中国草业现状及持续利用对策

2000年春夏以来,由于生态环境等不断恶化,导致"沙尘暴"多次袭击.2001年元旦"沙尘暴"又再次袭击,使人们又一次尝到了由于生态环境遭到破坏而造成的恶果.因此,发展草业,是恢复优化生态环境和经济、社会发展的必走之路和必然选择.特别是中国西部是生态环境最脆弱的地区,尽快恢复和发展牧草植被对经济社会发展具有重要意义.     

当前草原生态建设的思考

草原生态建设越来越引起人们的关注,这主要是因为我国许多重大生态环境问题,如沙尘暴、大江大河水灾、城市环境质量等问题的频频发生都与草地植被破坏与建设有关,还因为我国国民经济发展中许多重大问题也与草原生态建设紧密联系.但是当前草原生态建设有一些问题引起作者的思考.     

人·狗·狼

一 人通常是有人性的,但人有时候也具有狗性或狼性.如说有人是"狗腿子";如说"打造狼性团队",等等. 狗有时候是通人性的.既然是通人性的,说明还不具备人性.     

热应激对畜禽养殖的影响

<正>"Stress"在拉丁文中是"逆境、困苦"的意思,后来被引入物理及工程学表示"压力"或"负荷";奥斯勒(1910)将该词与工作、学习等特别困难任务相等同,外延了它的含义。美国生理学家坎农(1929)观察到生物机体面对紧急情况时,能产生一种"紧急反应"[2];赛里根(1936)指出人或动物面对各种不利因素或危险境况时,机体生理生化反应发生较大幅度的变化,并把"多种有害因素引起的综合征"用"Stress"来命名[3]。后来,又统称     

论动物科学专业创新型人才的培养

进入新世纪以来,知识经济初见端倪,"要迎接知识经济迅速兴起的挑战,最重要的是坚持创新"[1];但是一切创新归根结底无不源于人才创新,而创新型人才的造就又源于教育,可以说教育是培养创新型人才的摇篮,21世纪教育的使命就是培养具有创新精神和创新能力的创新型人才。动物科学专     

中国气象局局长秦大河指出:制止沙尘暴提法违反科学规律

"沙尘暴作为一种自然现象,是不可能被消灭的,所谓制止沙尘暴,实际是违反科学规律的."全国政协委员、中国气象局局长秦大河说,"沙尘暴给人类造成损失的同时,也有其正面效应,说到底,没有沙尘暴就没有中国,就没有我们中华民族."     

人·狗·狼

<正>一人通常是有人性的,但人有时候也具有狗性或狼性。如说有人是"狗腿子";如说"打造狼性团队",等等。狗有时是通人性的。既然是通人性的,说明还不具备人性。如"人模狗样","狗眼看人低","狗改不了吃屎"等。狗有时也具备狼性,这是自然的,因为据说狗的祖先就是狼,是狼驯化过来的。     

板蓝根多糖对小鹅瘟病毒体外抑制作用的观察

板蓝根(radix isatidis)别名靛青根、蓝靛根,为十字花科植物菘蓝的根,具有清热解毒、凉血利咽之功效.众多文献报道,板蓝根对于禽流感、猪病毒性水泻、鸭病毒性肝炎等均有较好的治疗或预防作用[1];且具有抑制流感病毒亚甲1型和3型、呼吸道合胞病毒、流行性腮腺炎病毒、CVB3和CVB4病毒在细胞内复制[2-3]的作用;能杀灭疱疹病毒[4];其水煎液对猪细小病毒[5]、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒[6-7]有明显的阻断作用.进一步的研究证实,其抗病毒的有效成分主要与板蓝根的大极性部位相关,日本学者还分离出单一分子量的有抗病毒活性的板蓝根多糖[8].临床上,周明宇[9]用板蓝根等中药复方防治小鹅瘟病取得了良好的效果,胡元亮等[10]报道IRPS对新城疫病毒亦有比较显著的抑制作用.     

谈中蜂场的规模及如何估算一地合理的载蜂量

1蜂场"规模"的2个概念在谈蜂场"规模"之前,首先必须弄清楚"规模"的定义。有的人会说,"规模"不就是指蜂群的数量吧,还需要怎么去定义呢?我个人认为,除了数量的意思之外,"规模"确实还需要进一步去定义,否则会造成误解。比如说,有人说我养了200群或300群蜂。     

石柱中益乡:传统养殖蜜蜂成为村民致富新渠道

"我已成功养殖蜜蜂40多桶了,去年50kg多蜂蜜收入1万多元,今年天气较好,有利于蜜蜂采花酿蜜,赚个二三万应该没问题……".近日,石柱县中益乡华溪村蜜蜂养殖户马世祥乐呵呵地说. 该乡森林植被面积近1.4万hm2,境内山峦重叠,沟壑纵横,气候温和,雨量充沛.森林覆盖率达85.3％,非常适宜蜜蜂养殖.近年来,随着"天保工程"的不断推进,森林植被得到有效保护,蜜蜂养殖又渐渐回到村民们的房前屋后安家酿蜜.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.