梯形聚苯基倍半硅氧烷/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯溶液浇注共混物的相容性

用溶液浇注法制备了具有不同质量配比的高分子量、低分子量梯形聚苯基倍半硅氧烷（ＰＰＳＱ）与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）的共混物。用扭辫分析技术研究了不同分子量ＰＰＳＱ与ＰＭＭＡ间的相容性及热历史对其相容性的影响。ＰＰＳＱ、ＰＭＭＡ在其溶液浇注膜中是部分相容的。红外光谱分析表明，低分子量的ＰＰＳＱ（Ｙ）与ＰＭＭＡ间有较强的相互作用，故其与ＰＭＭＡ的相容性比高分子量ＰＰＳＱ的好。热历史对该类溶液浇注共混体系的相容性影响较大，加热使ＰＰＳＱ（Ｙ）／ＰＭＭＡ共混物分相，但加热可增加高分子量ＰＰＳＱ与ＰＭＭＡ间的相容性。     

行业动向

ＡＰＳ的发展速度减慢 虽然高级照相系统自１９９６年推出以来，一直保持着持续的增长，并且对３５ｍｍ的市场份额有所影响，但在使用量上ＡＰＳ产品仍被３５ｍｍ产品远远地抛在了后面。ＡＰＳ的发展现在开始趋于缓慢。 对于任何要消费者决定购买的新产品，必须使消费者建立足够的认识。根据ＰＭＡ市场研究部门或ＰＭＡ网页（ｗｗｗ．ｐｍａｉ．ｏｒｇ）提供的１９９９～２０００ＰＭＡ工业趋势报告，１９９９年只有４０６％的家庭听说过或看到过有关ＡＰＳ的任何事情。 虽然这种情况比１９９６年有所改善，据报告那时只有３０．２％的家庭…     

弱t—函数与Schweizer—klar公开问题

引入了弱ｔ－函数，给出了弱ｔ－函数普适于简单ＰＭ空间的一个充要条件，并证明了不存在普适于简单ＰＭ空间的最强ｔ－函数，在更广泛的ＰＭ空间上回答了Ｓｃｈｗｅｉｚｅｒ－Ｓｋｌａｒ公开问题。     

弱t－函数与Schweizer－Sklar公开问题

引入了弱ｔ－函数，给出了弱ｔ－函数普适于简单ＰＭ空间的一个充要条件，并证明了不存在普适于简单ＰＭ空间的最强ｔ－函数，在更广泛的ＰＭ空间上回答了Ｓｃｈｗｅｉｚｅｒ－Ｓｋｌａｒ公开问题。     

PMNT单晶电畴结构随组分与结构的变化

利用多种方法观察了弛豫型铁电单晶ＰＭＮＴ中电畴结构随组分与结构的演变过程与特征．观察发现,在ＰＭＮ－ＰＴ的三方相区内,随ＰＴ含量的增加,电畴结构表现出微畴一（亚微畴）－不规则宏畴一规则宏畴转变历程;在三方－四方相变中,非１８０°电畴发生７１°（或１０９°）宏畴－９０°宏畴的转化,同时电畴图像变得更为规则．根据不同组分ＰＭＮＴ电畴的显示特征,提出晶体的最大双折射率可以作为度量其弛豫性强弱的光学参数．观察到了电畴的分布不均匀与多级结构现象,前者与组分或结构的起伏有关,后者与多期式马氏体转变有关．本文还分析了偏光显微镜、ＤＩＣ、ＳＥＭ、ＳＥＡＭ等观察方法中电畴的成像特征．     

溶胶-凝胶法中热处理对PMNT薄膜结构的影响

研究用溶胶－凝胶方法制备ＰＭＮＴ（铌镁酸铅）薄膜的工艺过程．通过ＸＲＤ和ＳＰＭ系统地分析了热处理条件（热解温度和退火条件）与ＰＭＮＴ薄膜的形态．结晶和取向的对应关系,已建立起制备高度取向 ＰＭＮＴ薄膜的工艺．并成功地在Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ／ＳＩＯ_２／Ｓｉ衬底上制备成（１１１）取向的ＰＭＮＴ薄膜．     

SiC—TiB2复相陶瓷的EPMA—EDS图象分析

讨论了ＥＰＭＡ－ＥＤＳ图象分析技术在材料研究中的特点及分析方法，对ＳｉＣ－ＴｉＢ２复相陶瓷中的ＴｉＢ２相的尺寸，周长及所占面积等几何参数进行了分析。并研究了ＴｉＢ２相的平均直径及面积与力学性能的关系。     

改进CPM网络方法研究

本文针对ＣＰＭ网络时间计算中存在的问题，提出了基于统计劳动生产率的时间参数计算及定额工期实现概率计算方法，提出了薄弱工作的概念，使得ＣＰＭ网络更能反映工程实际及工期控制。     

SiC－TiB_2复相陶瓷的EPMA－EDS图象分析

讨论了ＥＰＭＡ－ＥＤＳ图象分析技术在材料研究中的特点及分析方法．对ＳｉＣ－ＴｉＢ_２复相陶瓷中的ＴｉＢ２相的尺寸、周长及所占面积等几何参数进行了分析，并研究了ＴｉＢ_２相的平均直径及面积与力学性能的关系．     

纳滤膜技术在螺旋霉素生产中应用初探

采用不同性能的聚酰胺类纳滤（ＮＦ膜）,对药厂生产的螺旋霉素（ＳＰＭ）发酵液进行了分离操作条件和浓缩效果的研究。膜的渗透通量,随进料流量和操作压力的提高而上升,并且随浓缩操作时间的增加和料液浓度的上升而下降,ＮＦ膜浓缩过程的初始渗透通量达２５Ｌ／（ｍ＾２·ｈ）,渗透液的ＳＰＭ效价始终为零,ＳＰＭ发酵液浓缩近一倍。改善操作条件,强化ＳＰＭ发酵液的预处理,可减轻膜表面污染程度,提高ＮＦ膜过程的分离浓缩效     

基于SPM的超媒体人机接口

当利用扫描隧道显微镜(SPM)作为一种纳米操作工具时,由于其缺乏实时的传感器信息反馈,而大大阻碍了它的广泛应用．利用超媒体人机交互接口可以解决这个问题．在纳米操作过程中,超媒体接口不但可以为操作者提供可实时更新的仿真操作场景,还可以通过力反馈手柄让操作者实时地感受到探针受到的三维纳米操作力．除此之外,操作者还可以通过该手柄直接控制探针的三维运动．最后在聚碳酸酯上进行了超媒体人机接口的纳米刻画实验．实验结果验证了该系统的有效性和效率．     

10 micrometer-scale SPM local oxidation lithography

10 micrometer-scale scanning probe microscopy (SPM) local oxidation lithography was performed on Si. In order to realize large-scale oxidation, an SPM tip with a contact length of 15 microm was prepared by focused-ion-beam (FIB) etching. The oxidation was carried out in contact mode operation with the contact force ranging from 0.1 to 2.1 microN. The applied bias voltage was 50 V, and scanning speed was varied from 10 to 200 microm/s. The scan length was 15 microm for one cycle. The influence of contact force on the large-scale oxidation was investigated. At high contact force, the Si oxide with good size uniformity was obtained even with high scanning speed. The SPM tip with larger contact length may increase the spatial dimensions of the water meniscus between the SPM tip and sample surface, resulting in the larger dimensions of the fabricated oxide. Furthermore, the throughput of large-scale oxidation reached about 10(3) microm2/s by controlling the scanning speed and contact force of the SPM tip. It is suggested that SPM local oxidation can be upscaled by using a SPM tip with large contact length.     

膜技术在处理造纸黑液污染中的应用

研究用MAE（membrane-assisted electrolysis）单阳膜技术控制造纸黑液的污染,探讨了这种膜技术从造纸黑液中回收氢氧化钠等有用化学品的途径;黑液中大量存在的硅,对离子交换膜可能产生的影响;黑液污染控制的可行性和控制的程度。研究表明：MAE单阳膜技术不但能回收有用的化学品,还可将黑液的CODCr值从112000mg／L处置到2000mg／L左右,具有明显的控制效果。     

A new and open model to share laboratories on the Internet

A new model for sharing real laboratories on the Internet and creating a virtual on-line laboratory has been developed and validated in the field of electronic measurements. Testing theories through practice is an important approach to scientific teaching, and appropriate solutions have not yet been found to support this activity in Web-based education. The on-line laboratory addresses this issue. It allows the execution via Web of real experiments and manages concurrency among users who remotely drive instruments and carry out experiments. The experimental setup can be distributed in different real laboratories, spread on a wide-area network, and controlled by local computers. Users can practice through the network and transparently to the actual locations of the devices under test in a multiuser concurrent way. The proposed paradigm increases the possibility of practice in both academic and industrial education and enriches the current experience in e-learning.     

A discrete artificial bee colony algorithm incorporating differential evolution for the flow-shop scheduling problem with blocking

A flow-shop scheduling problem with blocking has important applications in a variety of industrial systems but is underrepresented in the research literature. In this study, a novel discrete artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is presented to solve the above scheduling problem with a makespan criterion by incorporating the ABC with differential evolution (DE). The proposed algorithm (DE-ABC) contains three key operators. One is related to the employed bee operator (i.e. adopting mutation and crossover operators of discrete DE to generate solutions with good quality); the second is concerned with the onlooker bee operator, which modifies the selected solutions using insert or swap operators based on the self-adaptive strategy; and the last is for the local search, that is, the insert-neighbourhood-based local search with a small probability is adopted to improve the algorithm's capability in exploitation. The performance of the proposed DE-ABC algorithm is empirically evaluated by applying it to well-known benchmark problems. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the compared algorithms in minimizing the makespan criterion.     

A new improved artificial bee colony algorithm for ship hull form optimization

The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is a relatively new swarm intelligence-based optimization algorithm. Its simplicity of implementation, relatively few parameter settings and promising optimization capability make it widely used in different fields. However, it has problems of slow convergence due to its solution search equation. Here, a new solution search equation based on a combination of the elite solution pool and the block perturbation scheme is proposed to improve the performance of the algorithm. In addition, two different solution search equations are used by employed bees and onlooker bees to balance the exploration and exploitation of the algorithm. The developed algorithm is validated by a set of well-known numerical benchmark functions. It is then applied to optimize two ship hull forms with minimum resistance. The tested results show that the proposed new improved ABC algorithm can outperform the ABC algorithm in most of the tested problems.     

General Analytical Models of Inductance Matrices of Four-Pole Bearingless Motors With Two-Pole Controlling Windings

In this paper, after introducing the bearingless motor's working principle in brief, we analyze the magnetic field distribution principle of the bearingless motor. We then derive in detail the general analytical models of inductance matrices of a four-pole bearingless motor with two-pole controlling windings. The derived general analytical models are applicable not only to bearingless motors with a salient-pole rotor, but also to bearingless motors with a cylindrical rotor. By setting different values of salient-pole arc width parameter $rho$ in the general models of inductance, the analytical models of inductance of different types of bearingless motors, such as bearingless induction motors, bearingless synchronous reluctance motors, and bearingless surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) motors, can be derived.      

基于x86体系结构处理器的VME主控模块设计

在VME标准的阵列信号处理系统中,主控模块作为主设备具有控制、显示和数据存储的重要功能。设计了一种基于x86体系结构处理器的VME主控模块,采用双总线的设计,VME总线用作控制总线,高速LVDS总线用作数据总线,大大提高了系统各模块间的通信速度。上位机软件是利用QT在Visual Studio 2008环境下编写的,用户可以通过图形界面方便地对主控模块进行操作。该主控模块在大量的测试和系统应用中都能高效、稳定、可靠地运行,适应于更加广泛的应用。     

基于ARM的科氏质量流量计远程监控系统

设计一种基于ARM微控制器的科氏流量计远程监控系统,利用以太网组建一个控制网络,基于三维力控组态软件开发设计,上层用户可通过三维力控操作控制网络中的任何一个嵌入式设备来远程监控工作现场的科氏流量计,嵌入式设备与现场的科氏流量计之间用CAN总线挂接。该系统充分利用三维力控、ARM以及CAN总线的优点,具有较好的应用前景。     

Soble-Zernike矩亚像素边缘算子的影响因素分析

针对影响Sobel-Zernike矩算子运行速度、定位精度的有关因素进行了讨论。采用平均一自适应联合的平滑算法,显著改善了边缘定位精度,其实质在于消噪和锐化边缘。推导出边缘点新、旧判据amp和k间的关系式,在,取值较小时,k／amp恒等于1．5,可见amp对检测精度的影响可以忽略。分析结果表明,当图像中边缘点比率为87．75％时,Sobel-Zernike矩和Zernike矩算子的运行时间相等,由于实际图像中边缘点所占比率不会超过50％,故前者的运行时间总是小于后者。