锥形束CT观察成人离体面神经管膝状神经窝影像学解剖

目的应用锥形束CT(CBCT)观察成人离体面神经管膝状神经窝影像学解剖。方法对38具成人尸体头部标本行CBCT扫描,获得76侧颞骨图像,观察面神经管膝状神经窝及前壁CT表现。结果最终72侧纳入研究,包括68侧左右配对图像及4侧单侧图像。膝状神经窝形态不一,内外径(2.84±0.46)mm,前后径2.30(1.94,2.74)mm,上下径(1.44±0.26)mm。72侧中,53侧前壁骨质完整,厚度(1.54±1.49)mm,5侧部分缺损,14侧完全缺损;55侧前壁可见岩浅大神经管显示,开口处直径(0.88±0.31)mm,穿行于颞骨长度(3.47±1.58)mm;36侧前壁岩浅大神经管外侧见细小骨管,开口处直径(0.51±0.24)mm。结论成人面神经管膝状神经窝影像学解剖形态存在明显个体差异。     

颞骨冠状片和高分辨率CT定位圆窗区的邻近结构

背景:作者前期实验曾探讨了圆窗区及周围结构在横断面上的配布特点,虽有资料对颞骨中耳及邻近解剖结构的冠状位影像学特点进行了描述,但由于无统一的冠状扫描基线,导致相关研究结果存在差异.目的:对比分析成人头部标本颞骨冠状切片和高分辨率CT冠状扫描图像上二圆窗区及其周围结构的差异.方法:15例(30侧)成人头部标本,以与眦耳线相垂直的直线为基线,获得间隔为1.00 mm,厚度为1.00 mm的CT冠状扫描图像,扫描后的头部标本按原定位截取以耳颢区为中心的组织块,并制成厚为1.00 mm的连续冠状薄层切片.标本切片与CT图像对照,对颞骨内听小骨、骨性半规管、前庭、耳蜗、圆窗、圆窗龛、蒲氏间隙以及面神经颢骨内段等结构进行观察.结果与结论:圆窗龛的内外径、深度分别为(1.36±0.26)和(1.55±0.26)mm,面神经迷路段至弓状隆起的距离为(4.19±0.52)mm,面神经水平段距鼓室盖、距耳蜗、距锤骨头、距盾板、距砧骨短脚间的距离分别为(5.27±0.92),(1.36±0.28),(3.19±0.85),(5.30±0.58)和(2.86±0.54)mm.提示耳颢区火棉胶冠状薄层断面标本能良好显示圆窗区及其周围结构的解剖位置和毗邻关系,可直接与高分辨率CT冠状扫描图像进行对照分析,其结果对耳科疾病的影像诊断及手术治疗有参考价值.     

杏仁核的计算机三维重建及体积测量与临床意义

目的:探讨杏仁核的空间形态与位置的三维重建技术,为颅脑立体定向手术提供可视性的解剖学基础.方法:成年健康自愿者,男性20例,女性20例,应用1.5T MRI,在标准的脑立体定向空间做1 mm层厚的MRI轴位脑扫描,在MRI上对杏仁核进行识别、手动分割、提取和三维重建,并对其进行测量与标准化处理.结果:获得利用MRI图像三维重建杏仁核技术;重建后的杏仁核立体图像顺滑、清晰,形态逼真,可任意旋转与缩放;重建的杏仁核体积,男性左侧为(1 435.0 ± 60.3)(1 373.0 ～ 1 497.0) mm3,右侧为(1 382.0 ± 64.7)(1 312.0 ～ 1 447.0) mm3;女性左侧为(1 394.0 ± 65.1)(1 358.0 ～ 1 460.0) mm3, 右侧为(1 417.0 ± 61.4)(1 325.0 ～ 1 479.0) mm3, 左右侧对比、男女对比差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05).结论:杏仁核经计算机三维重建后,脑立体定向手术能通过其图像进行针对性方案设计,降低盲目性.     

高分辨率CT扫描图像对后鼓室及其邻近结构的定位

背景:受扫描层面及部分容积效应的影响,高分辨率CT影像学检查很难准确、清晰地观察颞骨内的细微结构,而应用薄层断面与高分辨率CT图像相结合,可精确辨认耳内各微小结构.目的:实验拟解决高分辨率CT扫描图像对后鼓室及其邻近结构的定位方法,为后鼓室及耳科病变的影像变化提供解削学佐证.设计、时间及地点:耳颞区断面标本与CT图像对照观察,实验于2004-07/2007-06在南昌大学医学院断层影像解剖研究室和江西省人民医院影像中心完成.材料:外观无异常的经100 g/L甲醛固定的成人颅脑标本15例(30侧),由南昌大学医学院人体解剖教研室提供;GE Hi-speed Nx/i Sys CT设备由美国通用电器公司提供.方法:以眦耳线为基线,获得M隔为1.00mm,厚度为1.00 mm的CT图像,扫描后的头部标本按原定位截取以耳颞区为中心的组织块并将其制成厚为1.00 mm的连续横断薄层切片.主要观察指标:标本切片与高分辨率CT图像对照,逐一辨识颞骨内砧骨窝、鼓索隆起、茎突隆起、面神经隐窝、鼓室窦、岬小桥、外耳道上棘等结构.结果:砧骨窝深度为(1.494-0.05)mm,至面神经锥曲的距离为(5.67±0.14)mm.后鼓室窦内侧壁至面神经水平部的距离为(3.124±0.15)mm.外耳道上棘至面神经垂直段、鼓索神经、鼓岬的距离分别为(16.73±1.24)mm、(15.87±1.14)mm和(21.84±2.43)mm.结论:高分辨率CT扫描图像结合耳颞区薄层断面标本可对后鼓室内的砧骨窝、鼓索隆起、茎突隆起、面神经隐窝、鼓室窦、岬小桥等结构进行定位.     

中鼻甲腋区进路鼻内镜额窦手术相关解剖结构的CT观察

目的通过CT观测影响鼻内镜中鼻甲腋区进路行额窦手术的解剖因素。方法选择无额窦病变患者50例,行鼻窦螺旋CT检查,观察和测量额窦相关影像学解剖数据。结果额窦的上下径为(22.32±8.82)mm,前后径为(20.41±6.02)mm,左右径为(21.30±9.22)mm;鼻丘气房的上下径为(10.81±4.73)mm,前后径为(9.02±2.95)mm,左右径为(7.02±2.09)mm;筛泡上下径为(11.80±4.72)mm,前后径为(9.10±2.87)mm,左右径为(9.54±2.59)mm;筛泡上气房上下径为(11.69±3.80)mm,前后径为(9.15±3.30)mm,左右径为(9.17±2.43)mm;眶上筛房上下径为(15.29±6.24)mm,前后径为(11.98±4.57)mm,左右径为(11.63±4.84)mm;额筛泡气房上下径为(7.54±2.57)mm,前后径为(7.43±2.56)mm,左右径为(7.38±1.24)mm;Ⅰ型额气房上下径为(10.04±4.20)mm,前后径为(7.21±2.40)mm,左右径为(5.81±1.40)mm;Ⅱ型额气房上下径为(13.43±2.44)mm,前后径为(10.69±2.33)mm,左右径为(8.94±2.12)mm;Ⅲ型额气房上下径为(10.78±5.27)mm,前后径为(9.70±2.99)mm,左右径为(8.27±1.55)mm;未发现Ⅳ型额气房;窦内间隔气房上下径为(12.47±5.08)mm,前后径为(7.73±3.50)mm,左右径为(7.12±2.57)mm。结论 16排螺旋CT结合三维重建技术能为中鼻甲腋区进路额窦手术提供有价值的影像信息。     

CT观察与测量国人儿童正常胰腺

目的通过观察国人儿童正常胰腺CT图像,得到不同年龄段国人儿童胰腺不同部位径线CT测量值的参考范围,为判断儿童胰腺形态、大小异常提供依据。方法选取接受腹部CT增强扫描的无胰腺疾病及其他相关疾病儿童200例,按年龄分为婴儿期(<1岁)、幼儿期(1～2岁)、学龄前期(3～6岁)、学龄期(7～12岁)和青春期(13～16岁),测量每组胰头左右径、胰颈前后径和胰体前后径的最大径线长度,并进行统计学处理。结果胰头左右径、胰颈前后径和胰体前后径最大径线长度在婴儿期分别为(11.50±3.24)mm、(6.60±2.11)mm、(9.52±3.37)mm,幼儿期分别为(15.28±3.38)mm、(9.16±3.01)mm、(14.67±1.61)mm,学龄前期分别为(17.66±4.99)mm、(11.05±3.48)mm、(17.26±1.98)mm,学龄期分别为(18.87±4.06)mm、(12.04±4.25)mm、(19.83±3.91)mm,青春期分别为(21.71±7.60)mm、(15.76±1.82)mm、(22.93±4.37)mm;不同年龄期胰腺各部位的径线随着年龄的增加而增加差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);同年龄期不同胰腺部位间径线长度的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本研究初步得到不同年龄段国人儿童胰腺径线的相关正常值,可作为检测儿童胰腺疾病发生、转归提供重要依据。     

胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的MRI表现——肿瘤与胰管及邻近结构的细微征象

目的探讨胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的MRI表现,着重分析肿瘤与主胰管及邻近结构的细微征象。方法收集我院2000年1月-2014年1月经手术病理证实的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者26例和胰腺腺癌58例进行研究。所有病例在行1.5T MRI扫描后综合各个序列图像观察肿瘤的部位、形态、大小、数目、边缘、平扫及动态增强后信号特征,着重探讨肿瘤与主胰管、十二指肠环、胰周大血管的关系。结果26例胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤术前MRI共发现27个病灶,肿瘤最大径为4.2±2.6 cm（0.8-9.0 cm）,主胰管最大径为2.1±1.1 mm（1-4 mm）;肿块〉3 cm的囊实性肿瘤并向胰外突出生长者占33.3%（9/27）。76.9%（20/26）的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤病例见“主胰管绕道征/主胰管偏移征”、胰腺癌未见此征象（χ^2=58.558,P 〈0.05）;增强扫描胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤有多种强化方式,胰周大血管受压移位且未侵犯者占38.5%（10/26）。结论胰腺单发边缘清晰的肿块、动态增强呈富血供肿瘤、见到“主胰管绕道征/主胰管偏移征”且主胰管管径在正常范围内、胰周大血管受推移而不被侵犯者,需考虑胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤。     

颈胸神经节阻滞气管旁人路有关解剖结构的研究

目的:对颈胸神经节阻滞入路相关结构及其毗邻关系进行解剖观测,为颈胸神经节神经阻滞入路和预防并发症的发生提供解剖学基础.方法:对70侧尸体颈部与颈胸神经节阻滞入路相关结构及其毗邻关系进行了解剖观测.结果:颈胸神经节穿刺进针深度:颈胸神经节至皮肤(气管旁入路法)的距离,左侧为32.5±0.6(22.2～40.5)mm,右侧为32.7±0.5(23.1～42.3)mm,获得了与颈胸神经节穿刺相关结构的观测结果.星状神经节多居于第7颈椎横突基部与第1肋颈之间的前方.结论:为颈胸神经节阻滞入路进针深度和预防并发症的发生提供了解剖学依据.     

正常婴幼儿及成人蜗神经管、内耳道及蜗神经影像学对照研究

目的:测量正常婴幼儿和成人蜗神经管(CNC)、内耳道(IAC)及蜗神经(CN)的正常值并观察两组之间有无差异,为婴幼儿期开展人工耳蜗植入术(CI)提供必要依据.方法:选择婴幼儿及成人各30名,均行颞骨HRCT扫描,另选择婴幼儿及成人各20名,均行内耳道MRI FIESTA序列扫描,所有病例均排除内耳疾患.在HRCT图像上分别测量CNC宽度及IAC最大径,在MRI图像上测量CN直径,各测量结果以均值±标准差表示.各测量指标均进行婴幼儿及成人组间比较.结果:正常婴幼儿和成人CNC宽度、IAC最大径及CN直径测量结果分别如下:CNC宽度(1.92±0.25) mm、(1.84±0.19) mm;IAC最大径(4.92±0.69) mm、(5.04±0.59) mm;CN直径(1.06±0.08) mm、(1.02±0.11)mm.以上各测量指标婴幼儿及成人组间均无统计学差异.结论:正常婴幼儿CNC、IAC及CN大小与成人无显著性差异,本研究表明婴幼儿期开展CI是可行的.同时本研究所得到的测量值为蜗神经发育不良(CND)诊断提供了重要参考依据.     

MRI影像下股骨髁间窝三维数字化解剖学数据与实体解剖测量值的差异

背景:X射线、CT、MRI二维图像测量股骨髁间窝受投照体位、选取测量层面等影响,测量准确性较差。目的:比较MRI影像下股骨髁间窝三维数字化模型测量值和尸体实体解剖测量值的差异,探讨基于MRI影像下三维数字化模型的准确性。方法:对尸体膝关节标本行MRI扫描,将MRI图像导入Mimics软件对股骨髁间窝进行三维数字化重建,测量三维数字化髁间窝的相关解剖学数据,同时对尸体标本进行解剖,测量实体解剖学数据。结果与结论:三维数字化重建髁间窝顶长度、髁间窝宽度、内外髁宽度、髁间窝指数测量值与实体解剖测量值差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。说明基于MRI影像下股骨髁间窝的三维数字化模型能够准确反映实体标本信息,可用于正常人股骨髁间窝的解剖学研究。     

正常成人活体视神经的MRI研究

目的　采用MRI在活体上测量各段视神经的直径和探讨显示视神经全程的最佳MRI扫描基线。方法　 3 0例无视功能障碍的健康志愿者做MRI检查 ,分别进行不同扫描基线的横断面扫描 ,比较不同扫描基线对视神经全程的显示情况 ;在冠状面和横断面上测量正常视神经整体的上下径和横径。结果　以下牙槽中点至枕骨大孔后缘连线为扫描基线的横断面能清楚显示视神经的三段 ,对视神经全程的显示明显优于听眶下线 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,球后 7mm、15mm眶内段视神经、视神经管内段中点和颅内段中点的横径 (包括视神经和蛛网膜下腔 )平均值分别为 (3 .81± 0 .5 5 )mm、(2 .94± 0 .3 9)mm、(2 .72±0 .40 )mm和 (3 .40± 0 .48)mm ,上下径平均值分别为 (3 .82± 0 .2 8)mm、(3 .3 4± 0 .5 1)mm、(2 .76± 0 .3 4)mm和 (2 .2 8± 0 .42 )mm。结论　MRI能够准确显示视神经及蛛网膜下腔 ,获得视神经各段的整体直径 ,为早期诊断视神经病变提供客观依据 ;以NOP线为扫描基线的横断面对视神经全程的显示最佳。     

Aortic root asymmetry in Marfan patients; evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging and comparison with standard echocardiography

Background: Patients with Marfan syndrome may develop aortic root dissection despite only mild aortic root dilation as shown by standard echocardiography, which may be due to aortic root asymmetry. Purpose of the present study was to investigate aortic root asymmetry by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with Marfan syndrome and to compare these measurements with standardly performed echocardiography. Methods: Eighty-seven Marfan patients (mean age 31 ± 8 years) underwent MR imaging. From this population, 15 patients (mean age 29 ± 3 years) were selected in whom both echocardiography and MR imaging had been performed within 3 months. With echocardiography, the aortic root was measured according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. With MR imaging, a short axis view of the aortic root was obtained to measure distances between the noncoronary, right coronary and left coronary cusps and the aortic root area. Correlations between aortic root area and diameters were assessed, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) calculated. Results: No difference in the standardly measured noncoronary to right coronary cusp diameter between MR imaging and echocardiography was shown (42 ± 6 mm). Largest aortic root diameter on the MR images was the right to left coronary cusp diameter (46 ± 7 mm, p < 0.02). For a given noncoronary to right coronary cusp diameter, 95% confidence intervals revealed a variation of ?20 to +20% in the aortic root area. Conclusions: The majority of Marfan patients show asymmetric dilation of the aortic root by MR imaging. This phenomenon may go unnoticed when standard echocardiography is performed. The asymmetry of the aortic root might be of clinical importance in unexpected aortic root dissection.     

正常人内听道段神经、血管MRI表现

目的探讨内听道段神经、血管的正常MRI表现及对神经形态予以量化研究。方法健康成人志愿者60耳行内耳MRI FIESTA序列检查。观察并测量内听道段神经、血管,比较不同断面对神经、血管的显示情况。结果薄层厚采集图像可清晰显示微小神经结构及其走行。内听道底部面神经直径为(1.00±0.03)mm;前庭上神经直径为(0.98±0.04)mm;前庭下神经直径为(0.71±0.03)mm;蜗神经直径为(1.03±0.04)mm;后壶腹神经直径为(0.47±0.02)mm。结论MRI能够准确清晰显示内听道段神经及血管的正常形态,并可对神经进行量化测量,为临床和影像学检查提供诊断依据。     

A comparative study of the sonographic appearance and anatomy of the obturator internus in normal males

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the appearance of the normal male obturator internus on transrectal ultrasound with anatomical examination to advance the knowledge of the male pelvic muscles. This information may help to provide a new imaging method for observation of the normal male obturator internus and may facilitate the treatment of obturator internus abscesses and various other types of interventional therapies. Ten formalin-fixed male cadavers were dissected to examine the appearance and structure of the obturator internus and its relationship with the structures in close proximity. The obturator internus was also observed in five fresh male cadavers using transrectal ultrasound, after which the anatomy of the muscle was confirmed by dissection and its thickness measured. The visible fusiform was observed by sonography. The measurements of obturator internus thickness were 13.33 ± 0.32 mm on the right and 13.41 ± 0.26 mm on the left; in the formalin-fixed fresh cadaver, the measurements were 13.16 ± 0.21 mm on the right and 13.17 ± 0.22 mm on the left. Using transrectal ultrasound to recognize and observe the obturator internus is a new imaging method that will provide a foundation for the recognition of its abnormalities in the future.     

匀场辅助装置在臂丛神经成像中的应用

目的探讨自制匀场辅助装置在3DCube T2W序列正常臂丛神经成像中的应用价值。方法采用相同参数对30名健康志愿者双侧臂丛神经进行2次斜冠状位3DCube T2W序列扫描,第2次扫描时使用匀场辅助装置,测量神经、肌肉、背景噪声信号,并进行MIP、CPR等后处理和图像质量评级,计算神经SNR及对比噪声比(CNR)。结果常规扫描图像常出现颈部低信号伪影、颈肩部脂肪抑制不均匀现象,神经根、斜角肌、胸锁关节和腋动脉水平臂丛神经成像质量分级分别为2.38±0.64、2.45±0.53、1.73±0.66、1.95±0.53。使用匀场辅助装置后,图像颈部伪影消除,颈肩部脂肪抑制效果明显改善,神经根、斜角肌、胸锁关节和腋动脉水平臂丛神经成像质量分级分别为3.95±0.21、3.82±0.39、3.38±0.55、1.97±0.41;其中神经根、斜角肌、胸锁关节水平臂丛神经成像质量分级高于常规扫描图像(P均<0.001)。常规扫描图像的SNR及CNR分别为13.14±4.37、6.65±2.96,使用匀场辅助装置后分别为15.10±5.91、8.03±3.63(P均<0.05)。结论在3DCube T2W序列臂丛神经成像中,应用匀场辅助装置可改善局部磁场均匀度,提高臂丛神经成像质量。     

Extrapancreatic neural plexus invasion by pancreatic carcinoma: characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging

Background: Our objective is to study the characteristics of extrapancreatic neural plexus invasion by pancreatic carcinoma on MR imaging. Methods: 20 patients with both pancreatic carcinoma and extrapancreatic neural plexus invasion confirmed by pathology were recruited in this study. MR imaging was performed within 1 month before surgery. On MR images, signal intensity at the site of potential extrapancreatic neural plexus invasion, lymph nodes and tumor size were noted. The relationship of extrapancreatic neural plexus invasion to these findings was analyzed. Results: Signs of extrapancreatic neural plexus invasion were depicted on MR imaging in 80% of patients, which included streaky and strand-like signal intensity structure in fat tissue in 50% of patients and irregular masses adjacent to tumor in 30%. Signal intensity at invasion site was similar to that of pancreatic carcinoma. The frequencies of patients with vascular invasion and with lymph nodes larger than 5 mm were, respectively, 50% and 55%. Tumor diameter was 24 ± 7 mm on MR imaging. Extrapancreatic neural plexus invasion was correlated with vascular invasion (r = 0.58, P < 0.005), slightly related with lymphadenopathy (r = 0.35, 0.1 > P > 0.05), but not related with tumor size. Conclusion: MR imaging is useful to depict extrapancreatic neural plexus invasion by pancreatic carcinoma.     

MR三维快速扰相梯度回波序列显示甲状腺结节图像质量

目的 评价MR三维快速扰相梯度回波(3D FSPGR)序列显示甲状腺结节的图像质量.方法 回顾性分析60例甲状腺结节患者的快速自旋回波(FSE)及3D FSPGR序列脂肪抑制增强T1WI,对甲状腺结节及正常甲状腺组织的图像质量及脂肪抑制效果、呼吸吞咽运动伪影进行主观评价,并对比甲状腺结节和正常甲状腺组织图像的信噪比(S...     

臂丛神经的声像图特征及正常测值

目的 用超声观察正常人臂丛神经(BPN)锁骨上部的声像图特征及正常测值,了解左、右侧测值间有无差异,为临床诊治臂丛神经性疾病提供依据.方法 在44例无颈部及上肢疾患志愿者的颈部两侧设定斜线后放置探头.沿斜角肌之间做斜矢状切面扫查,观察BPN纵切面图像特征;再旋转探头,观察其横切面图像特征,并在前、中斜角肌间测量神经直径.结果 BPN纵切声像图特征为条状低回声,其强回声缘清晰;横切面呈圆形或类圆形的低回声,其强回声外缘不明显;用彩色多普勒显示血流,横切面位于锁骨下动脉后上方.测量结果,左、右侧上、中、下干分别为:(2.21±0.25)mm、(2.53±0.30)mm、(2.60±0.45)mm;(2.16±0.20)mm、(2.64±0.37)mm、(2.80±0.50)mm.经方差分析,两侧上、中干相比,中干均较粗;而中干与下干相比,差别无统计学意义.各干左、右侧对比,无明显差异.结论 臂丛神经在声像图上的特征性表现可为临床诊断神经性疾病提供形态学依据,用健侧测值作为对照,可作为判断正常与异常的一个指标.     

Diffraction-enhanced Synchrotron Imaging of Bovine Ovaries Ex Vivo

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI), a synchrotron x-ray imaging technique, would provide greater contrast for evaluating bovine ovaries compared with conventional diagnostic ultrasonography.Materials and MethodsBovine ovaries were evaluated ex vivo as follows: fresh without radiographic arterial contrast (n = 2), fresh with contrast (n = 1), preserved in 10% formalin without contrast (n = 2), and preserved with contrast (n = 1). Each ovary was imaged with DEI and subsequently with ultrasonography and histology. The ability to visualize and differentiate preantral and antral follicles, corpora lutea (CL), and cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were compared using DEI, ultrasonography, and histology. The diameter of follicles and CL were measured and compared using ultrasonography, DEI, and histology. The diameter of the smallest follicle detected was reported using each of the three imaging methods. The number of antral follicles (antral follicle count ≥2 mm) was compared between ultrasonography and DEI.ResultsDEI enabled the detection of 71% of follicles and 67% of CL that were detected ultrasonographically. However, DEI did not allow the detection of COCs and cell layers of the follicle wall that were visualized histologically. Luteal tissues were not easily distinguished using DEI, and DEI was inferior for differentiating follicles and CL compared with ultrasonography. The mean follicle diameter was similar between DEI (4.00 ± 0.35 mm, fresh with contrast; 9.62 ± 2.43 mm, fresh without contrast) and ultrasonography (3.85 ± 0.28 mm, fresh with contrast; 8.97 ± 2.60 mm, fresh without contrast) (P > .05). However, the mean follicle diameter was greater using both DEI (4.00 ± 0.35 mm) and ultrasonography (3.85 ± 0.28 mm) compared with histology (2.21 ± 0.38 mm; P = .01, fresh ovaries with contrast). The mean CL diameter was similar between DEI (11.64 ± 1.67 mm), ultrasonography (9.34 ± 0.35 mm), and histology (9.59 ± 0.36 mm) (P > .05). The mean diameter of the smallest follicle detected was similar between DEI (3.06 ± 0.45 mm) and ultrasonography (2.95 ± 0.74 mm); both DEI and ultrasonographic measurements were greater than histology (0.39 ± 0.04 mm, P < .0001). The mean antral follicle count was similar between ultrasonography (6.50 ± 0.71 mm, fresh with no contrast; 6.50 ± 2.50 mm, preserved with no contrast) and DEI (4.50 ± 0.50 mm, fresh with no contrast; 6.50 ± 0.50 mm, preserved with no contrast) (P > .05).ConclusionsThe contrast resolution of antral follicles, CL, and COCs in bovine ovaries was inferior using DEI compared with ultrasonography and histology. Alternative synchrotron techniques, such as phase-contrast computed tomography and DEI computed tomography, may prove more effective than DEI for imaging ovaries ex vivo.     

磁共振扩散张量成像定量分析正常臂丛神经

目的分析采用1.5T MR仪对正常成人臂丛神经进行DTI及纤维束示踪成像(DTT)的可行性及其量化特征。方法 34名健康志愿者接受DTI及DTT,测量C5~8双侧臂丛神经FA值、ADC值,采用单次激发自旋回波平面成像序列分别测量b值为700、9001、100 s/mm2时右侧C6神经根平均纤维束长度、纤维束所占体素及图像SNR。结果 34名健康志愿者中32名DTI及DTT成功。C5~8神经根平均FA值及ADC值依次为:0.46±0.03和(1.16±0.15)×10-3mm2/s、0.45±0.04和(1.13±0.19)×10-3mm2/s、0.44±0.04和(1.18±0.19)×10-3mm2/s、0.39±0.05和(1.26±0.18)×10-3mm2/s。b=900 s/mm2时,右侧C6神经根平均纤维长度、纤维束所占体素最大。b=700 s/mm2时,SNR最大(18.28±7.38);b=900 s/mm2时,SNR是最大SNR的93%。结论采用1.5T临床型MR机b值为900 s/mm2时,能成功完成正常臂丛神经DTI及DTT,清晰显示臂丛神经纤维束的FA值和结构。