM组脊髓背角GLAST表达下调(P＜0.05).与A组比较,AM组T3.4时机械痛阈差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),GLAST表达下调(P＜0.05).结论 炎性痛大鼠慢性吗啡耐受的形成与脊髓背角GLAST功能降低有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of glutamate-aspartste transporter in spinal dorsal horn in rats with inflammatory pain and chronic morphine tolerance. Methods Thirty healthy male SD rats in which intrathecal (IT) catheters were successfully placed without complications were randomized into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): normal saline group ( group NS), arthritis group ( group A), and arthritis + morphine group (group AM). NS 50 μl was injected into the ankle joint of the left hindlimb in group NS, while complete Freund's adjuvant was injected in the other two groups instead. After 3 days, group NS and A received IT NS 10 μl twice a day for 7 consecutive days, group AM IT morphine 10 μg (10 μl) twice a day for 7 consecutive days. Mechanical pain threshold (MPT) was measured before IT administration and at day 2, 4, 6 and 8 after IT administration (T0-4). The animals were sacrificed after the last MPT measurement. The spinal cords were isolated for determination of GLAST expression in spinal dorsal horn. Results Compared with group NS, MPT was significantly decreased in the other groups and GLAST expression was down-regulated in group AM (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group A, no significant change was found in MPT at T3,4 (P ＞ 0.05), while GLAST expression was down-regulated in group AM ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The development of chronic morphine tolerance is related to the decrease in the function of GLAST in spinal dorsal horn in rats with inflammatory pain.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓趋化因子配体2在大鼠胫骨癌痛中的作用

目的 探讨脊髓趋化因子配体2(CCL2)在大鼠骨癌痛中的作用.方法 健康成年雌性SD大鼠84只,体重160～ 180g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=28):正常对照组(C组)、假手术组(S组)和骨癌痛组(P组).P组胫骨骨髓腔内注射Walker-256乳腺癌细胞混悬液制备大鼠胫骨癌痛模型;S组胫骨骨髓腔内注射生理盐水;C组不作任何处理.于接种前ld、接种后l、3、7、10、14和21 d时,测定机械性刺激阈值.于接种前ld、接种后7、14和21'd时痛阈测定结束后,各组随机处死6只大鼠,取L4～6脊髓组织,采用ELISA法测定CCL2含量,反映其表达.接种后14 d时痛阈测定结束后,P组随机取4只大鼠,采用免疫荧光双标染色法观察脊髓背角CCL2与离子钙接头蛋白分子-1(小胶质细胞特异性标记物)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(星形胶质细胞特异性标记物)和神经元特异核蛋白(神经元特异性标记物)的共表达情况.结果 与C组和S组相比,P组接种后7～21 d时机械性刺激痛阚下降,接种后7、14和21 d时脊髓CCL2表达上调(P＜0.05).骨癌痛大鼠脊髓背角CCL2在小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞中存在表达,而在神经元中无表达.结论 脊髓小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞中释放的CCL2参与了大鼠胫骨癌痛的发生发展.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用.方法 健康雄性C3H/He小鼠40只,周龄8～10周,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(B组)、PBS组(P组)和米诺环素组(M组).S组跟骨骨髓腔内注射PBS 10 μl;余3组跟骨骨髓腔内注射含2×105个骨纤维肉瘤细胞的PBS 10 μl制备骨癌痛模型,于造模前即刻开始PBS组鞘内注射PBS 5μl,M组鞘内注射米诺环素(用PBS溶解为0.2 mmol/L)5μl,1次/d,连续11 d.于造模前1 d、造模后即刻、3、5、7、9、11 d时测定机械痛阈;于造模后3、7、9、11 d机械痛阈测定结束后测定冷痛阈.痛阈测定结束后处死小鼠,取脊髓组织,测定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和CD11b的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,B组和P组造模后3-11 d时、M组造模后3、5 d时机械痛阈升高,B组、P组和M组造模后7～11 d时冷痛阈升高,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达上调(P<0.05).与B组比较,M组造模后3-11 d时机械痛阈降低,造模后7-11 d时冷痛阈降低,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达下调(P<0.05).结论 脊髓胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的激活参与了小鼠骨癌痛的形成.     

μ受体在抗神经生长因子抗体减轻大鼠骨癌痛中的作用

目的 评价μ受体在抗神经生长因子抗体(anti-NGF)减轻大鼠骨癌痛中的作用.方法 实验一健康雌性SD大鼠60只,体重200～220 g,随机分为4组(n=15):假手术组(S组)、假手术+anti-NGF组(SN组)、骨癌痛组(P组)和骨癌痛+anti-NGF组(PN组).P组和PN组于左侧胫骨上段骨髓腔内注射10μl Walker256乳腺癌细胞(1×105个)制备骨癌痛模型;S组和SN组于左侧胫骨上段注射PBS 10μl.于肿瘤细胞接种后13 d时,进行鞘内置管.鞘内置管成功后3 d,SN组和PN组鞘内注射anti-NGF 10μg(用生理盐水稀释至10μl),S组和P组鞘内注射生理盐水10μl,2次/d,连续5 d.于肿瘤细胞接种前、肿瘤细胞接种后13、16、18、21 d时测定自发缩足次数(NSF)、热缩足潜伏期(PWL)和机械性痛阈(PWT).肿瘤细胞接种后21 d时,处死大鼠,取L4.5段脊髓背角和背根神经节,测定μ受体及其mRNA的表达.实验二健康雌性SD大鼠30只,体重200～220 g,随机分为2组(n=15):骨癌痛+anti-NGF组(PN组)和骨癌痛+纳洛酮+anti-NGF组(PNN组).于左侧胫骨上段骨髓腔内注射10μlWalker256乳腺癌细胞(1×105个)制备骨癌痛模型.于肿瘤细胞接种后13 d时,进行鞘内置管.鞘内置管成功后3 d,PN组鞘内注射鞘内注入anti-NGF 10μg(生理盐水稀释至25μl);PNN组鞘内注射纳洛酮10μg(生理盐水稀释至25μl),0.5 h后,鞘内注射anti-NGF 10μg(生理盐水稀释至25 μl),2次/d,连续5 d.于肿瘤细胞接种前、肿瘤细胞接种后13、16、18、21 d时测定大鼠NSF、PWL和PWT.结果 实验一与S组比较,SN组NSF、PWL和PWT差异无统计学意义,SN组和PN组μ受体及其mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),P组和PN组瘤细胞接种后13～21 d时NSF增加,PWL缩短,PWT降低,P组μ受体及其mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05或0.01);与P组比较,PN组肿瘤细胞接种后18～21 d时NSF减少,PWL延长,PWT升高,μ受体及其mRNA表达上调(P＜0.05或0.01).实验二与PN组比较,PNN组肿瘤细胞接种后18～21 d时NSF增加,PWL缩短,PWT降低(P＜0.05或0.01).结论 anti-NGF减轻大鼠骨癌痛与μ受体的激活有关.     

鞘内注射γ-氨基丁酸转运体抑制剂NO-711在骨癌痛大鼠脊髓水平印制磷酸化细胞外信号周节激酶1/2的上调

目的 探讨脊髓水平脊髓细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(extracellular regulated kinase 1/2,ERK1/2)活化在大鼠骨癌痛发生中的作用.方法 实验1:雌性SD大鼠48只,体重160 g～200 g,按随机数字表法分成2组(每组24只),A组(对照组)、B组(模型组).采用胫骨上段骨髓腔接种Wa...     

骨癌痛诱发大鼠焦虑样行为和前扣带回脑区NR2B的上调表达

目的研究骨癌痛(bone cancer pain,BCP)对大鼠情绪的影响和前扣带回皮质(anterior cingulate cortex,ACC)处N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(N-Methyl-D-Aspartate,NMDA)受体NR2B亚基表达量的关系。方法选择健康3月龄雄性Wistar大鼠150只,体重200~250g,随机分为假手术组(S组)、BCP模型组(BCP组)和模型腹腔注射NR2B拮抗剂RO25-6981组(RO组),每组50只。BCP模型采用右侧胫骨注射Walker 256乳腺癌细胞的方法制备,S组注射等量d-hanks液。RO组于造模后经腹腔注射RO25-6981(5mg·kg-1·d-1),S组和BCP组注射等量生理盐水。三组大鼠分别于造模前1d和造模后3、7、10和14d测右侧后足底机械缩足阈值(MWT)和热缩足反射潜伏期(TWL)。每次痛阈检测后,通过高架十字迷宫观测BCP对大鼠情绪的影响,计算开放臂进入次数(OE)百分比、开放臂停留时间(OT)百分比,造模后第14天待高架十字迷宫实验完成后,取大鼠ACC组织采用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫荧光方法检测NR2B的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果 S组和RO组各指标差异均无统计学意义。术后7、10、14dBCP组MWT明显低于、TWL明显短于术前1d及S组和RO组(P0.05);BCP组OE和OT明显低于术前1d及S组和RO组(P0.05),ACC脑区NR2BmRNA相对吸光度、NR2B蛋白表达、NR2B荧光密度明显高于S组和RO组(P0.05)。结论BCP可致大鼠痛厌恶焦虑样行为,其机制可能与ACC脑区的NR2B表达上调有关。     

骨癌痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶Cγ表达的变化

目的 探讨骨癌痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶Cγ(PKCγ)表达的变化.方法 成年雌性Wistar大鼠48只,随机分为3组(n=16):对照组、假手术组和骨癌痛组.对照组不给予任何处理,骨癌痛组右侧胫骨上部骨髓腔内注射Walker 256乳腺癌细胞10μl制作骨癌痛模型;假手术组同部位注射热灭活的Walker 256乳腺癌细胞10μl.各组于术前1 d、术后3、6、9、12、15、18和21 d时测定术侧后爪机械痛阈,并于术前1 d、术后6、15和21 d时各处死4只大鼠,取L_(4～6)脊髓组织,采用免疫组化法测定脊髓背角PKCγ的表达水平.结果 与术前1 d时比较,骨癌痛组术后PKCγ表达上调,术后15 d时达最大值(P<0.05);与对照组和假手术组比较,骨癌痛组术后机械痛阈降低,PKCγ表达上调(P<0.05);PKCγ表达水平与机械痛阈呈负相关(r=-0.984,P<0.05).结论 骨癌痛大鼠脊髓背角PKCγ表达上调,该变化可能参与了骨癌痛的维持.     

脊髓背角γ-氨基丁酸转运体-1在大鼠骨癌痛中的作用

目的 评价脊髓背角γ-氨基丁酸转运体-1 (GAT-1)在大鼠骨癌痛中的作用.方法 清洁级健康雌性SD大鼠80只,体重150～180 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为5组(n=16):假手术组(Ⅰ组);骨癌痛组(Ⅱ组)采用胫骨上段骨髓腔接种Walker-256乳腺癌细胞的方法制备大鼠骨癌痛模型;假手术+ GAT-1选择性抑制剂NO-711组(Ⅲ组)和骨癌痛+NO-711(Ⅳ组)于术后第14天鞘内注射NO-711 20 μg,1次.d,连续3d;骨癌痛+生理盐水组(Ⅴ组)于术后第14天鞘内注射10μl生理盐水,1次/d,连续3d.于术前1d、术后第3、5、7、10、14、16天时测定大鼠机械痛阈,术后第16天机械痛阈测定后处死大鼠,取腰段脊髓,采用Western blot法检测脊髓GAT-1的表达,采用免疫荧光双标法观察Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组大鼠患侧脊髓GAT-1和星形胶质细胞标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫反应阳性产物的共表达.结果 与Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组比较,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组术后第7～ 16天机械痛阈降低,Ⅱ组和Ⅴ组术后GAT-1表达上调(P＜0.05);与Ⅱ组和Ⅴ组比较,Ⅳ组术后第16天鞘内给药后机械痛阈升高,脊髓背角GAT-1表达下调(P＜0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组患侧脊髓GFAP和GAT-1共表达增加(P＜0.05).结论 脊髓背角GAT-1的表达上调参与了大鼠骨癌痛的形成与维持,该作用可能与脊髓星形胶质细胞的活化有关.     

骨癌痛大鼠脊髓NF-κB、IL-6和TNF-α表达的变化

目的 评价骨癌痛大鼠脊髓NF-κB、IL-6和TNF-α表达的变化.方法 雌性健康SD大鼠72只,体重150～180 g,随机分为3组(n=24):对照组(C组)、假手术组(S组)和骨癌痛组(BP组).BP组于大鼠左侧胫骨干骺端骨髓腔内注射5μl Walker 256(1×105)乳腺癌细胞制备骨癌痛模型,S组左胫骨上端注射Hank液5μl.分别于肿瘤细胞接种前、接种后2、4、6、9、12、14、16、18和21 d时测定机械阈值.分别于肿瘤细胞接种后6、12和18 d时,处死3只大鼠,取L4-6脊髓组织,采用RT-PCR法测定NF-κB p65 mRNA、IL-6 mRNA和TNF-α mRNA的表达;另处死3只大鼠,取L4-6脊髓组织,计数NF-κBp65阳性细胞,采用免疫组化法测定NF-κB p65表达.结果 与C组和S组比较,BP组机械痛阈降低,脊髓NF-κB p65及其mRNA、IL-6 mRNA和TNF-αmRNA的表达上调,NF-κB p65阳性细胞计数增加(P＜0.05或0.01);C组和S组间上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 大鼠胫骨骨髓腔内注射肿瘤细胞通过激活脊髓NF-κB,导致炎性细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α大量释放,从而诱发骨癌痛.     

骨癌痛小鼠痛行为及脊髓背角磷酸化环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白和脑源性神经营养因子表达的改变

目的 通过观察骨癌痛小鼠痛行为学的变化,磷酸化环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白（phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein,pCREB）和脑源性神经营养因子（brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF）在脊髓背角中表达的变化,探讨pCREB和BDNF在骨癌痛产生和维持中的作用. 方法 52只雄性C3H/HeJ小鼠,采用随机数字表法分为骨癌痛组（T组）和假手术组（S组）,每组26例.T组小鼠右侧股骨骨髓腔内注射含2×10^5个纤维肉瘤细胞的20μl最小必须培养基（α-minimal essence medium,α-MEM）,而S组注入不含肿瘤细胞的20μ1α-MEM,分别于接种肿瘤细胞前1d、接种后第4、7、10、14、21天测定自发抬足次数（spontaneous lifting times,SLTs）和机械缩足阈值（paw withdrawal mechanical threshold,PWMT）.按照分组在相应时间点处死小鼠,用免疫印迹法测定小鼠L3～5脊髓背角pCREB和BDNF的蛋白表达水平. 结果 与术前基础值和S组比较：接种后7、10、14、21d,T组小鼠SLTs[（4.43±0.91）,（7.10±1.03）,（11.27±1.35）,（13.03±0.58）次]显著增加（P＜0.05）;接种后10、14、21 d,T组小鼠PWMT[（0.63±0.20）、（0.32±0.12）、（0.24±0.12）g]明显下降（P＜0.05）,脊髓背角pCREB[（3.78±0.58）、（3.92±0.46）、（4.92±0.37）]和BDNF[（2.13±0.31）、（2.88±0.15）、（2.58±0.41）]的表达显著增加（P＜0.05）. 结论 骨癌痛小鼠脊髓背角pCREB和BDNF表达增加,并且与痛行为学的改变具有相关性,提示其可能参与了骨癌痛的产生和维持.