烟溶液与温石棉对细胞增殖活性的影响

目的　探讨香烟烟雾溶液与温石棉单独及联合作用对细胞增殖活性的影响。方法　将人胚肺（ Ｈ Ｅ Ｌ） 成纤维细胞用不同浓度的烟溶液和温石棉单独及联合作用一定时间后,应用［３ Ｈ］ Ｔｄ Ｒ参入法测定了细胞的增殖能力。结果　低剂量的烟溶液与温石棉单独作用时均可促进细胞的增殖,但较高剂量的烟溶液和温石棉则可抑制细胞的增殖;当二者联合作用时,低剂量的烟溶液与温石棉可协同增加细胞的增殖,而较高剂量的烟溶液与温石棉则只表现为相加作用。结论　烟溶液与温石棉单独及联合作用均可影响 Ｈ Ｅ Ｌ细胞的增殖活性,但其促增殖和抑制增殖能力则随剂量不同而不同。     

温石棉与香烟烟雾对人胚肺细胞产生H2O2的联合作用研究

观察了温石棉与香烟烟雾溶液单独作用对人胚肺（ＨＥＬ）细胞Ｈ２Ｏ２产生的影响，还采用３个析因设计，观察了不同剂量石棉与烟溶液同时作用下ＨＥＬ细胞产生Ｈ２Ｏ２的变化情况。结果表明，当石棉与烟溶液单独作用时，均可使ＨＥＬ细胞产生的Ｈ２Ｏ２量增多，当二者同时作用时，有两种联合方式表现为加强作用，另一种联合方式表现为相加作用，提示石棉为烟溶液联合作用剂量不同时，其联合作用结果也不同。     

吸烟与温石棉单独及联合作用对人胚肺细胞DNA链断裂的影响

目的研究吸烟与温石棉对细胞的遗传毒性。方法采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术（ＳＣＧＥ），在体外实验中测定了香烟烟雾溶液（ＣＳＳ）与温石棉（ＣＨ）单独及联合作用于人胚肺（ＨＥＬ）细胞时ＤＮＡ链断裂的情况。结果ＣＳＳ与ＣＨ单独与ＨＥＬ细胞作用１小时，均可使ＤＮＡ链断裂明显增多，当二者以３种不同的剂量组合联合作用时，均可协同增加ＤＮＡ链断裂。结论ＣＳＳ和ＣＨ单独作用均为肿瘤启动剂；当二者联合作用时可协同启动肿瘤的发生。     

三种化合物对石棉诱导人胚肺细胞产生过氧化氢抑制作用的比较研究

用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土及亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉１小时后，再将其与人胚肺（ＨＥＬ）细胞共同孵育，测定培养液中的过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）含量。结果显示，未经处理的温石棉可诱导ＨＥＬ细胞产生Ｈ２Ｏ２，并呈明显的剂量反应关系。与未处理温石棉组相比，经３种化合物预处理的温石棉所致ＨＥＬ细胞产生的Ｈ２Ｏ２量明显降低，其抑制率随化合物浓度的增加而增高，呈一定的剂量依赖性。结果表明，用３种化合物预处理温石棉，均可抑制其诱导ＨＥＬ细胞产生Ｈ２Ｏ２。     

混合稀土和柠檬酸铝对温石棉致人胚肺细胞谷胱甘肽含量改变的影响

目的寻求一种适宜的石棉表面改性剂。方法用不同浓度的混合稀土或柠檬酸铝溶液浸泡温石棉１小时后,再将其与人胚肺（ＨＥＬ）细胞共同孵育,测定ＨＥＬ细胞的谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量。结果随着石棉剂量的增加或染毒时间的延长,ＨＥＬ细胞的ＧＳＨ含量明显降低。经混合稀土或柠檬酸铝预处理的石棉,其所诱导的ＨＥＬ细胞ＧＳＨ下降的程度明显减弱。结论用混合稀土或柠檬酸铝预处理温石棉,均可降低温石棉对ＨＥＬ细胞的毒性作用。     

三种化合物对石棉诱导人胚肺细胞产生过氧化氢抑制作用的 …

用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土及亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉１小时后，再将其与人胚肺（ＨＥＬ）细胞共同孵育，测定培养液中的过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）含量。结果显示，未经处理的温石棉可诱导ＨＥＬ细胞产生Ｈ２Ｏ２，并呈明显的剂量－反应关系。与未处理温石棉组相比，经３种化合物预处理的温石棉所致ＨＥＬ细胞产生的Ｈ２Ｏ２量明显降低，其抑制率随化合物浓度的增加而增高，呈一定的剂量依赖性。结果表明，用３种化合物预处理温石棉     

几种化合物对石棉诱发人胚肺细胞非程序DNA合成的影响

目的探讨几种化合物对温石棉诱发人胚肺（ＨＥＬ）细胞非程序ＤＮＡ合成（ＵＤＳ）的影响。方法用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉１小时后，再将其与ＨＥＬ细胞共同孵育，通过３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法，测定了ＨＥＬ细胞的ＵＤＳ。结果温石棉可使ＨＥＬ细胞的ＵＤＳ显著增高，并呈明显的剂量－反应关系。与未处理温石棉组相比，经三种化合物处理的温石棉所致ＵＤＳ量均明显下降。结论采用适当化合物溶液浸泡温石棉，有可能减轻温石棉对人类的致癌危害性。     

吸烟与温石棉单独及联合作用对人胚肺细胞DNA链断？…

研究吸烟与温石棉对细胞的遗传毒性。方法 采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术，在体外实验中测定了香烟烟雾溶液与温石棉单独及联合作用于人胚肺细胞对ＤＮＡ链断裂的情况。结果 ＣＳＳ与ＣＨ单独与ＨＥＬ细胞２作用１小时，均可使ＤＮＡ链断裂明显增多，当二者以３种不同的剂量组合联合作用时，均可协同增加ＤＮＡ链断裂。     

温石棉与吸烟对肺泡巨噬细胞产生一氧化氮的影响

为探讨石棉与吸烟对人体健康影响的机制，用Ｇｒｅｉｓｓ法测定了温石棉及香烟烟雾溶液分别与共同作用下肺泡巨噬细胞（ＡＭ）产生的ＮＯ终产物ＮＯ－２。结果显示：温石棉可使ＡＭ产生的ＮＯ－２明显增加，且有剂量－效应关系，但烟溶液不能使ＡＭ产生的ＮＯ－２增加或减少，在两者共同作用时，烟溶液反而抑制温石棉诱导ＡＭ产生ＮＯ－２。当测定ＡＭ的吞噬功能时，发现烟溶液可明显抑制ＡＭ的吞噬功能。提示：烟溶液对温石棉诱导ＡＭ产生ＮＯ具有抑制作用，这种作用主要是由于其抑制了ＡＭ吞噬温石棉的能力造成的     

几种化合物对石棉诱导人胚肺细胞产生超氧阴离子的抑制作用

用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉１小时后,再将其与人胚肺（ＨＥＬ）细胞共同孵育,测定培养液中超氧阴离子（Ｏ２＾－）含量。结果显示,温石棉可诱导ＨＥＬ细胞产生Ｏ２＾－。但与未处理温石棉组相比,经３种化合物预处理的温石棉所致ＨＥＬ细胞产生的Ｏ２＾－量明显降低,其抑制率随化合物浓度的增加而增高,呈一定的剂量依赖性。表明用上述３种化合物预处理温石棉,均可抑制其诱导ＨＥＬ细胞产生Ｏ２＾－     

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human placenta of passive smokers

The levels of smoke components and metabolites in maternal blood and urine are useful in assessing direct exposure but they do not appear to be sufficiently sensitive as a long-term indicator of passive smoke exposure. Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in the placenta as a result of maternal smoking has been well documented. This enzyme oxidizes various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons abundantly present in cigarette smoke. We hypothesized that passively inhaled tobacco smoke may induce placental AHH activity. Placental AHH levels were determined in 207 pregnancies at birth. As has been found in previous studies, we demonstrated that smoking during pregnancy is associated with a marked increase in placental AHH activity. A relationship was found between the recorded number of cigarettes smoked per day and the placental AHH activity. Moreover, AHH activity was significantly higher in pregnant women passively exposed to tobacco smoke relative to controls. The usefulness of analysis of placental AHH activity as a biological marker of in utero smoke exposure in epidemiological studies is considered.     

石棉表面改性对石棉所致人胚肺细胞毒性及超微结构改变的影响

目的研究温石棉及用柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠预处理的温石棉对人胚肺（HEL）细胞存活率及超微结构的影响。方法用不同浓度的柠檬酸铝、混合稀土或亚硒酸钠溶液浸泡温石棉1h后，再将其与HEL细胞共同孵育，测定细胞存活率及观察细胞超微结构。结果不同浓度的温石棉染毒4h或24h，均可使人胚肺细胞的存活率降低，而且其降低程度随石棉浓度的增加而增大，呈一定的剂量-效应关系。经三种化合物预处理的温石棉组HEL细胞存活率高于未处理温石棉组，但差异无统计学意义。从细胞超微结构的改变看，经三种化合物处理的石棉组均轻于单纯的石棉染毒组。结论温石棉染毒可使人胚肺细胞的存活率降低，致使细胞超微结构发生改变，但用三种化合物预处理温石棉，均可减轻温石棉的细胞毒性。     

石棉与烟雾溶液对人肺肺细胞DNA的损伤作用

目的 探讨石棉与烟雾溶液联合作用对人胚肺细胞ＤＮＡ的损伤作用。方法 采用非程序ＤＮＡ合成试验，对石棉与烟雾溶液单独及联合作用时人胚肺细胞ＤＮＡ修复合成情况进行了观察。     

Synergistic effects of mineral fibres and cigarette smoke on the production of tumour necrosis factor by alveolar macrophages of rats.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of mineral fibres and cigarette smoke on the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by alveolar macrophages. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke in vivo, and production of TNF by alveolar macrophages was measured in the presence of mineral fibres in vitro. For smoke exposure, rats were divided into two groups. Five were exposed to a daily concentration of 10 mg/m3 of cigarette smoke for an eight hour period, and five rats (controls) were not exposed to smoke. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed after exposure to smoke and the recovered alveolar macrophages were incubated with either chrysotile or ceramic fibres on a microplate for 24 hours. Activity of TNF in the supernatant was determined by the L-929 fibroblast cell bioassay. When alveolar macrophages were not stimulated by mineral fibres, production of TNF by rats exposed to smoke and unexposed rats was essentially the same. When alveolar macrophages were stimulated in vitro by chrysotile or ceramic fibres, production of TNF by alveolar macrophages from rats exposed to smoke was higher than that by alveolar macrophages from unexposed rats. The findings suggest that cigarette smoke and mineral fibres have a synergistic effect on TNF production by alveolar macrophages.     

三种化合物对石棉致HEL细胞增殖周期及c-fos癌基因转录活性改变的影响

目的寻求一种适宜的石棉表面改性剂。方法利用流式细胞技术测定细胞周期以及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交技术测定ｃｆｏｓ癌基因转录活性,观察几种化合物对温石棉促人胚肺（ＨＥＬ）细胞增殖作用的影响。结果将ＨＥＬ细胞与温石棉共同孵育后,其Ｓ期细胞所占比例增加,ｃｆｏｓ癌基因的转录活性也明显增强。用３种化合物预处理的石棉组,其Ｓ期细胞所占比例以及ｃｆｏｓ癌基因的转录活性均低于未处理石棉组。结论用上述３种化合物预处理石棉,均可不同程度地抑制石棉的促细胞增殖作用。     

Oxidative stress and anxiety-like symptoms related to withdrawal of passive cigarette smoke in mice: beneficial effects of pecan nut shells extract, a by-product of the nut industry

The present study evaluated the role of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) shells aqueous extract (AE) against oxidative damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) and behavioral parameters of smoking withdrawal. Mice were passively exposed to cigarette smoke for 3 weeks (6, 10, and 14 cigarettes/day) and orally treated with AE (25 g/L). CSE induced lipid peroxidation in brain and red blood cells (RBC), increased catalase (CAT) activity in RBC, and decreased plasma ascorbic acid levels. AE prevented oxidative damage and increased antioxidant defenses of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. In addition, AE reduced the locomotor activity and anxiety symptoms induced by smoking withdrawal, and these behavioral parameters showed a positive correlation with RBC lipid peroxidation. Our results showed the beneficial effects of this by-product of the pecan industry, indicating its usefulness in smoking cessation.     

香烟烟雾影响肺细胞分泌IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平的体内外研究

目的 研究香烟对肺部炎性介质IL-1、IL-6、IL-8分泌的影响。方法 制备香炯烟雾提取物(CSE),用不同浓度的CSE(10％～100％)刺激肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞A549,以放射免疫法检测细胞培养上清液中IL-1、IL-6、II-8的水平。用不同吸烟剂量（低、中、高剂量组分别每天吸烟4、8、16支）制备动物吸烟模型,采...     

Enzyme induction in rat lung and liver by condensates and fractions from main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and dimethylnitrosamine demethylase (DMND) activities in pulmonary and hepatic tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats were assayed following pretreatment with known inducers (benzo[a]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene, Aroclor 1254, phenobarbital) and with main-stream (MS) and side-stream (SS) cigarette smoke condensates and their related fractions. Biochemical assays by spectrophotofluorimetry (AHH activity) and spectrophotometry (DMND activity) and by a biological assay (Ames test) were performed to detect AHH and DMND induction. Ames test proved to be much less sensitive than the spectrophotofluorimetric analysis for AHH determination. Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent. The highest levels of AHH inducibility were found for the SS-smoke condensate and related fractions. In particular, the insoluble bases fractions gave the highest induction. On the contrary, pulmonary DMND activity was not affected by pretreatment with the same materials, while hepatic DMND response was only minimally induced by Aroclor and phenobarbital treatment.