企业水平衡测试方法

企业水平衡测试是加强企业用水科学管理,促进合理用水、节约用水的基础性工作。介绍了企业水平衡测试的基本方法和各自的适用范围及优缺点,并介绍了各个用水参数的具体测试方法。     

青铜峡灌区水土资源平衡分析的探讨

本文根据青铜峡灌区四水转化的特点和灌区规划的要求，提出灌区节水改造规划的水土资源平衡应进行水资源的3个平衡分析，即水资源供需平衡分析，引水、耗水与排水平衡分析，水资源耗水平衡分析.水资源的3个平衡分析的目标与内容不同，但科学基础与依据都是灌区的四水转化关系.     

石羊河流域水资源供需平衡分析

区域水资源供需平衡分析旨在为水资源的合理开发利用提供理论支持.本文以现状年2000年为水平年,根据流域内的水系分布情况,将流域内划分为西大河山水灌区、六河中游山水灌区、六河中游井泉灌区、红崖山灌区和大靖河系统五个计算单元,对近期水平年2010年的水资源供需平衡进行了分析. 分析计算结果表明:大靖河系统和西大河系统可供水量不足,存在明显的缺水现象.六河中游山水灌区和井泉灌区、红崖山水库灌区的水资源供需基本保持平衡.     

企业水平衡的管理与实践

水平衡是冶炼企业计量管理的重工作之一。冶炼生产需耗费大量的水，通过冶炼工艺过程变成了大量的污水，其它作业活动也产生了大量的污水。该企业经过改造．实现了污水处理再利用，建设了雨水汇集利用系统。不但实现了水平衡管理目标，而且还实现了污水零排放。该企业的水平衡管理与实践，可供其他企业借鉴。     

浅析水平衡测试中的几种测试方法

在水量平衡测试中，有些企业用水工艺十分复杂，给水量计量工作带来了很大困难，要准确计量各个环节的水量，需要根据现场情况灵活运用水表、超声波流量计、流速仪等仪器计量，还可以利用小浮标、容器等辅助工具计量，也可以运用公式计算、调查等方法计算水量。在测试过程中应根据实际情况，选择恰当的测试方法，测试出准确的水量。     

凤冈县城水资源供需平衡分析

介绍了凤冈县城供用水现状,分析了县城和工业园区水资源的供需平衡状况。分析结果表明,2015年需水量为6.41×104m3/d,缺水量4.18×104m3/d,缺水率达到65.2%;2020年需水量为9.24×104m3/d,缺水量7.01×104m3/d,缺水率达到75.9%,供需形势较为严峻。通过新建西山水库、羊子溪水库、穿家坪水库等供水水源工程,并结合现有的穿阡水库及采取适量中水回用措施,可以缓解供需矛盾,实现水资源可持续利用。     

Water Balance of Zhangdu Lake in Yangtze River Basin

1 IntroductionIn the central Yangtze Basin in China ,there were thou-sands of large lakes .In the past , most of them were naturallyconnected with rivers ,such as the Yangtze ,but gradually losttheir hydrological and biological linkages due to both natura…     

农田整理项目中水资源平衡分析

水资源平衡分析是农田整理项目规划设计的重要组成部分。因此在项目区水资源条件分析的基础上,正确地分析计算项目区内供水量及作物需水量,充分论证分析项目区内的水资源供需平衡,为农田整理项目实施规划设计提供重要依据。     

长江中游涨渡湖的水平衡分析与研究

在识别和计算所有入流和出流成分的基础上,建立了涨渡湖的水平衡方程和模型,分析了当前平常年该湖的总水量增减状况。然后,在气候变化研究以及由此归纳出的未来可能出现的气候变化情景下,对2030、2050、2080和2100年的年度湖水位变化趋势进行了预测,同时对未来可能出现的干旱和极端干旱情景进行了水的可获得性(可用性)风险分析。     

白洋淀水质平衡分析初探

白洋淀是华北最大的淡水湖,素有“华北明珠”之称,具有沼泽和水域等生态系统。通过对白洋淀水质平衡分析,利用人工神经网络BP结构模型建立水质模型,提出白洋淀水环境保护措施。     

Water Balance of the Upper Jordan River Basin

Sharing water in the Jordan basin has been a key topic in the recent peace talks between Israel and its neighbors. Knowing the quantity of water available is a prerequisite to water sharing. Many different values have been published in recent years. Different sources report Jordan's discharge flow into Lake Kinneret anywhere from 460 to 800 Mm³/year. The aim of this article is to present a water balance for the Jordan basin for a 15-year period. The years 1977–1978 to 1991–1992 were studied for the basin's water budget, as they represent the present day (1998) land use. The results show that Lake Kinneret has a yearly average input (= output) of 770 Mm³. Israel uses some 800 Mcm³/year from the entire Jordan basin, of which 440 Mm³ is used within the basin and the rest outside. There is about 100 Mm³ for future utilization in the watershed. The yearly Jordan's discharge to the Dead Sea is 220–250 Mm³. Reporting by various secondary data sources is compared to primary data findings to illustrate the great variability of data reporting and to provide annual flow estimates, based largely on primary sources, for the Upper Jordan River.     

利用水量平衡法计算蒸腾量的尝试

本文简要地研究了森林生态系统中的水量平衡关系,分析了当林地土壤含水量达到饱和状态时,尝试利用水量平衡法计算森林生态系统蒸腾量,并通过实例验证了这一方法.结果表明,方法可行,结果合理.     

勉县水资源供需平衡分析

从勉县水资源开发利用现状出发,以2008年为现状年,对勉县2010、2015和2020年水资源进行了供需平衡分析研究。结果表明,在充分考虑＂挖潜＂和＂节水＂工程进一步完善配套情况下,到2020年,在保证率为95%时,全县水资源供需达到平衡,能够满足勉县社会经济可持续发展用水需求。     

内蒙古水资源供需平衡分析

对内蒙古2000—2008年各盟(市)的水资源供需平衡状况进行了分析。结果表明:水资源总量不足且时空分布不均、水资源供需矛盾突出、潜在的水污染形势和水浪费现象严重是内蒙古面临的主要水问题,已形成东部工程性缺水、西部资源性缺水的格局;2000—2008年,内蒙古水资源量除2003年、2004年和2008年略有盈余外,其他各年均出现了短缺现象,最高亏缺量达14.46亿m3,亏缺年份占2/3;根据发展规划,预测2015年内蒙古总需水量为209.42亿m3,农林牧渔业需水量为136.75亿m3,比2008年减小2.54%,工业、城镇生活、生态需水量分别比2008年增加84.70%、105.29%、168.15%。     

四会市水迳水库灌区水量平衡计算

按灌溉水源进行区分,分别进行各灌溉片区P=90%枯水年的水量平衡计算,论述各灌溉片区供水量与需水量的关系,为水迳水库灌区续建配套与节水改造工程的审批提供依据。     

Water Balance within Intensively Cultivated Alluvial Plain in an Arid Environment

The Tuoshigan–Kumalake River alluvial plain is an oasis located in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang, China. Large water consumption reduces the discharge and jeopardizes the ecosystem of the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Therefore a recent regulation is enacted to limit water use in the plain. The objective of this paper is to investigate the hydrological cycle inside an intensively cultivated plain at upstream Tarim River. A conceptual water balance methodology was used for evaluating groundwater movement among riverway, irrigation ditches, irrigation area and non-irrigation area, based on the recorded water diversion. Results show that both irrigation area and non-irrigation area are supported by the water from river way in hyper-arid environment. Irrigation area is supported by surface water through canal system and non-irrigation area is supported by groundwater from canal loss and irrigation area. Nearly half of the water in the non-irrigation area comes from the irrigation area in the form of groundwater. This indicates that water supply of natural plants relies on the water from agricultural ecosystem. Tight water connection between irrigation area and non-irrigation area suggests that natural ecosystem needs to be considered in agricultural management in arid environment.     

大浪淀水库水量平衡分析初步研究

大浪淀水库为河北省第一座平原水库,分析了水库的来水量以及供水量、耗水量以及渗漏量,通过分析得出了水库水量平衡的关系,为深入研究水库提供了科学依据。     

Estimation of Groundwater Balance Using Soil-Water-Vegetation Model and GIS

This study concerns the development of a methodology using modern techniques of data generation (Modeling) and interpretation (GIS) to compute groundwater plausibly at regional scale, alternate to previously established norms. The approach is centered on quantitative estimation of two main parameters-input and output. GIS techniques along with soil vegetation model (CropSyst) have been demonstrated for the calculation of groundwater balance components. Using the developed methodology water resources of the Ludhiana district for the period between, 2000 and 2010 were estimated. The temporal changes in water balance components indicated that the major inputs to the hydrologic system are rainfall and canal water and the major out component are evapotranspiration (ET). Multi-annual (2000 to 2010) average of 719 mm rainfall, 88 mm canal water, 74 mm of groundwater inflow, with annual loss 974 mm as ET, caused 123 mm of net negative groundwater recharge in Ludhiana district. The annual computed rise/fall with the developed methodology closely matched the observed values.     

内陆湖泊水盐均衡定律及其实证

提出并证明了内陆湖泊水盐均衡定律,即在一定条件下,湖泊经过长期演化之后,入、蓄水矿化比与损、补水量之比的代数和将收敛为1;分析了不同初始条件下内陆湖水盐演化方式,结合水箱模型试验,进行了实证研究,验证了内陆湖水盐均衡定律的存在性;所提出的定律不含任何经验常数,有助于估算潜排流量和矿化度,可根据条件变化预测内陆湖的长期水盐演变趋势,也可用于按照生态需求对湖泊矿化度进行调控。     

火力发电厂水平衡测试及节水途径分析

对霍煤鸿骏自备电厂二期工程2×150MW机组进行了水平衡测试,结果表明本电厂总的取水量和耗水量是平衡的,不平衡率〈5％。根据测试结果对该厂用水情况进行了分析评价,提出了节水措施和水处理建议。