一种有效的红外图像中人造目标分割方法

提出一种红外图像单阈值分割方法。为了减少计算量,结合先验信息选择包含待分割目标的感兴趣区域,利用Bezier曲线法平滑感兴趣区域直方图的噪声;对平滑后的感兴趣区域的直方图求解其曲率曲线,用曲率曲线的波峰所对应的灰度值作为初始分割阈值;基于先验信息从初始分割阈值中确定最佳分割阈值并进行初步分割。为了弥补单纯利用阈值法分割的缺陷,结合上述分割结果和目标的边缘信息得到封闭性良好的完整目标的二值图像。实验结果表明,提出的方法能快速有效地将红外目标从复杂的背景中分割出来,算法的计算复杂度为O(MN)。     

DNA遗传算法的改进二维最大熵图像分割

传统的二维最大熵图像分割算法在求解阈值时将二维直方图的噪声和边缘区域近似为零,降低了分割精度。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于DNA遗传算法的改进二维最大熵快速图像分割算法。利用梯度-均值灰度直方图得到有用区域,并以改进的二维最大熵作为优化函数,采用DNA计算遗传算法得到二维最优阈值。实验表明该算法对图像分割去噪能力强,分割效果好,以及快速有效处理能力。     

综合边缘检测和区域生长的红外图像分割方法

针对红外图像的特点,提出了一种综合应用边缘检测和区域生长方法的图像分割方法。其思路为:先对图像进行边缘提取,得到边缘像素点集;然后利用该点集的平均灰度和目标区域的连通性作为生长判决条件,采用区域生长法实现图像分割。仿真结果表明,该方法能快速准确有效地实现红外图像分割,避免了单独使用边缘提取或区域生长法进行图像分割时的典型分割错误。     

实时监控系统中运动人体图像分割

在运用差图像算法进行运动人体检测、噪声消除的基础上，提出了将统计直方图与梯度边缘检测相结合的算法以消除运动人体的影子；同时运用图像扩展模板并配合图像边界处平滑的算法对被分割人体的断裂处进行连接填充。实验结果验证了上述算法对噪声抑制、人影消除以及人体图像断裂处填充的有效性。     

一种基于DA-GMRF的无监督图像分割方法

提出一种基于间断自适应高斯马尔可夫随机场(DA-GMRF)模型的无监督图像分割方法.针对MRF模型中的过平滑问题,利用边缘信息构造能量函数,定义了一种DA-GMRF模型.利用灰度直方图势函数自动确定分类数及分割阈值,进行多阈值分割,得到DA-GMRF模型中标记场的初始化,用Metroplis采样器算法进行标记场的优化,实现了图像的无监督分割.实验结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

一种基于FCM的图像分割方法

提出一种新的图像分割方法 FWFCM(fast walvet fuzzy C-means method),该方法对图像像素点的灰度进行模糊隶属度的分析,将需要聚类的像素空间投影到灰度直方图空间,从而减少了经典FCM算法的迭代计算量,提高了算法的收敛速度;并且利用小波变换的多分辨率的分析,抑制噪声点对图像分割的影响,提高了图像分割的精度.     

基于多峰灰度直方图分割的遥感影像码头目标提取

针对传统方法在码头目标提取时效率和准确度不高的问题,本文提出了一种基于多峰灰度直方图分割的码头提取算法。首先利用中值滤波法去除浪花等噪声干扰,确定感兴趣区域;然后针对多峰直方图自动寻找最佳分割阈值获取码头目标二值图像;最后对二值图像进行边缘提取,得到码头目标。结果表明,本文方法对不同类型遥感影像均能较完整地提取出码头轮廓,且精度和效率较为理想。     

基于3D-CSC的核磁共振脑组织图像分割方法

为了实现核磁共振脑组织图像的快速自动识别,同时克服灰度不均匀性和噪声影响,本文提出一种改进的基于3D Cell Structure Code(3D-CSC)技术的三维核磁共振脑组织图像的全自动分割方法.首先通过3D Kuwahara滤波器过滤图像中的噪声,利用基于图像灰度和空间信息的非参数偏场纠正方法抑制灰度不均匀性,然后利用多级并行的区域增长技术—3D Cell Structure Code(3D-CSC),对图像进行快速自动分割,并通过直方图分析方法实现了不同脑组织的分类,进而利用数学形态学运算进行后处理,提高了脑组织识别的准确度.通过在8个真实T1-加权MR图像和10组模拟T1-加权MR图像上的实验,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于改进FAST与分水岭算法的颗粒图像分割

为准确、高效分割粘连颗粒,提出一种改进FAST特征点检测算法,并与基于h-maxima变换的分水岭算法相结合实现粘连颗粒的分割。该算法通过h-maxima分水岭算法得到候选边缘分割点和候选分割线;采用改进FAST算法遍历二值图像边缘获得图像边缘特征点;利用边缘特征点对所有候选边缘分割点进行非极大值抑制得到待边缘分割点;通过待边缘分割点从候选分割线中提取待分割线;利用边缘特征点识别待分割线中的伪边缘分割点,并去除与其相连的分割线;获得正确分割线进行图像分割;对典型颗粒进行分割实验,并与现有3种图像分割算法进行比较。结果表明:该算法相对运算时间最短,分割正确率最高且均大于95%。     

红外图像实时增强的新算法

针对红外图像的特点,提出了一种红外图像实时增强的新算法。该算法通过分析图像的直方图,得到图像中目标像素数峰值的估计值,并作为平台直方图均衡化的阈值。用该阈值对直方图进行修正,然后通过修正后的直方图进行直方图均衡化。在FPGA内通过采用并行处理结构及流水线技术实现了该算法,并且每秒可处理25帧128×128×8bits的红外图像。理论分析和实验结果均表明,本算法克服了采用一般直方图均衡化增强红外图像的缺点?对背景和噪声增强过度,抑制了目标的增强。该算法对红外图像增强后,图像对比度是直方图均衡化增强后图像对比度的1.8倍。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.