急诊介入栓塞治疗骨盆骨折小动脉损伤隐匿性出血

目的探讨急诊介入栓塞治疗骨盆骨折小动脉损伤隐匿性出血的临床价值。方法回顾性分析14例骨盆骨折小动脉损伤隐匿性出血患者的资料。14例均接受急诊介入栓塞止血,栓塞材料为明胶海绵颗粒、微弹簧圈。结果 14例动脉期造影均未见明显对比剂染色或积聚,延迟期共发现34条小动脉中远端表现为少量对比剂轻度染色或积聚,超选择性插管造影可见明显对比剂外溢。对34条出血小动脉均成功栓塞止血。术后2例患者因失血性休克、严重酸中毒及多脏器衰竭死亡。结论对骨盆骨折小动脉损伤隐匿性出血患者,超选择性介入栓塞是有效止血措施,延迟期造影有利于提高对小动脉损伤的检出率。     

介入治疗骨盆骨折大出血(附44例报告)

目的 探讨介入栓塞髂内动脉治疗骨盆骨折大出血的可行性。方法 对44例骨盆骨折大出血合并失血性休克的患者进行动脉造影,发现41例髂内动脉或其分支出血,并对出血动脉进行了栓塞。结果 41例髂内动脉栓塞中39例成功,2例栓塞成功后血压又下降,终因失血性休克而死亡。结论 介入栓塞出血血管是治疗骨盆骨折大出血行之有效的措施,具有快速、准确、干扰小的优点。     

介入治疗骨盆骨折大出血（附44例报告）

目的 探讨介入栓塞髂内动脉治疗骨盆骨折大出血的可行性。方法 对44例骨盆骨折大出血合并失血性休克的患者进行动脉造影，发现41例髂内动脉或其分支出血，并对出血动脉进行了栓塞。结果 41例髂内动脉栓塞中39例成功，2例栓塞成功后血压又下降，终因失血性休克而死亡。结论 介入栓塞出血血管是治疗骨盆骨折大出血行之有效的措施，具有快速、准确、干扰小的优点。     

选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗产后出血

目的观察选择性子宫动脉栓塞治疗产后出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析21例接受选择性子宫动脉栓塞的产后出血患者,均伴有失血性休克,应用明胶海绵碎屑进行栓塞。结果栓塞术后,所有患者出血停止,血压上升,心率减慢,血红蛋白上升,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后随访1年,无复发出血及严重并发症发生。结论选择性子宫动脉栓塞是治疗产后出血微创、有效的方法。     

急诊髂内动脉介入栓塞联合外固定术治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折伴出血性休克效果分析

目的 探讨急诊髂内动脉介入栓塞术与外固定术联合治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折伴出血性休克的效果及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2021年3月至2023年3月于本院急诊科治疗的不稳定性骨盆骨折伴出血性休克患者82例的临床资料，依据术式不同分为观察组与对照组，分别41例。观察组接受髂内动脉介入栓塞术与外固定术治疗，对照组仅接受外固定术治疗。比较两组术后4 h创伤严重程度量表（ISS）、ICU治疗时间、术后止血成功率、存活率及术后4 h凝血功能指标[包括凝血酶时间（TT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、活化部分凝血酶原时间（APTT）]，统计观察组患者动脉介入栓塞术相关并发症发生状况。结果 观察组术后4 h ISS评分、ICU治疗时间明显低/短于对照组，术后止血成功率、存活率明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；术后4 h，观察组TT、APTT明显低于对照组，PT、FIB明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组术后未见动脉介入栓塞术严重并发症，仅有3例出现术区疼痛、轻度发热等轻度不良反应，均于2～5 d后消失，且未干预。结论 急诊髂内动脉介入栓塞术同外固...     

经皮微创内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折

目的:探讨经皮微创内固定技术治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的临床疗效.方法:2005年1月至2009年1月,行经皮微创内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折48例,男31例,女17例;年龄12～66岁,平均37.8岁.致伤原因:车祸伤29例,高处坠落伤14例,挤压伤5例.骨折类型按Tile分型:B1型4例,B2型3例,C1型25例,C2型14例,C3型2例.48例患者分别采用经皮骶髂螺钉(其中耻骨支螺钉固定16例、耻骨联合螺钉固定4例),重建钢板(其中耻骨支螺钉固定20例、耻骨联合螺钉固定8例)微创内固定治疗.术后通过X线观察患者复位情况并根据Majeed功能评分标准对疗效进行评定.结果:48例患者均获得随访,时间12～39个月,平均17个月.未发生切口感染、血管神经损伤、内固定松动及断裂、骨不愈合等并发症.解剖复位29例,满意复位18例,复位不满意1例.根据Majeed功能评价:优29例,良15例,可4例,优良率为91.7%.结论:经皮微创内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折手术创伤小,出血少,术后并发症少,骨折愈合率高,固定可靠,患者功能恢复满意,是治疗骨盆骨折的有效手段,但对操作者要求高.     

介入栓塞序贯外固定架固定在抢救Tile C型骨盆骨折合并休克患者时的应用价值

目的探讨介入栓塞序贯外固定架固定在抢救Tile C型骨盆骨折合并休克患者时的临床应用价值及应用时机选择。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2018-06抢救的145例Tile C型骨盆骨折合并休克患者,53例在输血、补液扩容、升压等抗休克治疗的同时进行单纯介入栓塞治疗(单纯栓塞组),45例急诊行介入栓塞后序贯行外固定架固定(栓塞后固定组),47例骨科医师确定血压允许情况下行外固定架固定后再介入栓塞治疗(固定后栓塞组)。结果单纯栓塞组21例(39.6%)因休克抢救无效而死亡,栓塞后固定组2例(4.4%)因休克纠正不及时死亡,固定后栓塞组中5例(10.6%)死亡。与单纯栓塞组、固定后栓塞组比较,栓塞后固定组输血量、去甲肾上腺素用量更少,栓塞后4 h血乳酸水平更低,休克纠正时间更短,病死率更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论介入栓塞序贯行外固定架固定既可以控制动脉出血,又可以稳定骨盆环控制静脉出血,具有确切的临床应用价值,符合多发伤救治的损伤控制理念。     

介入栓塞术在头颈部肿瘤放疗后出血中的应用

目的评价介入栓塞术用于治疗头颈部肿瘤放疗后出血的可行性及安全性。方法收集20例因头颈部肿瘤放疗后大出血患者,对所有患者介入栓塞治疗,观察介入栓塞术的疗效及并发症。结果 20例患者共接受介入栓塞治疗21次;4例患者出血责任血管为颈内动脉,采用弹簧圈栓塞颈内动脉载瘤段,15例患者责任血管为上颌动脉分支,采用明胶海绵或聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒栓塞;1例患者为右侧甲状腺下动脉分支假性动脉瘤,采用PVA颗粒及弹簧圈栓塞。对所有患者治疗均有效,随访期内均未出现严重并发症。结论介入栓塞术治疗头颈部肿瘤放疗后出血有效、安全。     

医源性动脉出血的介入栓塞治疗

目的探讨介入栓塞治疗医源性动脉出血的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我科35例医源性动脉出血、接受介入栓塞治疗患者的临床及影像资料,观察介入栓塞治疗医源性动脉出血的疗效。结果对35例外科术后动脉出血患者均成功进行介入栓塞治疗。5例肠道术后出血DSA示局部血管紊乱,其中3例见少量对比剂外漏进入肠管,给予适量明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞;余30例DSA均可见对比剂外漏,其中17例伴假性动脉瘤形成,均采用微弹簧圈予以栓塞。随访10～15天,33例出血停止,2例肠道术后出血患者仍有持续性少量便血,进行再次手术止血治疗。所有患者均未发生器官缺血坏死等严重并发症。结论介入栓塞治疗医源性动脉出血具有一定优势;对于外科术后导致动脉出血、尤其是病情危重的患者,采取介入栓塞治疗具有较好的临床应用价值。     

经皮骶髂螺钉与骶髂关节前方钢板固定治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折的对比研究

 目的 比较骨盆骨折合并骶髂关节脱位经皮空心螺钉内固定与切开复位重建钢板内固定治疗的临床疗效, 并评价其安全性和实用性。方法 2004年 3月至 2010年 10月, 收治 37例不稳定 性骨盆骨折。在野C冶型臂 X线机引导下, 20例患者接受经皮骶髂关节螺钉内固定, 17例患者接受切开复 位重建钢板内固定, 比较和分析两组的围手术期参数和术后影像学指标。结果 对全部病例随访 6~26 个月, 平均 15个月。经皮螺钉组与切开钢板组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛程度、术后平均发热 时间和住: 时间等方面比较差异均有统计学意义, 两组根据术后 X线评价的复位效果差异无统计学意 义。骨折平均愈合时间: 经皮螺钉组为 32个月, 切开钢板组为 36个月, 两组差异无统计学意义。经皮 螺钉组无感染、弯钉及断钉等并发症发生。结论 经皮骶髂空心螺钉内固定术治疗骨盆骨折具有定位 准确、损伤小、出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快等优点, 是一种理想的微创手术方法, 前后环固定适用于骨折及 脱位不明显者;该术式对术者操作技术要求较高, 充分的术前准备及患者术后配合能减少并发症发生。 重建钢板或桡骨远端野T冶形钢板可用于固定垂直不稳定性骨盆骨折。     

短节段经皮微创与传统椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗伴后方韧带复合体损伤的胸腰椎骨折的比较

目的 :探讨短节段经皮微创与常规切开椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗伴后方韧带复合体损伤的胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法:对2013年2月至2014年8月收治的伴后方韧带复合体损伤的32例不稳定胸腰椎骨折进行回顾性分析,均为单节段椎体骨折,其中男13例,女19例;年龄25~55岁。根据治疗方法不同分为两组,15例采用经皮微创椎弓根螺钉固定(微创组),17例采用常规切开椎弓根螺钉内固定(传统组)。观察两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、带支具离床时间及术后24 h肌酸激酶数值;比较两组患者术后VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数;测量并计算椎体恢复高度、后凸Cobb角。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间8~14个月,平均12.3个月。微创组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、带支具离床时间、术后24 h肌酸激酶数值均少于传统组。微创组术后1~3 d的VAS评分小于传统组,术后3个月ODI指数优于传统组。两组术后的椎体恢复高度和后凸Cobb角差异无统计学意义。结论:经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定技术符合微创原则,在治疗单节段伴有后方韧带复合体损伤的胸腰椎骨折是安全的,有良好的临床疗效。     

骶髂关节螺钉联合前环耻骨支螺钉在Tile B型骨盆骨折中的应用

目的 :探讨微创经皮骨盆前环耻骨支螺钉固定在Tile B型骨折中的应用及疗效。方法 :回顾性分析自2010年5月至2015年8月收治的骨盆后环损伤伴前环耻骨支、坐骨支骨折患者56例,其中男31例,女25例;年龄35~65岁,平均36.8岁。按Tile分型:B1型13例,B2型28例,B3型15例。26例采用骶髂螺钉联合外固定架治疗(外固定架组),30例采用骶髂螺钉联合前柱螺钉治疗(耻骨支螺钉组),从术中出血量、术后并发症、术后下地时间、骨折愈合情况、Majeed骨盆功能评分和视觉模拟评分(visual aualogue scale,VAS)等方面进行对比分析。结果:54例获得随访,时间3~24个月,平均12个月,两组术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),耻骨支螺钉组术后下床时间、骨折愈合时间明显短于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。耻骨支螺钉组术后平均Majeed及VAS评分明显高于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。耻骨支螺钉组并发症发生率明显低于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :骶髂螺钉联合经皮耻骨支螺钉在治疗骨盆后环损伤伴前环耻骨支、坐骨支骨折的Tile B型骨盆骨折中具有术后下地时间早、疼痛减轻、并发症少等优点,是一种有效安全的治疗方法,能提高术后肢体功能,且有效减少术后并发症的发生。     

Control of severe hemorrhage using C-clamp and arterial embolization in hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic ring disruption

Introduction

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of death in patients with a pelvic fracture. The majority of blood loss derives from injured retroperitoneal veins and broad cancellous bone surfaces. The emergency management of multiply injured patients with pelvic ring disruption and severe hemorrhage remains controversial. Although it is well accepted that the displaced pelvic ring injury must be rapidly reduced and stabilized, the methods by which control of hemorrhagic shock is achieved remain under discussion. It has been proposed to exclusively use external pelvic ring stabilization for control of hemorrhage by producing a ‘tamponade effect’ of the pelvis. However, the frequency of clinically important arterial bleeding after external fixation of the pelvic ring remains unclear. We therefore undertook this retrospective review to attempt to answer this one important question: How frequently is arterial embolization necessary to control hemorrhage and restore hemodynamic stability after external pelvic ring fixation?

Materials and methods

We performed a retrospective review of 55 consecutive patients who presented with unstable types B and C pelvic ring fractures. Those patients designated as being in hemorrhagic shock (defined as a systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg after receiving 2 L of intravenous crystalloid) were treated by application of the pelvic C-clamp. Patients who remained in hemorrhagic shock, or were determined to be in severe shock (defined as mandatory catecholamines or more than 12 blood transfusions over 2 h), underwent therapeutic angiography within 24 h in order to control bleeding.

Results

Fourteen patients were identified as being hemodynamically unstable (ISS 30.1±11.3 points) and were treated with a C-clamp. In those patients with persistent hemodynamic instability, arterial embolization was performed. After C-clamp application, 5 of 14 patients required therapeutic angiography to control bleeding. Two patients died, one from multiple sources of bleeding and the other from an open pelvic fracture (total mortality 2/14, 14%).

Conclusions

Although the C-clamp is effective in controlling hemorrhage, one must be aware of the need for arterial embolization to restore hemodynamic stability in a select subgroup of patients.

     

Minimally Invasive 360° Fusion Using a Combination of INFIX and Minimally Invasive Spinopelvic Fixation by Intraoperative Computed Tomography Navigation for Unstable Pelvic Ring Fracture: A Technical Note

Objective

Fluoroscopy is often used in the surgery of unstable pelvic ring fractures, and improved safety in implant placement is an issue. An anterior subcutaneous pelvic fixator (INFIX) combined with a percutaneous screw has been reported to be a minimally invasive and effective surgical technique for unstable pelvic ring injuries. However, although percutaneous screw fixation is minimally invasive, its indications for fracture fixation and fractures with large fragment displacements in the vertical plane remain controversial. Therefore, this technical note aims to describe a new technique for unstable pelvic ring fractures.

Methods

We describe a 360° fusion of the pelvic ring to treat unstable pelvic ring fractures, including vertical shear pelvic ring fractures, using an intraoperative CT navigation system. Seven patients were treated with 360° fusion for type C pelvic ring fractures. In surgery, after reducing the fracture with external fixation, intraoperative CT navigation is used to perform a 360° fusion with INFIX and minimally invasive surgical spinopelvic fixation (MIS-SPF). We will introduce a typical case and explain the procedure.

Results

A 360° fixation was performed, and no perioperative complications were noted. The mean blood loss was 253.2 ± 141.0 mL, and the mean operative time was 224.3 ± 67.4 min. In a typical case, bone union was obtained 1 year after surgery, and we removed all implants.

Conclusions

MIS-SPF has a strong fixation force and helps reduce fractures' horizontal and vertical planes. In addition, 360° fusion with intraoperative CT navigation may help treat unstable pelvic ring fractures.     

闭合复位内固定联合外固定架治疗不稳定骨盆骨折

目的:探讨经皮螺钉内固定联合外固定架治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法:自2006年4月至2009年5月,采用闭合复位内固定联合外固定架治疗29例旋转不稳定型骨盆骨折患者,男19例,女10例;年龄19～53岁,平均31岁。按照Tile分型:C1型17例,C2型12例。术后采用Tornetta标准和Majeed功能评分进行疗效评价。结果:29例患者均获随访,时间10～24个月,平均16个月。术后无神经损伤及盆腔脏器损伤等并发症发生,伤口愈合好,仅1例出现钉道口感染,换药后治愈。骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间为14～18周,平均16.2周。未见螺钉松动、脱出、断裂。按照Tornetta评价,优 14例,良10例,可 4例,差 1 例。末次随访Majeed评分为87.2±11.3,优16例,良9例,可4例。结论:对于不稳定C1、C2型骨盆骨折,采用闭合复位内固定联合外固定架可以取得满意的治疗效果。     

自制器械辅助经皮伤椎固定与传统开放手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较应用自行设计的微创器械经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段固定并伤椎置钉与传统后路切开短节段固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效.方法 自2005年11月至2006年12月共收治38例胸腰椎骨折患者,男23例,女15例;年龄28～57岁,平均40岁.采用自行设计的微创器械行后路经皮椎弓根螺钉伤椎固定19例(经皮组),切开短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰段骨折19例(切开组),比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、伤椎前缘高度比值、后凸Cobb角的恢复情况、平均复位丢失率、并发症发生情况.结果 所有患者术后获13～28个月(平均24个月)随访.两组患者手术时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).经皮组术中出血量比切开组少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经皮组伤椎前缘高度和后凸Cobb角的改善情况较切开组为优,伤椎前缘高度复位丢失率明显低于切开组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术中两组均末出现医源性神经根损伤.结论 与传统后路切开短节段固定比较,应用自行设计的微创器械经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段固定并伤椎置钉具有损伤小、复位效果好、固定可靠等优点,疗效满意.

Abstract：

Objective To compare clinical effects of percutaneous short segmental pedicle screw fixation of the injured vertebra with self-designed device and conventional posterior open surgery for treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were included in this study.From November 2005 to December 2006,they were treated with the posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation of the injured vertebra with our self-designed minimally invasive device (19cases) and conventional posterior open pedicle screw fixation (19 cases),respectively.The 2 operative methods were compared in terms of operation time,bleeding volume,anterior height of the injured vertebra,Cobb angles of kyphosis,loss of correction and complications. Results All the patients were followed up from 13 to 28 months (mean,24 months) .The mean operation time for the minimally invasive group was 108.2 minutes which was not significantly different from that for the open group( 106.5 mintes) (P ＞0.05 ).The mean bleeding volume for the minimally invasive group was 110 mL which was significantly smaller than that for the open group (287 mL) ( P ＜ 0.05) .For the minimally invasive group,the mean anterior height of the compressed vertebral bodies was restored from 51.9％ to 95.4％ of the normal height,the mean Cobb angle was corrected from 15.8° to 5.7°,and the mean late loss of correction was 11.1％.All these indexes were significantly better than those for the open group (P＜0.05 ). Conclusion In treatment of thoracolumbar fractures,compared with conventional posterior open surgery,the posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation of the injured vertebra with our self-designed minimally invasive device can lead to less damage,more effective reduction,more reliable fixation and better outcomes.