The problem of replacement and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium: its relation to squamous metaplasia in the uterine cervix

This study investigates the professional characteristics of care staff working in group homes for the mentally ill in a north London region. Opportunities for training and staff attitudes with respect to training and career prospects are examined. The majority of care staff are unqualified and in many cases the training needs of staff are not being met. Staff viewed their career prospects as limited. Training that is on offer to staff in principle is often not accessed, possibly owing to budget restrictions. The need for more stringent guidelines on staff training to maintain standards across agencies is highlighted.     

Transgene expression kinetics after transfection with cationic phosphonolipids in hematopoietic non adherent cells

Persons with chronic mental illnesses have a higher prevalence of medical illnesses and higher mortality rates than the general population. Those living in the community are usually linked with mental health services but are expected to manage their own medical care. The ability to manage their health care and the ability of "surrogate families" to assist them were measured among residents and staff of supervised community residences. In its surrogate role, the agency promoted routine health examinations and follow-up care. Its staff was a central resource for the residents, who sought out staff members for assistance with their health problems. However, residents and staff alike lack knowledge about health problems, medications, and approaches to modifying unhealthy lifestyle practices. Although residents identified lack of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases as a major concern, staff indicated discomfort with this topic. These findings suggest the importance of supporting chronically mentally ill persons and residential staff in managing residents' health care functions.     

Biomechanics of torsion in the human mandible

Staff competence in the application of behavioral techniques is critical to improve quality of life for persons with a developmental disability. Development of efficient staff training programs is therefore of great importance. This paper describes some of the procedures most frequently used in staff training research. Research in this area is reviewed in relation to client outcomes as a function of staff training, maintenance of staff skills, and transfer of staff skills across settings, clients, and programs. Current concerns and further improvements in behavioural techniques, acquisitional strategies, and assessment are discussed.     

The management of bereavement on intensive care units

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the management of the bereaved on Intensive Care Units (ICU) throughout the United Kingdom, and to identify inadequacies that may exist either in the provision of staff training in dealing with bereavement or in the facilities or support available for the bereaved. DESIGN: Questionnaires were sent to the senior nurse and senior doctor in all general ICUs with more than four beds nationwide. The questions asked about nursing and medical practice around the time of a patient's death, as well as about staff attitudes towards, and training in, dealing with bereavement and the support they received for this role. RESULTS: We obtained a 68% (293/430) response rate. Most ICUs had facilities for relatives, but little for the specific needs of the bereaved. Only 6% of doctors and 21% of nurses had training in dealing with bereavement and grieving. A staff support group was available in 23% of ICUs, and 75% of the remainder thought it would be useful to have one. Lack of staff training and poor facilities for relatives were identified as the major concerns of ICU staff. CONCLUSION: Many doctors and nurses working in Intensive Care Units feel inadequately trained to deal confidently with the bereaved. A minority of ICUs have support mechanisms available for their staff, inspite of the perceived need for them. Furthermore, many ICU staff feel the facilities they are able to offer the bereaved are inadequate. We have identified the major inadequacies and the needs of ICU staff for improved training. Meeting these needs would play a significant role not only in reducing staff stress but also minimising the morbidity in surviving relatives.     

Direct observational coding of staff who are the victims of assault.

Staff members in psychiatric hospitals are frequently assaulted by patients. When asked what events triggered specific assaults on staff, staff and patients disagree. Staff members usually say that symptoms of psychosis led to the assault, whereas patients usually say aversive interactions with staff triggered the incident. For years, experts have called for direct observational research to address this issue and possibly resolve the discrepancy found in the verbal-report data. Over 26,000 hr of direct observational coding of staff activities, including staff–patient interactions, was collected across 10 years by independent, noninteractive raters on Social Learning Program units. Eight of nine kinds of aversive staff–patient interactions occurred more frequently among staff members who had been assaulted. One possible interpretation of these data is that aversive interactions lead to assaults on staff, but other possibilities must be considered. Practical recommendations for reducing likelihood of assault are detailed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Occupational stress in Australian university staff: Results from a national survey.

This article presents results from a study of occupational stress in Australian university staff. The authors report data on psychological strain and job satisfaction from nearly 9,000 respondents at 17 universities. Academic staff were generally worse off than general staff, and staff in newer universities were worse off than those in older universities. At the aggregate level, self-report measures of psychological well-being were highly correlated with objective measures of university well-being (investment income, student-staff ratios, and recent cuts in staffing levels and in government operating grants). The authors conclude that the financial difficulties imposed on Australian universities in recent years are having serious consequences for the psychological well-being of their staff, particularly academic staff (faculty). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of 4,4''-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2''-disulfonic acid, an inhibitor of Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger, on stress-induced gastric lesions in rats

To help define the goals for domiciliary patients and programs, staff who were working in Department of Veterans Affairs Domiciliary programs across the country were sampled. Each employee was asked to rank order the success of different outcomes for veterans who were being treated in the domiciliary. The rankings are compared for uniformity and displayed as perceived successful and unsuccessful outcomes by staff who work with domiciliary patients and staff who do not work with them.     

Guide to patient–staff large group meetings: A sociotherapeutic approach.

Large group meetings of patients and staff are common in most mental hospital treatment units and in partial-hospital or day-care programs for patients with psychiatric, social, developmental, and addictive disorders. These meetings, usually led by nursing staff, other professionals, and sometimes by the unit chief, are often called "community meetings." Their purposes and methods are seldom carefully thought through, and staff are seldom trained in how to contribute and use these meetings. This article presents a sociotherapeutic approach, a particular way to conceptualize and conduct these meetings, holding the understanding of current working relations between staff and patients as their primary task. Advantages of a sociotherapeutic approach are discussed in terms of a hierarchy of administrative and clinical objectives applicable to a wide range of organizations and programs. Guidelines for conducting large group meetings are discussed, and the importance of consistent leadership working within a well-conceptualized frame is emphasized. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An open trial of lisinopril (''ZESTRIL'') in mild to moderate hypertension in Nigeria

The concept of transcultural nursing is relatively new to the nursing literature. It had been less than 30 years since Madeleine Leininger first began to develop a theory of transcultural nursing as part of a doctoral study in anthropology. Much has changed in that time, and nursing staff development and inservice educators need to provide educational offerings within a multicultural context in a timely manner. Cultural diversity is the standard in the mid-1990s, and those nursing staff development programs that are sensitive to this fact produce employees with advantages over those from settings that do not prepare staff for practice in a constantly changing world. This annotated bibliography about transcultural nursing details key references for staff development and inservice programs. It is not intended as an exhaustive review but rather focuses on the most relevant, timely, and useful of the ever increasing number of publications concerning this important subject. Six major books and four of the most pertinent recent journal articles are included. Conclusions and implications for nursing staff educators are offered.     

Staff–patient relationships in nursing homes: Sources of conflict and rehabilitation potential.

Discusses research indicating that staff–patient interactions often function to encourage dependency among nursing home residents. Hypotheses are developed as to why staff members tend to elicit dependency; these include the operation of culturally and cognitively based stereotypes about the aged, adherence to the medical model, institutional constraints on nursing homes, and burnout. Additional evidence shows that continued dependency and passivity are detrimental to the health of patients and that interventions aimed at decreasing dependency reduce the likelihood of disease and death. Methods of instructing staff members in specific skills for encouraging independent and active engagement by residents are suggested. Possible changes in institutional policies within nursing homes, such as rewarding staff according to residents' outcomes and implementing tactics to prevent burnout among staff members, are also discussed. (54 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Crisis intervention training program: Influence on staff attitudes in a postacute residential brain injury rehabilitation setting.

Purpose/Objective: Acquired brain injury produces a host of behavioral changes, and specialized training in proper management of these behaviors is essential to resolve crises and calm aggressive clients. This study was conducted to determine whether crisis intervention training was effective in increasing staff comfort with difficult client behaviors in a residential rehabilitation program for individuals with postacute acquired brain injury and whether changes would be maintained over time. Research Method/ Design: Twenty-five rehabilitation staff members participated in Nonviolent Crisis Intervention training and completed the Rehabilitation Situations Inventory before training, immediately following completion of the program, and 1 month later. Results: Immediately following completion of the program, participants reported increased comfort when faced with client behaviors related to motivation and adherence, sexuality, and aggression and when interacting with other staff and client families. Changes in comfort level with sexual situations, aggression, and staff/staff interactions were maintained 1 month post training. Conclusions/Implications: These results suggest that crisis intervention training is effective in increasing levels of staff comfort with difficult situations commonly experienced in the rehabilitation setting and the changes are maintained following training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The advances in the health care management in the Russian Federation on the basis of the analysis of the health personnel

Present the purpose, tasks, methods and programs of a comprehensive study of medical personnel organization and management. The activities of staff departments are proposed to be singled out as a specific service. Some findings of the study are presented, as are the results attained with the introduction into practice of a model of staff service in number of regions and the experience gained with training of specialists for personnel departments.     

Ten common-sense teaching strategies for effective inservice presentation by staff nurses

Staff nurses are currently being given the opportunity to present inservice offerings as a criterion for the professional performance evaluation. Unfortunately, staff nurses, even those with baccalaureate preparation, generally have not been prepared in strategies for effective teaching. Consequently, many staff nurses either avoid this opportunity altogether or may proceed with the "seat of the pants" approach, making learning a chance event. This article sets forth 10 common-sense teaching strategies for effective inservice education presentations with the goal of encouraging and empowering staff nurses to share their particular area of expertise with their peers.     

国有企业销售人员退出机制若干思考

销售人员是国有企业稳步发展的基础,合理的销售人员配置能够有效提高销售人员的工作效率以及工作质量。但是随着我国企业改革的不断深入,国有企业的经营体制以及管理结构都发生了较大的变化,这就对国有企业销售人员管理提出了新的挑战与新的要求。根据在铝加工企业的工作经验,重点阐述了国有企业销售人员退出机制的构建,以供有关人士参考借鉴。     

Stressors of professionals and trainees at APA-approved counseling and VA medical center internship sites.

The purpose of this study was to assess the perceived stress experienced by professionals and trainees during psychotherapy and supervisory activities at American Psychological Association-approved university counseling center and Veterans Administration (VA) medical center internship sites. One hundred thirty-five staff members (90 professionals, 43 interns, 2 practicum students) from fourteen VA centers and 144 staff members (79 professionals, 37 interns, 28 practicum students) from twelve university counseling centers responded to a questionnaire used to assess perceived stress. In data analysis, we compared the stress of professionals and trainees. In secondary analysis, we compared stressors of staffs at VA and counseling centers. We also investigated beliefs that contributed to the stress experienced. Results indicate that professional staff find their experiences less stressful than do interns, who find their experiences less stressful than do practicum students. Also, VA staff members reported less stress than did counseling staff. Results are compared with previous research in this area, and previous conclusions regarding the universality of stressors are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Equipment maintenance

Basic to the success of the perinatal intensive care unit is a cooperative liasion between the medical and nursing staff and the clinical engineering staff. To this end the functions of the clinical engineering staff are preventive maintenance, inventory documentation, pre-purchase evaluation, emergency repair, personnel education, and management integration.     

Abl protein kinase abrogates the response of multipotent haemopoietic cells to the growth inhibitor macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the mental health and cognitive development of 9- to 12-year-old Eritrean war orphans living in two orphanages that differed qualitatively in patterns of staff interaction and styles of child care management. METHOD: The directors and several child care workers at each institution were asked to complete staff organization and child management questionnaires. The psychological state of 40 orphans at each institution was evaluated by comparing their behavioral symptoms and performance on cognitive measures. RESULTS: Orphans who lived in a setting where the entire staff participated in decisions affecting the children, and where the children were encouraged to become self-reliant through personal interactions with staff members, showed significantly fewer behavioral symptoms of emotional distress than orphans who lived in a setting where the director made decisions, daily routines were determined by explicit rules and schedules, and interactions between staff members and the children were impersonal. CONCLUSIONS: When orphanages are the only means of survival for war orphans, a group setting where the staff shares in the responsibilities of child management, is sensitive to the individuality of the children, and establishes stable personal ties with the children serves the emotional needs and psychological development of the orphans more effectively than a group setting that attempts to create a secure environment through an authoritative style of management with explicit rules and well-defined schedules.     

Developing a research unit within a hospital social work department

This article describes the establishment of a research unit as an integral part of a hospital social work department on the basis of the authors' experience in a cancer center over a 13-year period. Methods are described for building support within the institution, for the process of initiating the unit, for deciding on study topics, and finally for bridging the gap between clinical and research staff. The evolution of the relationship between clinical and research staff was characterized by four different phases: curiosity, competitiveness, cooperation, and collaboration. A childhood bereavement project is used to exemplify the developmental processes and the ongoing interaction of research and clinical staff. The professional practice of all staff benefited from the increased academic rigor and productivity, although some staff remained unconvinced of the value of such a major research effort. The benefits and costs of the unit are also discussed.     

Approximately 70% of fucose-labeled glycopeptides from the cell surface and cellular material of rat

This article describes a model for allocating staff within a large psychiatric hospital. The model provides an objective framework within which one can test alternative staff operating policies before making critical decisions concerning the employment of one category of personnel as opposed to another. It is based on objective data describing patient needs and staff functioning patterns, rather than subjective opinions concerning staff deployment. Besides being useful for the short-term deployment of staff and budgetary resources, it can also be used as a long-range planning tool for testing modifications in policy decisions and budget proposals. The algorithm employed, mixed-integer linear programming, is readily available; computer costs and running time are relatively minimal.