不同杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病防效的比较

为筛选出兼具安全性和防治效果优异的小麦赤霉病防治药剂,选择48%丙硫菌唑SC、40%丙硫菌唑醇SC、20%叶菌唑SC、40%咪铜氟环唑SC、50%叶菌唑WDG等14种杀菌剂进行田间药效试验。结果表明,供试的14种杀菌剂对小麦生长安全,防治小麦赤霉病效果最好的为20%氟唑菌酰羟胺SC,防治效果达到94.56%,较好的为25%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC、60%叶菌福美双WP,防治效果达到88.4%,48%丙硫菌唑SC、40%咪铜氟环唑SC、50%叶菌唑WDG、20%叶菌唑SC等4种药剂的防效也比较理想,防效均达到80%。     

不同杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病和叶锈病的防治效果

分析小麦赤霉病和叶锈病在不同杀菌剂作用下的表现,从而确定最佳的杀菌剂,提高对小麦赤霉病和叶锈病的防治效果。以河南省漯河市的小麦为主要研究对象,采用不同的杀菌剂进行大田试验,分析不同杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病和叶锈病的防治效果。结果表明,在小麦赤霉病防治方面,200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC的防治效果最佳,可达89.91%;其次是48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC,防治效果可达88.47%。在小麦叶锈病防治方面,430 g/L戊唑醇SC的防治效果最佳,可达89.32%;其次是30%丙硫菌唑SC,防治效果达到了86.57%。当小麦赤霉病较严重时,可选用200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC和48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC;当小麦赤霉病相对较轻时,可选用40%叶菌·戊唑醇SC和30%丙硫菌唑SC;发生小麦叶锈病时,可选用430 g/L戊唑醇SC和30%丙硫菌唑SC,均可以达到良好的防治效果。     

几种杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病及真菌毒素的控制效果

根据江苏省抗性监测结果,研究几种杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病及籽粒中真菌毒素积累控制效果。结果表明,各药剂处理防效均较高,达78.19%～98.47%。其中,氰烯·戊唑醇、氰烯菌酯、戊唑·咪鲜胺病指防效最好,分别为98.47%、97.45%和96.82%;其次为烯肟·氟环唑单用、烯肟·氟环唑+咪鲜胺、烯肟·戊唑醇,为89.93%～94.61%;烯肟·戊唑醇+咪鲜胺、啶菌恶唑+咪鲜胺、啶菌恶唑防效偏低,为78.19%～87.46%。检出DON为主要毒素。防治后,48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC、25%氰烯菌酯SC、20%烯肟·戊唑醇SC对麦粒中DON毒素积累降低效果最好,分别达92.95%、89.36%、74.53%,其他药剂或处理为34.70%～67.32%。综合上述2个因素,推荐25%氰烯菌酯SC、48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC为小麦赤霉病防治的首选药剂品种,其次,推荐20%烯肟·戊唑醇SC、400 g/L戊唑·咪鲜胺SC。     

不同药剂防治小麦赤霉病试验研究

为探索不同药剂对小麦赤霉病的防治效果,进行了8种药剂防治小麦赤霉病的药效比较试验。结果表明:40%叶菌唑EW和20%氟唑菌酰羟胺SC对小麦赤霉病的防治效果均较好,一次用药与二次用药对小麦赤霉病的病指防效均达80%以上,且防效差异不显著;25%氰烯菌酯SC、48%氰烯·戊唑SC、40%戊唑醇SC、45%戊唑·咪酰胺EW、50%戊唑·百菌清WP、40%戊唑·多菌灵SC二次用药对小麦赤霉病的防治效果均明显高于一次用药,但其中45%戊唑·咪酰胺EW、50%戊唑·百菌清WP、40%戊唑·多菌灵SC对小麦赤霉病的防治效果均较差。     

几种新型药剂对新麦21赤霉病的药效试验

为了探索天长市场上几种新型杀菌剂对新麦21赤霉病的防效,特进行了田间药效对比试验。试验结果表明:36%氰烯菌酯·12%戊唑醇SC、15%氰烯菌酯·5%己唑醇SC、8.5%戊唑醇·26.5%福美双SC、25%氰烯菌酯SC对小麦赤霉病的病穗防效和病指防效高于70%甲基硫菌灵WP的,且对小麦生长安全,可以推广应用,生产中赤霉病流行的年份建议取代甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵使用。     

药剂防治小麦赤霉病田间药效试验

为试验不同药剂对小麦赤霉病的防治效果进行了小麦田间药效试验,对几种药剂进行防效对比。试验结果表明,30%丙硫菌唑OD,50%戊唑·百菌清SC,纳米农药,200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC+250 g/L丙环唑EC,15%丙唑·戊唑醇SC,48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC等对小麦赤霉病具有较好防效。     

氟唑菌酰羟胺不同施药时间对小麦赤霉病防效及DON毒素控制研究

为明确新型杀菌剂氟唑菌酰羟胺对小麦赤霉病防治适期、防治效果及对籽粒中DON(脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇)毒素的控制效果。采用田间试验的方法研究了氟唑菌酰羟胺对小麦赤霉病的防效,并采用液相色谱-质谱法检测不同处理小麦籽粒中DON毒素的含量。试验结果表明,喷雾1次,20%氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂防治小麦赤霉病最佳施药时间是小麦扬花30%～50%时,此时施药对小麦籽粒中DON毒素控制效果达97.48%。20%氟唑菌酰羟胺悬浮剂作为防治小麦赤霉病的理想药剂将具有良好的应用和推广前景。     

30％吡唑·戊唑醇SC防治小麦赤霉病示范试验

为验证30%吡唑·戊唑醇SC(粒粒增)对小麦赤霉病的防治效果,将3种杀菌剂30%吡唑·戊唑醇(粒粒增)悬浮剂、25%氰烯菌酯SC(劲护)、40%戊唑·咪鲜胺水乳剂(钻米尔)于小麦始花期、盛花期各施药1次,研究其对小麦赤霉病的防治效果。结果表明,用25%氰烯菌酯SC(劲护)1500m L/hm~2防治2次效果最好,平均防效为80.6%;用30%吡唑·戊唑醇SC(粒粒增)525m L/hm~2防治2次较好,平均防效为77.1%;30%吡唑·戊唑醇SC(粒粒增)375m L/hm~2防治2次平均防效64.6%;用40%戊唑·咪鲜胺水乳剂(钻米尔)450m L/hm~2防治2次防效最差,平均防效59.4%。因此,30%吡唑·戊唑醇SC(粒粒增)可以用于防治小麦赤霉病大面积推广。     

复配型杀菌剂对番茄叶霉病和晚疫病的防治研究

[目的]筛选对番茄叶霉病、晚疫病具有良好防治效果的复配型杀菌剂,评价该药剂对番茄生长安全性的影响。[方法]采用常规喷雾法,探讨几种复配型杀菌剂对番茄叶霉病、晚疫病的田间防治效果。[结果]43%氟吡菌酰胺·肟菌酯SC和42.4%吡唑醚菌酯·氟唑菌酰胺SC,2次药后14 d对番茄叶霉病的防效最好,分别为83.81%、84.62%;其次是12%苯醚甲环唑·氟唑菌酰胺SC和50%克菌丹WP,防效相当,分别为77.23%、77.62%。2次药后14 d对番茄晚疫病防效最好的是12%苯醚甲环唑·氟唑菌酰胺SC,防效为92.8%,其次是43%氟吡菌酰胺·肟菌酯SC和42.4%吡唑醚菌酯·氟唑菌酰胺SC;防效较低的是50%克菌丹WP。[结论]43%氟吡菌酰胺·肟菌酯SC和42.4%吡唑醚菌酯·氟唑菌酰胺SC复配型杀菌剂对番茄叶霉病具有较好的防治效果,12%苯醚甲环唑·氟唑菌酰胺SC复配型杀菌剂对番茄晚疫病具有良好的防治效果,建议在叶霉病和晚疫病发病初期轮换交替使用,对延缓抗药性的产生具有重要作用。     

小麦灌浆后期用药对赤霉病及其毒素防控效果的研究

通过田间试验与室内检测,研究了小麦灌浆后期赤霉病显症后遇雨药剂防治的效果,以及对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(以下简称DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(以下简称ZEN)的控制效果。结果表明,灌浆后期遇连续阴雨天气时,雨前药剂防治效果不佳,48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC对赤霉病的病穗防效只有18.56%,病指防效只有23.96%。药剂对成熟麦粒中DON毒素具有一定的控制效果,DON毒素的检出量为400μg/kg,与提前收割处理区和药剂处理区DON含量呈显著差异。     

综合品种抗性和杀菌剂对6个抗性不同的冬小麦品种赤霉病防效评价

为明确品种抗性、杀菌剂施药时期和防治次数相结合对小麦赤霉病(Fusarium head blight,FHB)病情指数(Disease index,DI)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenol,DON)毒素含量和千粒重(Thousand-grain weight,TGW)的影响,2016—2018年连续2个年度使用6个不同抗性水平的冬小麦品种(‘郑麦9023’‘鄂麦006’‘鄂麦170’‘襄麦35’‘鄂麦DH16’‘宁麦13’),分别在扬花初期和扬花初期第6天喷施430 g/L戊唑醇防治小麦赤霉病,对病情指数、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇毒素含量和千粒重进行评价。结果表明:品种抗性和杀菌剂对DI、DON毒素含量和TGW的影响极显著(P<0.000 1);品种×杀菌剂联合作用,对TGW影响不显著(P>0.05);杀菌剂防治1次和2次对中抗品种的DI和DON毒素含量差异不显著;比较品种间DI和DON的防效,中抗品种对DI和DON毒素积累的防治效果要显著高于中感病品种(P<0.05)。因此,品种抗性与药剂相结合是防治小麦赤霉病和DON毒素积累的有效策略。     

Introduction of Several Methods to Control Fusarium Head Blight (FHB)

Abstract:Fusariam head blight(FHB)is a worldwide destructive disease of wheat in the warm,semi-humid or humid regions,especially serious in China.The disease not only causes significant losses in yield and re duces grain quanlity,but also induces toxin to contaminated seeds,which is harmful to the healthy of human and livestocks,So it is important to control it.There are several methods to control Fusarium head blight (FHB).Such as using Crop rotation,Soil cultivation and Fertiliser,biological control,Fungicides control, transgenes,resistance to control Fusarium head blight(FHB).All of these methods gain some effect,but also exist their deficiency.Sometimes crop rotation had no significant effect on DON contamination of wheat grain,subsequent reductions in DON contamination were inconsistent when using Soil cultivation and Fer tiliser,Unfortunately,under field conditions,the biological control achieved has been shown to be variable and in some tests has failed to give any control,The use of fungicides,however,have not been consistently effective in controlling FHB and in reducing DON formation,transgene-silencing at different generations is a problem to use transgenes,Information on location of QTL for FHB resistance should improve dramatically in the near future on resistance to control Fusarium head blight(FHB).Therefore,it is pressing to improve control methods,especially to DON.     

戊唑醇与羟菌唑对小麦赤霉病的田间防效试验

2001~2003年,对不同药剂防治小麦赤霉病的效果进行了田间试验研究。结果表明,接种前2,3 d和接种后2,3,5 d喷施三唑类杀菌剂,与接种未喷药对照相比,戊唑醇可使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少76.47%~78.67%,籽粒中毒素含量减少64.19%~81.39%,增产10.81%~21.15%;羟菌唑可使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少74.64%~82.06%,籽粒中毒素含量减少42.43%~88.01%,增产11.01%~13.35%;大田示范试验中,处理区小麦赤霉病病情指数比对照区平均减少91.92%;对照药剂多菌灵与利德隆对小麦赤霉病也有很好的防治效果。     

Screening Fungicides for Controlling Fusarium Head Blight of Winter Wheat

Chemical control of wheat Fusarium head blight(FHB) is emphasized when the genetic resistance in cultivars is insufficient in preventing the crop from disease damage or the crop is under high FHB epidemic pressure. Considering the accumulating resistance to carbendazim in FHB pathogens due to its repeatedly use, alternative fungicides with higher efficacy and safety need to be selected and recommended. In this study, ten fungicides were screened for their efficiencies of controlling FHB on winter wheat in Anhui Province, during 2015-2016 growing season. Fusarium infection, demonstrated both as disease incidence and severity, was positively correlated to the Fusarium-damaged kernels(FDKs) and deoxynivalenol(DON) content in the harvested grains and negatively correlated to the grain yield. Fungicides containing tebuconazole, e.g. phenamacril+tebuconazole, tebuconazole+thiram, prothioconazole+tebuconazole, and thiophanate-methyl+tebuconazole all showed control effects on FHB,especially when those fungicides were sprayed onto the spikes at early anthesis and then a second spray one week later.Phenamacril, though gave no obvious effects on decreasing FHB incidence and severity, performed equally in decreasing the FDKs and DON content to tebuconazole. Those fungicides could be recommended to control wheat FHB, and better to be used alternately in the purpose of avoiding accumulating resistance in the causal pathogens. Biocontrol agent validamycin A +Bacillus cereus endospores also achieved acceptable control efficiency, especially under situations that environmental and food-safety issues were concerned. Difenoconazole +polyoxin B and tetramycin failed to show any advantages in controlling the infection of FHB pathogens.     

禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素的生物活性及其在小麦品种抗赤霉病性鉴定中的应用

 用小麦黄化芽鞘生物测定法探测禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素的生物活性，以及不同抗性小麦品种对粗毒素的反应。以纯脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）作比较，证明了粗毒素具有与纯毒素DON相同的生物活性。对粗毒素在抗赤霉病性鉴定应用的初步探讨中，明确了小麦品种对粗毒素的敏感性与其在田间的抗赤霉病性呈负相关。     

Screening Winter Wheat Germplasm for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance

58 winter wheat breeding lines and 4 widely popularized varieties in Huaihe River wheat production regions of Anhui were used to screen resistant germplasms to Fusarium head blight. Incidence, disease index, percentage of infected kernels and DON content in the kernels were measured for each variety or line following artificial inoculation of Fusarium spp. pathogens. Reactions of wheat to Fusarium infection varied among genotypes and different types of resistance. The incidence of infection for each variety or line highly correlated to the severity of colonization after infection. DON content was more correlated to the percentage of kernels infected than to the overall incidence or severity. The selected control varieties were all susceptible to FHB, while seven breeding lines demonstrated good resistant performance. New FHB resistant winter wheat varieties appealing to the actual needs are expected from them.     

速保利防治小麦赤霉病效果初探

孢子萌发试验表明,速保利(Diniconazole)可抑制分生孢子萌发,对孢子芽管有强烈致畸作用,在1.56μg/ml浓度下亦可产生81.2%的畸变率.抑菌试验证明,速保利对赤霉菌的菌丝生长有强烈的抑制作用,在含药培养基上培养48h后,其Ec50为0.88μg/ml,属极敏感型.田间药效测定初步表明,该药剂可防治小麦赤霉病,有良好的保护和治疗作用,其防效与多菌灵相当.该药剂似可作为多菌灵防治小麦赤霉病的替代品种.     

戊唑醇与羟菌唑对小麦赤霉病的防治效果及对小麦产量的影响

通过室内和田间药效试验,研究了新型三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇与羟菌唑对小麦赤霉病的防治效果。温室盆栽试验结果表明:25%的戊唑醇(3.15mL/L)、6%的羟菌唑(3.75mL/L)可有效控制赤霉病菌在小麦穗部小穗之间的扩展,防效高于多菌灵常规用量。田间药效测定结果表明:与对照相比,接种前2d喷药与接种后2d喷药,2001年,戊唑醇可使小麦赤霉病病情指数分别减少80.32%和70.64%,产量增加12.95%与8.74%;羟菌唑可使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少80.5%和68.0%,产量增加11.41%和11.45%;2002年,在小麦赤霉病严重发生的情况下,戊唑醇能使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少76.47%和78.67%,羟菌唑能使小麦赤霉病病情指数减少82.06%和81.89%,产量增加极显著。说明这2种药剂可以作为防治小麦赤霉病的替代品种。     

小麦抗赤霉病育种回顾与展望

由禾谷镰刀菌复合种引起的赤霉病是全世界最重要的小麦病害之一,严重影响小麦的产量和品质,受病原菌侵染的籽粒还会产生脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)为主的毒素,进一步威胁人畜健康.抗赤霉病品种选育与应用是解决小麦赤霉病及毒素危害的有效途径,中国自20世纪50年代开始抗赤霉病育种研究,70年代成立全...     

基于监测预警的小麦赤霉病药剂防治效果评价

2022-2023年,在江苏省淮安市洪泽区进行小麦赤霉病自动监测预警系统的试验示范,以监测预警系统的预测结果为指导,通过田间药剂复配试验,确定最佳的喷施次数、药剂组合和药剂量,以指导大田小麦赤霉病的防控。结果表明,每公顷施用麦甜900ml、麦甜伴侣600ml的药剂组合经过二次施药是防治小麦赤霉病的最优药剂与用量,病情指数防效为85.12%。