化学镀镍工艺对空心微球表面包覆效果及其电磁性能的影响

采用化学镀工艺在空心微球表面包覆一层金属Ni,以获得轻质吸波材料。针对空心微球比表面积大的特点,深入探讨化学镀工艺中镀液的主盐和络合剂的浓度比以及镀液pH值对Ni包覆空心微球效果的影响。在此基础上,确定了化学镀液的主盐和络合剂浓度比为0.46,主盐的浓度为0.12mol/L,以及与之相匹配的化学镀工艺参数pH值为8。最后对包覆Ni的空心微球的电磁性能进行测量,发现所得的功能化空心微球具有一定的电磁损耗性能。     

铜基材乙醇体系浸镀银工艺的研究

为解决传统水相体系浸镀银所存在的问题,笔者采用乙醇溶液体系,以硝酸银为主盐,乙二胺为络合剂,并就银离子浓度、络合剂与银离子摩尔浓度比以及镀液pH值等工艺参数,对紫铜浸镀银镀层性能的影响进行了研究.试验结果表明:当银离子质量浓度为2.0 g/L,络合剂与银离子摩尔浓度比为4∶1,镀液pH值为9.8,温度为室温时,可以在紫...     

电镀金刚石钻头胎体性能与电镀工艺的关系研究

电镀金刚石钻头的胎体性能对岩石的适应性显著影响钻头的钻进效果。为了确定电镀金刚石钻头胎体材料性能与镀液组成及电镀参数的关系,本文从研究镀液配方和优化工艺参数入手,采用正交试验方法研究了镀液中镍离子浓度、钴离子浓度、镀液pH值和阴极电流密度等四个因素对镀层耐磨性的影响。镀层耐磨性以硬度和孔隙率加权综合表示。采用极差分析法处理了试验结果,得出了影响镀层耐磨性的主次因素为(从主到次)镀液pH值→阴极电流密度→钴离子浓度→镍离子浓度,从而确定了可获得不同耐磨性镀层、适应不同地层的镀液配方和电镀工艺参数。研究为有针对性地制造和选用电镀金刚石钻头提供了较好的依据。     

稀土对电沉积Zn-Fe-La三元合金性能影响的研究

为了获得更加光亮、致密的Zn-Fe-La三元合金镀层,针对电沉积Zn-Fe-La三元合金镀液组成及工艺条件,系统地研究了稀土对镀层成分含量、镀液稳定性、镀液分散能力以及pH值的影响,测定了镀层的极化曲线、稳定电位和极化电阻,比较了不同稀土含量对镀层耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:稀土的加入可提高镀液稳定性、分散能力,增加电沉积过程阴极极化,使阳极钝化前的活性区腐蚀电位正移,自溶解速度下降,有利于提高镀层耐蚀性,其耐蚀性比Zn-Fe合金镀层及纯Zn镀层有很大提高.     

电沉积钴钨合金镀液性能的研究

以氨基磺酸钴和钨酸钠为主盐、以柠檬骏盐为络合剂组成电沉积钴钨合金的镀液，研究镀液中NH4^ 的浓度、CO2^ 离子的络合比、溶液热处理等对镀液性能的影响。结果表明：在实验条件下，以柠檬酸盐为络合剂的钴钨合金镀液中，NH4^ 可以提高镀液稳定性和镀层含钨量；添加络合剂及镀液在80～90℃温度下进行热处理可以明显改善镀液性能和镀层外观。     

pH 值对 TiCN 粉末表面镀 Co 的影响

目的研究TiCN粉末表面镀Co时,镀液pH值对施镀过程的影响。方法采用低温化学镀工艺在TiCN粉末表面镀Co。用氨水调节镀液的初始pH值,考查初始pH值对镀层形成速率的影响及pH值在施镀过程中的变化情况。分析施镀前后,TiCN表面相和形貌的变化。结果在碱性范围内,随着镀液初始pH值的增加,镀速呈先增大、后减小的趋势。镀液初始pH值为9时,镀速最高,且随着施镀的进行,镀液pH值明显降低,有大量气泡产生,大约0.5 h后,pH值趋于稳定。TiCN表面镀覆了较完整的Co层。结论通过控制镀液的初始pH值,可以调整TiCN表面镀Co的效率。在85℃的温度下,镀液pH为9时,能得到较高的镀覆效率。     

工艺参数对高频脉冲电镀镍钴合金在NaOH溶液中耐蚀性的影响

采用高频脉冲电流制备镍钴合金。通过正交试验,重点考察了脉冲频率、占空比、平均电流密度、镀液pH值、温度及CoSO4.7 H2O的浓度对镀层在NaOH溶液中的极化行为及腐蚀速率的影响,选出最佳电镀工艺为:脉冲频率140 kHz,占空比0.25,平均电流密度3 A/dm2,镀液pH值3,温度45℃,硫酸钴浓度10 g/L。高频脉冲镀层中Co含量增加,晶粒的细化强度增强。     

甲酸盐三价铬电镀工艺的研究

目的解决现有氯化盐体系和硫酸盐体系三价铬电镀存在的问题。方法以甲酸铬为主盐,甲酸铵、尿素和苹果酸为络合剂,通过Hull槽试验和方槽试验,研究铬离子、甲酸铵、尿素、苹果酸的浓度以及镀液pH值、镀液温度、电镀时间等工艺参数对黄铜表面三价铬镀层形貌、沉积速率和光亮范围的影响。结果甲酸铵和尿素分别与Cr3+形成活性络合物,苹果酸具有pH值的缓冲作用。最佳的工艺条件为:Cr3+浓度0.4 mol/L,甲酸铵浓度0.5 mol/L,尿素浓度0.2 mol/L,苹果酸浓度0.05 mol/L,镀液pH值3.5,镀液温度25~30℃。结论该甲酸盐三价铬电镀工艺具有较宽的光亮范围,镀层孔隙率低,光亮致密,沉积速率较高,与铜基体结合良好,结构为混晶态。在室温、电流密度为15 A/dm2的条件下电镀5min,镀铬层厚度即可达到1.78μm,满足装饰性镀铬层的要求。     

电镀锌铁合金工艺及光亮剂的研究

介绍了一种硫酸盐电镀锌铁合金工艺及新型光亮剂。研究了镀液中FeSO4.7H2O浓度、锌铁总离子浓度、光亮剂用量、阴极电流密度、pH值、温度等因素对镀层含铁量的影响。结果表明:随着镀液中锌铁总离子浓度和温度的升高,镀层的含铁量降低;随着阴极电流密度和pH值的增大,镀层的含铁量先增加,后降低;随着FeSO4.7H2O浓度的升高,镀层的含铁量增加。探讨了新型光亮剂对镀层的影响,获得了最佳电镀方案。     

三价铬电镀铬的工艺研究

通过正交法进行小槽试验和Hull Cell试验,研究了三价铬电镀工艺中的pH值、温度、搅拌、电流密度等工艺条件和参数对镀层的影响.在各不同镀液组成和工艺条件下,充分地分析了镀层的表观形貌,确定了最佳镀液组成和工艺参数:采用了主盐和导电盐均为硫酸盐的全硫酸盐体系的三价铬镀铬;当pH=2～3、Jk=15～45 A/dm2、工作温度=25～45℃时,采取静镀的方法可以得到光亮、致密的合格镀层.     

稀土对Ni-Fe合金镀液性能的影响

本文以获得含铁量为20％的镍铁合金镀层的电镀工艺为基础，在简单硫酸盐镀液中，全面系统地研究了稀土添加剂对该体系镇渡性能的影响。结果表明：（1）稀土有稳定镀液、减少Fe~（3＋）的作用；（2）稀土可扩大获得光亮镀层的电流密度范围；（3）稀土可明显提高镀液分散能力和阴极电流效率，促使阴极极化增大；（4）稀土的最佳添加量为0.2－0.5g／L。文中还阐明了稀土的作用机理。     

硫酸根对甲基磺酸体系镀锡液性能的影响

目的 从镀层的耐蚀性能、电化学行为、镀液稳定性三个层面分析硫酸根对甲基磺酸体系镀锡的影响,探究在不影响镀液性能的条件下,硫酸根在甲基磺酸镀锡液中的最大浓度范围。方法 通过盐雾实验和电化学测试探究硫酸根对镀锡板耐蚀性能的影响,通过电化学测试研究了硫酸根在甲基磺酸镀锡过程中的电化学行为,通过可见光分光光度计和zeta电位仪分析硫酸根对镀液稳定性的影响。结果 镀液中硫酸根质量浓度在5 g/L时,镀层的耐蚀性能最好,但硫酸根质量浓度高于10 g/L时,镀层耐蚀性呈下降趋势。在锡沉积过程中,硫酸根离子的存在会增大锡沉积的阴极极化,当镀液中的硫酸根质量浓度达到60 g/L时,阴极极化不再显著增加。透过率随时间变化的曲线表明,当MSA和甲基磺酸混合溶液中不存在硫酸根时,溶液的氧化速度较慢,溶液透光率经过196 h后由99%下降为86%。硫酸根的加入会使镀液的氧化速率加快,当溶液中硫酸根质量浓度分别为20、40、60、80 g/L时,196 h后,透光率分别下降至15%、66%、63%、20%。硫酸根的加入,也会改变溶液的zeta电位,使胶粒由荷正电变为荷负电。结论 当镀液中硫酸根质量浓度超过10 g/L时,镀锡层的耐蚀性能下降。硫酸根能够增大锡沉积的阴极极化,加速锡离子的氧化;此外,硫酸根还会吸附在锡胶粒表面,使添加剂浊点降低。     

The Electroplating Of Nickel From Aqueous Gluconate Baths

Preliminary experiments were carried out in order to electrodeposit good quality and satisfactory nickel plate on to copper substrates from gluconate baths. The effects were investigated of bath composition, pH, temperature and current density on cathodic polarization, cathodic current efficiency, on the quality of the deposits and on the throwing power of baths. Highly adherent and very bright plates with metallic lustre were obtained from an optimum bath containing: NiSO₄. 7H₂O 0.144 mol l^?1 and sodium gluconate 0.23 mol l¹ at pH = 4.3, temperature 40°C and current density 1 A dm^?2. The surface morphology of the as-plated nickel was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while the structure was examined by using X-ray diffraction analysis. The throwing power of the bath is greatly improved by increasing the gluconate concentration.     

电沉积工艺对锌镍合金镀层镍含量的影响

实验分析了锌镍合金电沉积过程中温度、导电盐、添加剂量和pH值等工艺参数对镀层镍含量的影响。着重考察了pH值与添加剂之间的相互作用及其匹配关系对镀层镍含量的影响。发现pH值在有无添加剂时对镀层镍含量的影响规律不同,并试用极化曲线分析其原因。     

铈离子对镍电结晶过程的影响

为了解铈离子对镍电沉积电极过程的影响,采用线性扫描伏安法、单电位阶跃计时电流法、交流阻抗谱等方法,对镍在玻碳电极上的电沉积进行了研究。实验结果表明：CeCl3的加入使镍离子的扩散系数下降、电荷传递电阻增大,加大了镍沉积的阴极极化,同时使电结晶成核速率常数增大,晶体向外生长速度下降。这些变化可能与Ce^3＋及在沉积过程中形成的Ce^3＋多核配离子吸附在阴极表面有关。但铈离子的加入没有改变镍在玻碳电极上的电结晶成核机理。     

Study of role of phosphate coating properties on electrophoretic paint performance by EIS and simulated corrosion tests

The influence of phosphate bath chemistry on phosphate coating properties and, eventually, on corrosion resistance properties of electrophoretic (ED) painted steel samples was examined. Two types of zinc phosphate bath chemistry with different concentration of zinc and nickel ions, and different values of total acid, free acid, and accelerator content were studied. The phosphate bath with higher value of acid ratio (total acid/free acid), nickel ion concentration, and accelerator point produced the best phosphate coating on steel surface with globular microstructure, small crystal size, high P ratio, and uniform coverage. Phosphate coated and only alkali cleaned samples were cathodic ED painted. Their corrosion resistance properties were evaluated by salt spray test, cyclic corrosion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The relative increase in corrosion resistance of painted sample due to best phosphate coating was 1·4 to 1·8×. Paint adhesion of samples significantly deteriorated when painted without phosphate pretreatment.     

Nickel electrodeposition from novel citrate bath

A new type of electroplating bath suitable for nickel electrodeposition was developed. Trisodium citrate was used as a complexing agent and a buffer in the bath. The buffering capacity between trisodium citrate and boric acid were compared. The effects were investigated under different conditions of bath composition, current density, pH and temperature on the potentiodynamic cathodic polarization curves, cathodic current efficiency and throwing index, as well as the electrical conductivity of these baths. The optimum conditions for producing sound and satisfactory nickel deposits were： NiSOn6H2O350 g/L, NiCl2·6H2O 45 g/L and Na3C6H5 O7 30 g/L at pH=4 and 55 ℃. The surface morphology of the as-plated Ni deposit was examined by SEM. The results reveal that the nickel deposition obtained from the optimum conditions are composed of compact, non-porous fine grains covering the entire surface. X-ray analysis shows that nickel deposits obtained from the citrate bath have a fine crystal structure compared with deposits from the Watts bath.     

Mono‐carboxylate conversion coatings for AZ31 Mg alloy protection

Conversion coatings on a magnesium alloy were obtained by dipping AZ31 specimens in aqueous solutions of sodium salts of mono‐carboxylic acids (stearic, palmitic, myristic, lauric, mono‐carboxylate ion concentration from 1 to 5 mM, depending on the salt solubility) for 24 and 72 h at room temperature, or 24 h at 50 °C. The influence exerted by the treatment time, bath temperature and alkyl chain length on the efficiency of these coatings was studied. The performances of the coatings were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curve recording after 1 h immersion in 0.05 M Na₂SO₄ solution, while their temporal evolution was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra during 24 h. Further and long lasting tests were carried out also in 0.1 M NaCl solution. The efficiency of the coatings depended on the aliphatic chain length, and increased as the treatment time and the bath temperature were increased. The coating of lower homologue only hindered the cathodic process, while those of the higher homologues markedly inhibited the anodic process too. The best performances were displayed by 24 h‐50°C stearic conversion coating, which maintained a very high efficiency for over 800 h immersion in 0.05 M sulphate solution.     

Anodic dissolution and passivation of lead in sodium sulfate solutions

The anodic behavior of lead depending on the sulfate solution concentration is studied. The relation between oxide-hydroxide passivation and salt repassivation is found. The main characteristics of the forward and reverse branches of the polarization curves and cyclic voltammograms, as well as anodic chronoammograms and cathodic chronopotentiograms, are determined. The time dependence of the phase-formation current is constructed and analyzed.     

Electroplating of catalytically active nickel coatings from baths of various anionic compositions

The effect of the nature of bath anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ and CH₃COO⁻) on the characteristics of the electrochemical plating of nickel coatings, namely, parameters of the cathodic polarization curves, bath stability, and current efficiency, as well as the composition and morphology of deposits and their catalytic activity in the anodic oxidation of hypophosphite ions and cathodic evolution of hydrogen, is studied. The anionic composition of the baths is found to substantially affect not only the kinetics of the deposit growth, but also the properties of the deposit. The differences observed are determined by the complex-forming and buffering properties of the anions.