基于线性异构无线传感器网络的协同可靠数据传输

大量无线传感器应用具有线性网络拓扑结构.结合高压输电线路监控系统的层次型异构无线传感器网络架构,提出了骨干网和子网协作进行可靠数据传输,以解决线性拓扑结构的单点失效问题.设计了骨干网节点自适应功率调整机制和传感器节点自动子网切换机制,并在含9个骨干网节点的实验床上实现和性能验证.实验结果表明所提可靠数据传输机制能解决单点失效问题,并能有效改善网络性能.     

基于JXTA平台P2P节点甄别的信誉机制研究

在分析P2P网络节点安全问题和JXTA平台具有的安全机制的基础上,构建一个基于JXTA的以节点甄别为目标的安全网络环境,并提出了一种基于信任和推荐的新型信誉模型.分析证明,该信誉模型通过采用信任和推荐两种机制来确定节点的信任度,成功地避免了单点失效问题并有效地遏制了P2P系统中虚假节点的欺骗行为.     

移动组播的多家乡代理实现机制

针对移动组播中存在的家乡代理单点失效问题,提出一种多家乡代理实现机制,解决多家乡代理中移动节点的家乡注册问题,引入新的应用层任播算法,可以从多个家乡代理中为移动组播接收者选择“最近”的家乡代理。分析结果表明,该任播算法不仅可以有效解决家乡代理单点失效问题,还能为移动节点提供高质量的任播解析服务。     

移动组播的多家乡代理实现机制

针对移动组播中存在的家乡代理单点失效问题,提出一种多家乡代理实现机制,解决多家乡代理中移动节点的家乡注册问题,引入新的应用层任播算法,可以从多个家乡代理中为移动组播接收者选择“最近”的家乡代理。分析结果表明,该任播算法不仅可以有效解决家乡代理单点失效问题,还能为移动节点提供高质量的任播解析服务。     

基于P2P主题索引网络的数据库搜索算法

传统的P2P单层网络难于兼顾搜索效率和高动态性，存在单点失效和负载不均等问题，该文利用“双层主题索引网络”构建系统，融合了无结构和有结构网络的优点，采用多哈希函数策略加入节点、发布资源。基于兴趣度cache缓存和相对距离，选取高优先级节点进行通信，使模型在搜索速度、查准程度、单点失效、负载均衡等方面有了很大的改进。     

基于Super-Node的P2P网络搜索技术研究

介绍传统超节点结构P2P网络中的查询方法,指出其存在负载均衡问题和单点失效问题.针对其存在的问题引入资源索引和冗余机制,把资源的索引信息分布到多个超节点.通过仿真实验表明,该机制使得各超节点的资源索引信息相对均衡,并且在相同概率的超节点退出时,提高了查询成功率.     

基于环结构的可靠检测机制

为了解决层次式失效检测方法中检测点单点失效问题,为系统提供一种可靠检测点,提出基于环结构的可靠检测机制(BR_RD).该机制采用环检测算法迅速发现可疑失效节点,利用随机半元确认算法定位出环内的失效节点,通过选举算法产生新的可靠节点来替代失效节点以保持环结构完整性.其有效性和可靠性在失效注入实验中得到验证.     

基于分层p2p系统的失效恢复机制的改进

在混合式p2p中为解决超级节点存在的单点失效问题,提高系统的可靠性,出现了具有两层(two-tier)分布式哈希表(dht)的分层p2p系统,该系统采用两套相对独立的机制来解决超级节点单点失效问题,系统开销比较大。针对上述原因,提出了在分层P2P系统中一个改进的失效恢复机制,其具有上述机制的优点,同时减少了建立起两个独立机制相应的开销,该机制是在超级节点和其所在域中加入了冗余信息,利用冗余信息可对系统进行快捷的失效恢复和信息更新,保持网络拓扑的稳定性,能有效地解决因超级节点的动态行为而导致系统可靠性和资源查找问题。     

基于DHT的物联网命名服务体系结构研究*

针对物联网对象命名服务中根服务器负载过重、负载不均衡和单点失效等问题,提出建立基于分布式哈希表的物联网命名服务体系结构,以对等的环型结构替代树型结构;同时采用基于物理网络拓扑的、依靠邻居节点集合的分簇算法,改进了Chord算法,实现了该物联网命名服务原形系统。仿真实验与分析证明了该体系结构能够增强物联网命名服务的有效性、完整性、保密性和匿名性,并具有查询速度快、负载均衡、可扩展性好、能有效应对单点失效等优点。     

基于虚拟机动态迁移的负载均衡策略

针对数据中心由于异构节点资源利用率不均衡导致的负载均衡问题,本文提出了一种基于动态阈值的迁移时机判决算法与基于负载类型感知的选择算法相结合的虚拟机动态迁移选择策略.该策略先通过监控全局负载度与高低负载节点占比动态调整状态阈值,并结合负载评估值判断迁移时机;再分析虚拟机负载类型,依据虚拟机与节点资源的依赖度、虚拟机当前内存带宽比和虚拟机贡献度选择待迁移虚拟机,并根据虚拟机与目的节点的资源匹配度与迁移代价选择目的节点,实现对高负载与低负载节点的虚拟机动态调整,从而优化节点资源配置问题.实验结果表明,该策略可以有效减少虚拟机迁移次数并保证数据中心服务质量,最终改善数据中心的负载均衡能力.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。