平阳霉素及糖皮质激素与激光联合治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤

目的探讨和评价平阳霉素及糖皮质激素与激光联合应用治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤的疗效.方法自2002年3月至2005年2月,采用平阳霉素及糖皮质激素与激光联合治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤78例,瘤体面积0.4 cm×0.8 cm～5.0 cm×8.0 cm.7～10 d注射一次平阳霉素配制液,剂量为0.5 mg/kg,3～5次为一个疗程,一个疗程的总量不超过40 mg;小于6岁的患儿配合口服强地松;最后联合可调脉宽倍频NDYAG激光治疗.结果治疗后经6个月至3年的随访,治愈和基本治愈率88.46%,有效率100%.结论平阳霉素及糖皮质激素与激光联合应用治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤是一种安全、有效、易行的治疗方法.     

平阳霉素和地塞米松联合注射治疗颌面部血管瘤

目的探索和评价平阳霉素和地塞米松联合注射治疗颌面部血管瘤的疗效。方法1996年9月至2004年3月,采用平阳霉素和地塞米松联合瘤内注射治疗颌面部血管瘤83例,患者年龄3个月至50岁,瘤体大小1cm×1cm～6cm×9cm,5～10d注射1次,4～6次为1个疗程。结果治疗完成后,随访8～36个月,治愈和基本治愈率为95.18%,有效率为100%。结论平阳霉素和地塞米松联合注射治疗颌面部血管瘤,是一种安全、可靠、简便、易行的有效治疗手段。     

平阳霉素治疗婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤的疗效观察

目的:探讨和评价平阳霉素治疗婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤的疗效.方法:采用平阳霉素注射治疗婴幼儿颌面部血管瘤17例.取平阳霉素1mg/cm2,2％利多卡因0.5ml,生理盐水适量配成混合液于瘤体内多点注射,隔用1次,3次为一个疗程.1个疗程不能愈合者,间隔40天后行第2个疗程.记录病变转归进程及不良反应,并追踪随访,评价临床疗效.结果:12例治愈,5例基本治愈,10个月后复诊:局部皮肤略成红色片状.随访2年,无复发病例.结论:平阳霉素治疗耍幼儿颌面部血管瘤疗效确切,不形成明显癜痕,是可取的临床治疗方式,对早期治疗具有积极的意义.     

口腔颌面部大型静脉畸形86例临床分析

目的探讨应用平阳霉素(PYM)、鱼肝油酸钠(SM)、地塞米松(DXM)联合病变内注射治疗口腔颌面部大型静脉畸形的临床疗效。方法选择86例口腔颌面部大型静脉畸形,病灶范围在5cm×3cm至10cm×7cm之间,取DXM5mg/ml,PYM 8mg,配1%普鲁卡因4ml及生理盐水3ml,按病变面积每1cm×1cm注射混合药物1ml计算注射剂量,再按相对大剂量鱼肝油酸钠注射方法注射鱼肝油酸钠。每隔7～10d注射1次,3～6次为1个疗程。未愈者可重复注射治疗。结果经6～48个月随防,治愈45例(52.3%),基本治愈32例(37.2%),好转9例(10.5%)。结论PYM、SM、DXM联合病变内注射治疗口腔颌面部大型静脉畸形,治愈和基本治愈率达89.5%,有效率为100%,临床疗效肯定、安全,疗程较短,为治疗口腔颌面部大型静脉畸形的一种比较理想的方法,值得推广应用。     

平阳霉素加曲安奈德瘤体内注射治疗婴幼儿体表血管瘤

目的：探讨平阳霉素加曲安奈德瘤体局部注射治疗婴幼儿体表血管瘤的疗效。方法：以平阳霉素加曲安奈德瘤体内注射治疗婴幼儿体表血管瘤,皮损最大6cm×6cm,最小1cm×1cm,15天注射1次,3～5次为1个疗程。对2004年3月～2009年3月治疗的150例患儿进行了1～6年的随访观察,将临床资料进行分析。结果：经过1～6年随访,治愈121例,显效29例,无效0例,治愈率80.66%,有效率100%。结论：平阳霉素加曲安奈德局部注射治疗婴幼儿体表血管瘤具有疗效高、疗程短,副作用少等优点,是一种简便、安全有效的方法。     

平阳霉素加地塞米松局部注射治疗婴幼儿血管瘤

目的探讨平阳霉素+地塞米松局部注射治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的疗效。方法将平阳霉素8 mg+地塞米松5 mg+2%利多卡因1~2 ml+生理盐水3~8 ml稀释后,行血管瘤内注射至肿胀发白为限,1次平阳霉素用量不超过8 mg。观察2周,视瘤体颜色及硬度决定是否继续用药,直至瘤体开始变硬萎缩为止,平阳霉素注射总量不超过40 mg。近两年来,用该方法治疗1~8个月龄婴幼儿体表增生期血管瘤36例,其中颜面部24例,胸部3例,背部2例,上肢5例,足2例;草莓状血管瘤30例,混合型血管瘤6例。血管瘤最小面积0.6 cm×1.2 cm,最大面积23.0 cm×12.0 cm。结果1次注射治愈2例,2~3次注射治愈25例,4~5次治愈9例,其中局部坏死1例(为足背足底大面积草莓状血管瘤),经换药及手术愈合。随访6~19个月,未见复发,除1例遗留瘢痕外,其余全部无瘢痕愈合。有效率达100%。结论平阳霉素+地塞米松局部注射治疗婴幼儿血管瘤,具有疗效显著、简便易行、安全可靠等优点,是治疗增生期血管瘤首选方法之一,值得推广。     

平阳霉素联合地塞米松局部注射治疗儿童眼睑海绵状血管瘤

目的:观察分析平阳霉素联合地塞米松局部注射治疗儿童眼睑海绵状血管瘤的临床效果。方法:采用平阳霉素8 mg联合地塞米松5mg,用2%利多卡因1ml,生理盐水2ml稀释成4ml,血管瘤瘤体内注射治疗58例儿童眼睑海绵状血管瘤,按每次药量及方法 1周或隔周注射1次,分别为多次注射治疗,每次剂量最多不超过8mg,直致瘤体消失。结果:随访观察6～24个月,55例患儿血管瘤全部消失达到治愈,3例有效,未发生局部感染、组织坏死及瘢痕畸形。结论:应用平阳霉素联合地塞米松局部注射治疗儿童眼睑海绵状血管瘤,具有治愈率高、操作方便、副作用小,有效的恢复了眼睑的正常外形与功能。     

平阳霉素联合地塞米松注射治疗婴幼儿面部血管瘤28例

目的:探索和评价平阳霉素和地塞米松联合注射治疗婴幼儿面部血管瘤的疗效。方法:用平阳霉素8mg 地塞米松5mg 2%利多卡因2ml 生理盐水2ml溶解后行瘤体内注射至肿胀发白为宜,注射剂量以0.2～0.3mg/kg计算。2～3周注射一次,一个疗程3～5次。结果:术后随访12～18个月,有效率100%,治愈和好转率95.65%。结论:平阳霉素联合地塞米松注射治疗婴幼儿面部血管瘤是一种简便易行、安全可靠的治疗方法。     

B超引导下无水酒精结合平阳霉素治疗体表血管瘤疗效分析

目的:总结体表血管瘤在B超引导下行无水酒精结合平阳霉素局部注射治疗的方法及临床效果。方法:选择2011年1月-2014年1月笔者科室在B超引导下行无水酒精结合平阳霉素局部注射治疗的体表血管瘤患者25例,其中男13例,女12例,年龄3~50岁,其中瘤体大小6cm×4cm~10cm×15cm,对术中操作、平阳霉素用药量、注射次数以及治疗后1年随访患者治疗效果综合分析。结果:用以上方法治愈15例(60%),好转9例(36%),无效1例(4%),总有效率96%。结论:B超引导下无水酒精结合平阳霉素局部注射治疗体表血管瘤能准确达到瘤体内注射定位效果,减少平阳霉素单次用量,减少注射次数,一定程度减少术后复发。     

强地松及平阳霉素联合应用治疗儿童血管瘤

目的:探讨强地松及平阳霉素联合应用治疗儿童颌面部血管瘤的疗效。方法:34例儿童颌面部血管瘤口服强地松联合局部瘤体内注射平阳霉素。结果:治愈率73.4％(28/38),有效率97.4％(37/37),无明显并发症。结论:此方法可发挥两种药物的相互协同作用,是较理想的血管瘤治疗手段。     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.     

Surgical management of ductal carcinoma in situ in Australia in 1995

Background: In the present paper we describe the presentation and management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast in women in Australia in 1995. This representative, national data set provides a historical comparator for studies examining DCIS management that follow. Methods: Surgeons identified by population‐based cancer registries as having treated a new diagnosis of DCIS between 1 April and 30 September 1995 completed a questionnaire on the presentation and management of each case. Results: Two hundred and five surgeons supplied treatment details on 418 DCIS tumours in 415 women . Half of all tumours were detected at BreastScreen clinics and a further 25% were detected at other mammography centres. Twenty‐six percent of tumours were palpable at presentation, 33% were multifocal and 55% were high grade (including comedocarcinoma). Breast conserving therapy (BCT) rather than mastectomy was utilized in 260 (62%) of cases. Tumours that were of low grade, small in size and not multifocal were more likely to be treated by BCT. Surgeons seeing six or more DCIS cases in the 6‐month period were more likely to utilize BCT. Of the conservatively treated cases, 22% were referred for a radiation oncology consultation. The most common reasons for treating DCIS with mastectomy were that the tumour was too extensive or multifocal (63%), it extended to margins of the specimen (42%), or patient concerns about recurrence (34%). Conclusions: In 1995 the majority of DCIS was treated with breast conserving surgery alone. Surgeons treating more DCIS cases were more likely to perform conservative surgery than surgeons treating only one DCIS case in the study period.     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.