丁村旧石器遗址群的黄土地层研究

通过测量黄土的磁化率 ,并结合传统的黄土地层学研究方法 ,对丁村旧石器文化遗址群中两个典型的剖面 ,即代表丁村旧石器中期文化的 10 0地点和代表丁村旧石器早期文化的 79:0 2地点文化层上部的黄土 -古土壤序列进行划分 ,并将其结果与位于丁村附近黄土塬上的敬村黄土剖面和典型洛川黄土剖面的地层和磁化率曲线进行对比。结果表明 ,丁村 10 0地点地层上部黄土 -古土壤序列为S0 ,L1,S1;而 79:0 2地点上部的黄土 -古土壤序列则包括S0 ,L1,S1,L2 ,S2 。因此 ,丁村 10 0地点文化层的年代大于S1的形成年代即 0 13MaB .P .,79:0 2地点文化层的年代大于S2 的轨道调谐年龄 ,即 0 2 4 7MaB .P     

巴基斯坦Bahawalpur黄土岩石磁学特征及磁化率变化机制研究

风成黄土是陆地上分布最广泛的沉积物之一,记载了各种古气候演化信息.目前巴基斯坦的黄土研究甚少,磁化率与气候对应的变化机制研究尚未开展.本文对位于巴基斯坦印度河平原Bahawalpur地区新发现的黄土-古土壤剖面进行系统的岩石磁学研究,结合粒度和漫反射光谱(DRS)数据,讨论巴基斯坦黄土的磁化率变化机制.实验结果显示:Bahawalpur(BH)剖面黄土层主要的载磁矿物为磁铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,磁性颗粒以原生的MD和PSD颗粒为主.相对于黄土层,古土壤层则是以针铁矿为主,含有顺磁性矿物和少量磁铁矿.BH剖面磁化率与成土作用关系和中国黄土高原典型剖面相反,磁化率的变化可能存在一个阈值12.8×10^-8 m³·kg^-1,在阈值之上,强磁性矿物(磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿)占主导;阈值之下,以弱磁性矿物(主要是针铁矿)为主,这种磁性矿物的转变可能导致磁化率降低.本文可为今后利用磁化率解读该地区地层蕴含的古气候信息提供新线索.     

甘肃西山坪遗址岩石磁学性质及其研究意义探讨

对甘肃西山坪遗址剖面样品进行磁化率、频率磁化率、热磁分析、非磁滞剩磁和等温剩磁等一系列岩石磁学实验测试,分析环境磁学参数特征变化,试图探讨西山坪遗址研究意义,为今后深入研究该沉积序列蕴含的古环境记录提供了岩石磁学基础.结果表明：西山坪遗址剖面沉积物中磁性矿物主要以低矫顽力的磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为主,高矫顽力磁性矿物赤铁矿含量极其有限,越向剖面表层,强磁性矿物含量逐渐增加.磁性矿物颗粒表现出黄土的典型特征,以单畴、准单畴为主,含有一定量的超顺磁颗粒,颗粒度越向剖面表层越细.从物源上看,遗址沉积物主要来自近源的黄土风尘堆积,主要是风成堆积,并混合大量人类活动信息,给今后综合研究岩石磁学与人类活动特征的关系有一定借鉴意义.     

甘肃陇中盆地会宁关公滩剖面磁性地层年代学研究

本文对陇中盆地会宁含小哺乳动物化石的关公滩剖面河湖相沉积序列进行了详细的岩石磁学和磁性地层学研究,磁化率各向异性结果表明关公滩剖面沉积物记录了典型的原生沉积组构,沉积物沉积以后几乎没有受到后期的扰动.最大磁化率主轴方向与现今的古水流流向基本一致,表明区域西高东低的地貌至少在中更新世早期已经形成.磁滞回线、等温剩磁获得曲线的矫顽力谱分析、三轴等温剩磁退磁曲线等岩石磁学结果显示：关公滩剖面河湖相沉积物的磁性矿物有磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,其中磁铁矿和赤铁矿是主要的剩磁载体,但其特征剩磁载体以赤铁矿为主.系统退磁结果显示,在大部分样品中,磁铁矿和赤铁矿均记录了几乎相同的特征剩磁的方向,整个剖面呈现单一的正极性.另外,关公滩剖面底部河湖相沉积物中产出丰富的小哺乳动物牙齿化石,经初步研究包括复齿鼠兔（Ochotonoides complicidens）、丁氏鼢鼠（Myospalax tingi）、方氏鼢鼠（Myospalax fontanieri）、变异仓鼠（Cricetinus varians）、大林姬鼠（Cricetinus varians）、复齿旱獭（Marmota complicidens）等六个种类,其中丁氏鼢鼠和复齿鼠兔是相对原始的种类,其时代跨越早更新世至中更新世早期,其他都是我国北方中、晚更新世常见的种类,该小哺乳动物化石组合性质表明其时代很可能为中更新世早期.因此,综合磁性地层学和小哺乳动物生物年代学结果,关公滩剖面记录了布容正极性时的沉积,剖面底部堆积及其哺乳动物群的时代应为中更新世早期.     

中中新世秦安黄土-古土壤序列磁性增强机制及其环境意义

中中新世黄土高原风尘堆积序列磁化率显著增高,在区域内已成为地层对比标志,然而其磁性增强机制依然不清楚.本文对秦安地区QA-I剖面约14～17.1 Ma期间的黄土-古土壤样品进行了系统的环境磁学、岩石磁学(热磁性质、磁滞性质、非磁滞剩磁与饱和等温剩磁比值χ_ARM/SIRM等)和色度指标分析.结果表明,QA-I剖面黄土-古土壤序列样品中磁性矿物为准单畴(PSD)磁铁矿、超顺磁/单畴(SP/SD)磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,古土壤中细粒磁赤铁矿含量高于上下相邻黄土层.CBD(Citrate-Bicarbonate-Dithionite)处理方法显示,中中新世风尘序列中碎屑成因的PSD磁铁矿含量变化不大,约14.5～16.0 Ma期间成壤成因SP/SD磁赤铁矿含量的增多,是导致该时期风尘堆积序列磁化率增强的主要原因;这与该时期较低的土壤发育程度并不一致,表明CBD处理方法虽然可有效获取成壤成因SP/SD磁赤铁矿信息,却无法区分其为当地还是源区成壤成因.低温磁学研究表明,QA-I剖面约14.5～16.0 Ma期间SP/SD磁赤铁矿可能为碎屑磁铁矿颗粒的风化外壳,其含量高低变化与风尘样...     

天山北缘新近系沉积物岩石磁学研究

岩石磁学研究表明, 天山北缘塔西河剖面新近系可划分为湖相沉积型、河流相沉积型和冲积扇沉积型三种类型, 分别对应于剖面的底部(沙湾组和塔西河组中下部)、中部(塔西河组顶部和独山子组中下部)和上部(独山子组顶部和西域组), 其中湖相沉积岩石磁学性质复杂, 除与沉积物物源密切相关外, 还可能受风化作用、原地磁性矿物自生或成岩作用以及生物活动的影响, 天然剩磁强度为10^-3~10^-2 A/m, 主要磁性矿物为磁铁矿, 高矫顽力磁性矿物可能为针铁矿. 磁性矿物颗粒由假单畴和单畴(PSD+SD)或单畴和超顺磁混合组成(SD+SP); 河流相沉积天然剩磁强度为10^-2~10^-1 A/m, 主要磁性矿物为磁铁矿和赤铁矿, 磁性矿物颗粒为假单畴(PSD), 450~580℃可获得稳定的特征剩磁方向, 特征剩磁载磁矿物为磁铁矿; 冲积扇沉积天然剩磁强度介于湖相和河流相沉积之间, 主要磁性矿物也为磁铁矿和赤铁矿, 580~680℃获得稳定特征剩磁方向, 特征剩磁载磁矿物为赤铁矿, 磁性矿物颗粒为假单畴(PSD).     

高分辨率洛川剖面黄土磁性地层学

洛川剖面作为经典的黄土剖面,磁极性地层界线的具体位置还不清楚.通过对洛川黄土-古土壤序列以10 cm间隔的古地磁研究,厘定了磁极性界线的具体位置：（1）MB (Matuyama-Brunhes) 界线位于53 m处,S8的上部.（2）Jaramillo位于67.8~72.5 m,上界在S₁₀的上部,其下界位于L₁₃的顶部.（3）Olduvai位于107.2~114.2 m,上界位于S₂₅的顶部,相当于WS₂的上部,其下界位于L₂₉的上部,相当于WL₂的上部.4）并未检测到Matuyama的底界,可能位于红粘土内.     

大荔人遗址黄土-古土壤剖面岩石磁学性质研究

自从大荔人化石被发现以来,其遗址剖面便成为研究热点.先前的研究主要集中在地层的对比划分与头盖骨年龄的推断方面,然而对于载磁矿物的鉴定及其古气候含义方面的研究却相对较少.鉴于此,本文运用热磁分析、饱和等温剩磁和剩磁矫顽力谱分析、磁滞回线分析、频率磁化率分析、热退磁分析等方法,对大荔人遗址剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学性质研究,鉴定出其主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿,赤铁矿,磁赤铁矿,磁畴状态主要是似单畴.磁铁矿,赤铁矿是样品中特征剩磁的携带者;主要起源于成土作用的超顺磁颗粒和新生成的亚铁磁性矿物,是古土壤样品磁化率增强的主要贡献者;古土壤中软磁性矿物的含量高于黄土.样品中磁赤铁矿的含量并不高.黄土-古土壤样品的频率磁化率曲线,古里雅冰芯氧同位素、细微粒浓度曲线,岐山五里铺剖面有机质含量曲线在古气候记录方面具有一致性,都展示出至少从MIS5以来,气候从冰期到间冰期的变化是渐变的,反之则表现了突变特征.上述岩石磁学研究丰富了大荔剖面的磁学领域研究内容,为相关课题的深入研究提供了依据.     

黄土高原西北缘末次冰期晚期以来黄土沉积物的岩石磁学性质

以黄土高原西北缘的靖远和古浪剖面(包含黄土层L1上部和占土壤层SO)作为研究对象,选取代表性样品进行磁化率、频率磁化率、热磁曲线、等温剩磁获得曲线和磁滞回线等测定.结果表明,靖远和古浪L1黄土和SO古土壤具有相似的岩石磁学特征.磁性矿物含量相对较低,载磁矿物均以磁铁矿为主,同时含有磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,且SO占土壤中的磁赤...     

天山黄土区与黄土高原表土磁性特征对比及环境意义

本文对黄土高原和天山黄土区表土进行系统的岩石磁学和粒度测试分析,探讨了表土磁性特征及其环境意义,结果表明表土中的强磁性矿物均为磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿,弱磁性矿物为赤铁矿和纤铁矿或针铁矿,黄土高原黄土地层中的磁赤铁矿至少有部分属于风积成因.黄土高原表土中磁化率与频率磁化率呈良好的正相关,气候作用是主导黄土高原表上磁化率增强的主...     

塔里木盆地东北缘晚新生代钻孔岩心磁性地层年代学及其构造意义

塔里木盆地的高分辨率沉积记录对于理解青藏高原隆升、亚洲内陆干旱化乃至全球气候变化至关重要.建立可靠的地层年代标尺对于研究塔里木盆地晚新生代沉积环境演化、构造运动及古气候变化具有重要意义.本文对塔里木盆地东北缘库尔勒地区的两个全取心钻孔ZK3（深500 m）、ZK5（深300 m）进行详细的磁性地层学研究,结果表明,ZK3孔中更新统底界为54.8 m,下更新统底界为167.0 m,上新统底界为432.0 m,钻孔底部年龄约为6.2 Ma,属上中新统上部;ZK5孔中更新统底界为64.7 m,下更新统底界为241.5 m,钻孔底部年龄约为3.2 Ma,属上上新统.基于上述磁性地层年代标尺,通过沉积速率分析发现ZK3孔在3.0—3.6 Ma之间沉积速率明显增大,反映了塔里木盆地北部天山在此期间的快速隆升.通过东西部多个盆地地质剖面沉积速率的对比分析发现,这期构造活动在区域上具有准同期活动特征,在时代上与晚中新世以来青藏高原快速隆升的时代一致,可能与青藏高原的隆升扩展效应有关.     

Paleomagnetic dating of the Cenjiawan Paleolithic site in the Nihewan Basin, northern China

It draws much attention of scientists how early hu- mans occupy and adapt to the rigorous climate and environment at high northern latitudes in East Asia after they stepped out of Africa, passed West Asia and finally arrived in East Asia[1-4]. Reliable age determi- nations of Paleolithic sites from northeastern Asia not only help to find out the earliest occupation of early humans in this region, but also relate to the founda- tion of the overall framework of human origin and migration[1-8]…     

Medium-term effects of afforestation on sediment dynamics in a water supply catchment: A mineral magnetic interpretation of reservoir deposits in the macclesfield forest,N.W. England

Short term increases in stream sediment loads during pre-afforestation ground preparation have often been followed by a return to low sediment loads. However, in the Macclesfield Forest in the southern Pennines, comparison of the magnetic characteristics of soils and downstream reservoir deposits suggest that significant changes in the processes of soil erosion occur later in the cycle of forest management at the time of canopy closure. A preliminary magnetic mixing model indicates that the proportion of reservoir sediments derived from the subsoil (below 0·3 m depth) has increased from 30 to 70 per cent between 1929 and 1981. Changes in hydraulic stresses subsequent to road construction and forest development, in association with unstable Pleistocene deposits, may provide an explanation for these events.     

STUDY ON QUATERNARY MAGNETIC STRATIGRAPHY IN WUHAN AREA,CHINA

With the lateral and vertical expansion of cities, urban geology becomes critical for urban construction. Wuhan City, as one of the largest cities in China, was chosen by China Geological Survey as pilot city to study multiple elements of urban geological survey. 90% of Wuhan area is covered by Quaternary strata, which means that most of the city is built on Quaternary sediments. The study of Quaternary stratigraphic structure of Wuhan area is a crucial groundwork for the urban geological survey of Wuhan. Due to the badly lagging of research on Quaternary stratigraphy of Wuhan area, this study selects four boreholes from hundreds of cores in this area in the project of Wuhan Urban Geological Survey for magnetic stratigraphic study and paleomagnetic analysis. This work mainly focuses on the borehole SK2 which possesses well-developed strata and is representative for magnetic strata division. Wuhan is located in the eastern Jianghan Basin where the Quaternary sediment has a fluctuant bottom edge, forming a half-graben shape boundary in large scale, as revealed by a large amount of boreholes. The borehole SK2 is located in the western Dongxi Lake depression. SK2 reveals continuous deep Quaternary sediment except for a short gap of late Pleistocen-early Holcene. Moreover, the grain size of drill core is generally smaller than other cores nearby, which is more suitable for paleomagnetic study. In this study, we collected 117 samples with an interval of 0.25~0.30m from relative fine grain layers in the borehole for paleomagnetic study. Demagnetization and sample measurement were conducted in State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, CAS. By comparing with other well dated cores nearby, Wuhan's Quaternary magnetic stratigraphic chronology framework is initially established. Our data show that:1)the Brunhes-Matsuyama boundary(B/M)of borehole SK2 is clear, locating at 29.6m, and sediment at 1.2~29.6m belongs to Bmnhes normal polarity chron; 2)Two polarity drifts at 9.3~9.6m and 14.1~15.0m are observed in Brunhes. These samples collected from the Xiashu Loess yield two polarity drifts, which can be compared with the Xiashu Loess at Nanjing. The comparison between Xiashu Loess from borehole SK2 and that at Nanjing suggests that negative polarity drift at 14.1~15.0m is the Blake reverse polarity subchron(0.104~0.128Ma BP)and the polarity drifts at 9.3~9.6m(0.07~0.08Ma BP)is Norwegian-Greenland Sea reversal-polarity subchron; 3)Three polarity drifts were observed in Matsuyama, which is comparable with the borehole at Zhoulao and the borehole R25 in the center of the Jianghan Basin. They are at 38.2~39.8m(Jaramillo:0.99~1.07Ma BP), 66.5~71.9m(Olduvai:1.77~1.95Ma BP)and 75.8m(Reunion:2.01Ma BP); 4)Based on the forementioned paleomagnetic data, the depositional age structure of this borehole is:1.2~14.1m(late Pleistocene), 15~29.6m(middle Pleistocene)and 29.6~78.8m(early Pleistocene); 5)Our data show that deposition rate increased during 1.47~1.57Ma BP(54.9~61.3m)and 1.07~1.21Ma BP(39.8~47.3m)because they are fluvial sediments. This study builds the Quaternary stratigraphy and timescale for Wuhan area for the first time. However, because of the complex Quaternary sediment type in Wuhan area and the coarse sediment in the Matuyama, more comprehensive study is needed in the future to test whether our Quaternary stratigraphy and timescale is the best.     

Rock magnetism and magnetostratigraphy of the loess-sol series of Ukraine (Roksolany,Boyanychi, and Korshev sections)

The results of the rock magnetic and paleomagnetic studies for the Quaternary loess-sol deposits of Ukraine are reported. The magnetic properties of the rocks composing the sections in the Pre-Black-Sea Depression (Roksolany) and Volyn Upland (Boyanychi and Korshev) are compared. Based on the highly precise measurements by modern instruments, the primary magnetization component is isolated in the rocks and its polarity is reliably determined in both the loess and soil horizons. The position of the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary in the Roksolany section is determined at a depth of 46.6 m at the contact of the Lubenskii and Martonoshskii soil horizons. This is consistent with the present-day notions of the group of Ukrainian scientists about the Quaternary stratigraphy of the south of Ukraine and inconsistent with the previous results that placed this boundary at a depth of 34 m in loesses above the PK₇ level.     

Rock magnetic properties of Nihewan sediments at Xujiayao

Rock magnetic measurements of Nihewan sediments from Xujiayao section demonstrate that magnetite, hematite and maghemite are dominant remanent magnetization carriers. Monitoring the variations of magnetic susceptibility (MS) and saturating isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) at low temperature are the attractive ways of detecting the presence of magnetite, maghemitization and superparamagnetic grain sizes. Low-temperature MS investigations suggest that susceptibility enhancement for Xujiayao samples is mainly due to the remarkable presence of SD/MD magnetite to some degree though some magnetite grains have been partially oxidized at some depths. It is tentatively concluded that both SD/MD magnetite and hematite are of detrital origin and carry a characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM), whereas maghemite can be attributed to be chemical origin, overprinting a reversed polarity component of Matuyama age.     

华南二叠系卡匹敦阶高分辨率浮点年代标尺

基于详细的生物地层学研究,以磁化率为古气候替代指标,对广西来宾铁桥剖面卡匹敦阶地层开展时间序列分析,建立高分辨率浮点年代标尺(FPTS).结果表明,磁化率记录了铁桥剖面中二叠世晚期沉积序列中的米兰科维奇旋回,卡匹敦阶上部磁化率突然增加与峨眉山玄武岩喷发和卡匹敦晚期全球性海退有关,这些事件导致同期沉积物中碎屑物质增加.铁桥剖面瓜德鲁普—乐平统界线附近磁化率和蓬莱滩剖面(乐平统底界GSSP)表现出一致的变化趋势,具可对比性.利用多窗谱法(MTM)和傅里叶变换(FT)从磁化率序列中识别出五个米兰科维奇周期:长偏心率周期(E2,405ka)、短偏心率周期(E1,100ka)、长地轴斜率周期(O2,44.1ka)、长岁差周期(P2,20.95ka)和短岁差周期(P1,17.7ka).对比基于E2周期建立的磁性地层磁化率(MSS)带和标准参考带(SRZ),建立整个沉积序列的高分辨率(200ka)FPTS,提出卡匹敦阶的时限为3.85 Ma(存在+0~0.28 Ma误差),整段沉积序列的平均沉积速率为2.91cm·ka-1.同时计算出卡匹敦阶内部七个牙形石带的时限,从最短26.6ka到最长2.3 Ma.另外,估算出峨眉山大火成岩省喷发启动时间为262.67 Ma,位于瓜德鲁普—乐平统界线之下1.42 Ma.     

Response of the paleomagnetic record to environmental changes in the late Pleistocene

During revisiting the Upper Pleistocene Pekla loess-soil section located on the Sea of Azov coast of the Taman Peninsula, its lower 6 m were continuously sampled, which led to an increase in the age range from ∼50 to 400 ka. The detailed rock magnetic study of the structure, grain-size, and concentrations of magnetic mineral (natural remanent magnetization (NRM) carrier) in the collected rock samples revealed regular changes in rock magnetic characteristics along the section and their correlation with climatic fluctuations. Magnetite and hematite both deposited during the transport of sedimentary material and formed during pedogenesis, which involved the entire section to a varying extent, represent the main magnetic minerals in the examined rocks. Automorphic paleosoils that were formed during warm and humid periods corresponding to odd stages of the MIS scale are characterized by elevated concentrations of magnetic mineral (NRM, magnetic susceptibility (K _lf), saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), and anhysteresis (ideal) remanent magnetization (ARM)) parameters and share of superparamagnetic particles (up to 80%, according to elevated values of the frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility K _td) as well as by lowered rigidity parameter (B _cr) and grain size (ARM/K parameter). Such changes in the paleosoils may be explained by the occurrence of newly formed fine-grained magnetite particles close in size to its superparamagnetic and single-domain varieties due to the activation of bio/geochemical processes during warm stages. The growth of the above-mentioned rock magnetic parameters in automorphic soils may be considered as serving a quantitative criterion for defining the boundary between warm and cold periods even in poorly developed soils.