气-液-固磁稳定床研究进展

综述了气-液-固磁稳定床的研究进展,涉及流体力学特性、传质过程、返混与扩散等.兼有固定床和流化床优点的磁稳定床具有压降低,传质系数高等优点,已在石油、化工及环境等领域获得了应用.指出今后应加强气-液-固磁稳定床的传热特性与传热机理、传质机理、流场模拟技术、固相摆动速度及其对流动、传热和传质的影响、局部流动稳态与瞬态性能、工业反应器用磁场发生装置优化设计的研究.     

液固磁稳定床中的传热与传质特性研究

以电化学方法测定了SRNA-4催化剂为固相的液固磁稳定床中的液固传质系数,采用浸没的微型传热探头测量了液固传热系数。实验结果表明：随磁场强度、液体黏度的增大,液固传质系数及传热系数减小;增加表观液速,传质系数、传热系数均增大。进而建立了由物性参数及操作参数估算液固传质Sherwood数及液固传热Nusselt数的关联式,实验值与预测值吻合良好,可为磁稳定床反应器的放大设计和操作优化提供一定的依据。     

液固两相磁稳定床中试冷模研究

在磁稳定床冷模中以水为液相,非晶态合金催化剂(SRNA-4)为固相,探索磁稳定床反应器流动特性,并考察电磁线圈的放大效应,为工业磁稳定床反应器的设计提供数据。     

液固磁稳定床中固含率分布与液相返混特性

固含率分布和液相返混系数是液固磁稳定反应器放大与优化所必需的基础数据。采用床层膨胀高度法、光电法及瞬态点源示踪技术,研究了以SRNA-4催化剂为固相的液固磁稳定床中固含率分布和液相返混特性。试验结果表明,固含率轴向分布基本均匀,径向为“扁-陡曲线”分布。固含率随磁场强度和颗粒尺寸的增大而增大,随液体粘度和空塔液速的增大而减小。轴向液相返混系数随磁场强度和液体粘度的增大而减小,随空塔液速和颗粒尺寸的增大而增大。回归得到了固含率和轴向普朗特准数的关联式,预测值与试验值吻合良好。     

浆态床FT合成反应器的固液分离现状和进展

本文就浆态床ＦＴ合成的固液分离体系的性质，重力沉降、加压过滤、离心分离、磁分离技术，超临界流体萃取分离各种固液分离工艺在浆态床ＦＴ合成中试验应用情况，以及工艺开发的进展作一概述。     

气液固三相磁稳定流化床的操作状态对反应结果的影响

以氮气、水、铁粉为气液固三相研究了三相磁稳定流化床的床层操作状态；以重整生成油的烯烃饱和加氢过程为体系，研究了铁粉与大比表面非晶态合金催化剂混合颗粒为固相的磁稳定流化床中床层操作状态对反应结果的影响。找到了有利于气液固三相反应的磁稳定流化床床层操作状态     

磁稳定床羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯的冷模实验

以磁性催化剂Pd/La0.5Pb0.5MnO3为固相、N2为气相、纯水为液相在磁稳定床上进行冷模实验,探索磁稳定床的流动特性,为磁稳定床氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯提供数据。考察了不同操作条件对固相催化剂在磁稳定床中流化状态的影响,并通过流体力学软件FLUENT对实验进行计算模拟。结果表明:催化剂可以在流化床中达到完全流化状态,且起始流化速度随液体流速增大、外加磁场强度的增大及分布板开孔率减小而增大,床层高度随气相流速和液相流速减小而减小,随磁场强度的减小而增大,固相分布随床层高度减小而趋于密集,在实验气相流速范围内,床层的平均气相含率与气体流速基本呈直线上升关系。FLUENT软件模拟结果与实验过程完全吻合。     

磁稳定床己内酰胺加氢精制新工艺

对气液固三相搅拌釜反应器与液固磁稳定床反应器串联的己内酰胺加氢精制过程进行了研究,研究了各种操作参数对反应结果的影响,考察了催化剂的稳定性。实验结果表明,采用该工艺可使w(己内酰胺)=30%的水溶液的高锰酸钾值从50s提高到3000s以上,催化剂寿命3200h。与工业上釜式己内酰胺加氢精制工艺相比,催化剂耗量可降低70%。     

空气-SRNA-4催化剂磁稳定床的流动特性

床层压降、最小流化速度、固含率及其分布和气相返混系数是气固磁稳定反应器放大与优化所必需的基础数据.采用压降法、光电法及瞬态点源示踪技术试验研究了以SRNA-4催化剂为固相的气固磁稳定床的流动特性.试验结果表明:最小流化速度、最小流化状态下的床层空隙率与磁场强度无关;固含率的径向分布基本均匀;磁场强度的增大抑制了颗粒的运动,使得局部固含率略微增加;空塔气速的增加促进了气固磁稳定床的膨胀,使得固含率减小;粒径较小时,随磁场强度及气速的变化贝克来数(Pe)变化不大;粒径较大情况下,Pe随气速增大而减小,随着磁场强度的增大,先增大后减小.试验获得了最小流化速度、固含率和床层高度的关联式,预测值与试验值吻合良好.     

磁稳定床及磁性催化剂的研究进展

对磁稳定床及磁性催化剂在石油化工和生物工程等领域的应用进行了归纳总结。磁稳定床已经应用于催化加氢、烟尘净化、干法选煤、生化分离、固定化生物反应器、细胞培养等过程。与传统工艺相比,磁稳定床兼有固定床和流化床的优点,能强化受传质传热限制的反应过程,提高反应效率,在实际应用中显示出独特的优越性。磁性催化剂的设计与开发是磁稳定床应用的关键,目前磁性催化剂以包覆型催化剂为主,其共同特点是具有适宜的磁性和低温反应活性,利于反应操作。磁稳定床及其磁性催化剂的研究开发是催化剂工业发展的一个新方向。     

磁稳流化床研究与应用进展

磁稳流化床（MSFB）作为一种新型反应器,兼具固定床和流化床的众多优点,具有巨大的应用前景。本文综述了MSFB近年来在基础研究和应用上取得的进展。基础研究方面主要介绍了磁场强度和液相流速对床层结构的影响,以及床层空隙率、操作稳定性和传递特性等研究情况;应用方面介绍了MSFB在生物化工、能源和环境工程等领域的应用。最后分析了MSFB目前存在的不足,如对于一定的反应体系未找到相应合适的磁性催化剂、操作温度高于磁性载体的居里温度时,MSFB将无法操作、磁场发生装置释放出大量的热量对磁性载体和反应过程产生影响、难以确定稳定操作区域。并指出其今后的主要研究方向为磁性载体催化剂的研究与开发及对MSFB的稳定性判据、传热、传质、强化反应过程机理、反应器放大规律、工业化应用装置设计等方面的研究。     

Silver recovery from spent photographic solutions by a magnetically assisted particle bed

The work presents experimental results on silver cementation from spent photographic fixer thiosulphate solutions by iron in magnetically controlled particle beds. Axial magnetic field created by Helmholtz pair was used. The increase in the fluid flow rate yields an increased silver recovery due to reduction in the external mass transfer resistance irrespective of the particle bed structures used for cementation. The field intensity slightly boosts the silver recovery and results in granular structures appearing at the surface of the deposits. The bed structures when the iron is used as a particle beds in column operation has major role in the efficient performance of the cementation process. With flow rate slightly exceeding the minimum fluidization point in the absence of a field the preferable operating regimes are: a fixed bed (FB) and moderately expanded magnetically stabilized beds (MSB) regimes, both of them with the Magnetization FIRST mode. However, when high flow throughputs are required, the frozen beds with the Magnetization LAST exhibit higher separation efficiencies and higher mass transfer coefficients than those with FB and MSB.     

以非晶态合金催化剂SRNA-4为固相的气液固磁稳定床的界面传质研究

1 INTRODUCTION Magnetically stabilized beds (MSB) exhibit an unique combination of packed-bed and fluidized-bed properties. Gas-liquid-solid (G-L-S) three-phase MSB has recently attracted more attention in the field of biotechnology processes (such as bioseparation or immobilized enzyme systems) and chemical engi- neering(such as the hydrogenation reaction system). The interphase mass transfer behavior plays an im- portant role in the optimal operation of practical MSB. However, many…     

Control of Drying Process in Mechanically Spouted Bed Dryer

The continuously operated Mechanically Spouted Bed (MSB) dryer of high evaporative capacity can be advantageously used to produce fine powder from paste-like materials, slurries, suspensions and sludges. Due to the thin layer formed on the surface of the spherical inert particles intensive heat and mass transfer occur and the drying process takes place in the constant rate period. Steady state drying conditions can be achieved when the total operational time of partial processes of inert bed drying does not exceed the cycle time of the inert particles.

A laboratory scale MSB dryer has been equipped with a computerised measuring, data acquisition and control system. In the knowledge of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the MSB and giving the enthalpy and mass balances over the dryer a calculation method has been developed for control of drying process.     

Crossflow Magnetically Stabilized Bed Chromatography

Abstract

A device for continuous chromatographic separation of multicomponent feeds is described. It consists of a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSB) in which bed solids move crossflow to the fluidizing fluid. Adsorbable components of the feed move in two directions; with the fluidizing carrier fluid to the bed surface, and with the solids across the bed to different positions depending on their sorption characteristics. The features that make the crossflow MSB chromatograph attractive are the ability to continuously separate feed mixtures into multiple products in a single vessel with no moving mechanical parts. The MSB is ideally suited for chromatographic operation. The fluid and solids move in plug flow, and the pressure drop is limited to the weight of solids per unit bed area, independent of the particle size and fluid throughput. Using tracer gases, the operation of a crossflow MSB chromatograph has been demonstrated. Increasing the height of the crossflow bed has been shown to improve the resolution of adjacent peaks. Mixtures of up to five gaseous hydrocarbons have been separated. Mathematical modeling indicates that the major mechanisms for peak spread are intraparticle diffusion, vertical and lateral dispersion, and external diffusion.     

Control of Drying Process in Mechanically Spouted Bed Dryer

ABSTRACT

The continuously operated Mechanically Spouted Bed (MSB) dryer of high evaporative capacity can be advantageously used to produce fine powder from paste-like materials, slurries, suspensions and sludges. Due to the thin layer formed on the surface of the spherical inert particles intensive heat and mass transfer occur and the drying process takes place in the constant rate period. Steady state drying conditions can be achieved when the total operational time of partial processes of inert bed drying does not exceed the cycle time of the inert particles.

A laboratory scale MSB dryer has been equipped with a computerised measuring, data acquisition and control system. In the knowledge of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the MSB and giving the enthalpy and mass balances over the dryer a calculation method has been developed for control of drying process.     

磁场流化床在生化工程中的应用

磁场流化床（Magnetically Fluidized Bed,以下简称MFB）是将磁场引入普通流化床,采用磁敏性颗粒为床层介质的流固相处理,MFB利用磁场调节颗粒和流体的运动,使流化床具有更宽的操作范围和适应性,其中,在一定磁场和流动条件下形成的磁稳定流化床（Magnetically Stabilized Fluidized Bed,以下简称MSFB）更是瘘有固定床的流固接触特性和流化床的压降低,传热传质效率高的优点,操作范围较普通流化床变宽,磁场流化床在生化工程领域已经地固穹生物反应器,发酵液固液分离,连续亲合色谱,细胸分离,以及植物细胞和酵母细胞培养等过程,本文介绍了磁场流化床的基本原理和特性及其在生化工程中的应用情况,并分析了该技术进一步应用所面临的困难和发展前景。     

镍基非晶态合金加氢催化剂与磁稳定床反应器的开发与工业应用

报道了开发镍基非晶态合金加氢催化剂的实验室研究、中试研究及工业应用研究结果。向非晶态合金中加入少量原子半径大的其他元素，使非晶态合金的晶化温度由360℃提高到520℃；在含镍非晶态合金中加入铝，然后用碱将铝抽出，使非晶态合金比表面积由1m^2/g增加到100m^2/g以上；在建立30t/a非晶态合金生产示范装置中，自行设计了特殊的喷嘴和选用适宜的坩埚材质，使生产成品率由20％左右提高到95％以上，利用副产的偏铝酸钠，合成NaY分子筛，形成了整体的清洁生产过程；重点介绍了非晶态合金加氢催化剂经在三个工厂工业应用成功，三项工业应用成果每年为企业创造直接效益6700万元。还报道了对磁稳定床反应器的研究开发，经在20kt/a磁稳定床加氢示范装置上3500h试验，其生产效率比釜式加氢过程提高4倍，催化剂消耗减少50％。